Introduction To Information Technology Chapter 1 PDF

Chapter 1 Computers and you  Course Instructor: Dr. Noha El Kady  Email: [email protected]  Grading scheme:  Midterm 15 %  Practical Lab exam 10%  Assignments and quizzes 15%  Final Exam 60 %  Reference Book:...

Chapter 1 Computers and you  Course Instructor: Dr. Noha El Kady  Email: [email protected]  Grading scheme:  Midterm 15 %  Practical Lab exam 10%  Assignments and quizzes 15%  Final Exam 60 %  Reference Book:  Computers are our future, 12th edition, Catherine LaBerta. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3  Define the word computer and name the four basic operations that a computer performs.  Describe the two main components of a computer system: hardware and software.  Data processing cycle. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4  Computers  Integral part to our daily lives, It’s difficult to think of our lives without them.  Millions use computers daily. Computers Applications  Word processors such as MS Word and WordPad  Internet: a connected system of computers that allow users to obtain information quickly.  Online banking: The ability to use the internet to open a new account, transfer money or make a payment.  Online classes : uses applications such as Teams and Google classroom  GPS systems: devices that provide driving directions from your current location to the entered destination.  ATM machines: devices that allow customers to withdraw or deposit money  Mobile phones: have additional features such as calculator, calendar and internet connection.  Weather prediction: the use of super computers and satellite connections to determine the weather. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5  Computers (con’t.)  Used at:  Home  Work  School  Embedded into:  Cars  Phones  Cameras Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6 Computer— an electronic/digital device that performs input, processing, output and storage which together are known as the information-processing cycle Information-processing cycle  Consists of four basic operations:  Input  Processing  Output  Storage Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 7 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9 Computer system—group of associated components that work together  Hardware  Software Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 10  Hardware  Physical components of the computer  Includes such components as the system unit, monitor, keyboard, and printer System unit  Base unit of the computer—made up of the plastic or metal enclosure, the motherboard, and the integrated peripherals Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 11  Motherboard  Circuit board that connects the central processing unit (CPU) to the other system components  Integrated Peripherals  Are the devices embedded within the system unit case and includes the power supply, cooling fans, memory, CD drive, DVD drive and internal hard drive. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12  Peripheral devices  Components located outside the system unit case that are connected physically or wirelessly to the system unit and motherboard.  Examples: keyboard, mouse, monitor, external webcam, speakers, external modems and external storage devices.  Program  A set of instructions (code) that tells the hardware or software how to perform an operation on the input data.  Software  A collection of programs and the associated documentation the tells the computer to complete a specific task.  Software is divided into:  System software  Application software  System Software  A collection of programs that are used for hardware control, basic services and letting other programs function together properly i.e. software that allows the computer to work.  Most important example: Operating system (OS) such as Microsoft windows XP, Linux, Mac OS, Android …etc.  Application Software  Software that is in a layer above that of the operating system and are designed for end users to use.  Example  Word processing software such as MS Word  Spreadsheet software such as Excel  Presentation software such as PowerPoint  Email software such as Gmail  Web browser software such as chrome and Firefox  Communication software such as messenger Input:getting data into the computer  First operation of the information-processing cycle, enables the computer to accept data  Data  Facts that are raw and unorganized such as numbers, words, images or a combination of them.  Entered into the computer for processing through the use of input devices such as a keyboard or mouse. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 17 Processing: Transforming data into information  Second operation of the information-processing cycle, converts data into information  Information refers to organized and processed data.  The central processing unit (CPU) processes data into information.  Random access memory (RAM) temporarily stores programs and data needed by the CPU. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 18 Output: Displaying information  Third operation of the information-processing cycle, requires output devices, such as monitors and printers to display results for people to see or hear Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 19 Storage  Fourth operation of the information-processing cycle, holds programs, software, and data that the computer system uses  Storage devices  Hard drives, CD and DVD drives, USB drives and flash memory cards Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 20 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 22 Communications  High-speed movement of data or information Communication device  Hardware component that moves data in and out of a computer such as network interface card and access points. Network  Connects two or more computers to share input/output devices and other resources through the use of a network interface card Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 23 Computers can be separated into two main types:  Individual—designed for one user at a time  Organization—designed to be used by many people at the same time Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 24  Individual computers  PCs (personal computers) or Desktop computers—designed for home or office.  Portable computers include notebooks and tablets Notebooks—small enough for easy computer mobility Tablets—input data with a virtual keyboard and can write on the monitor with a special pen or stylus Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 25  Individual computers (con’t.)  Wireless devices—handheld computers, netbooks, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smart phones. Netbooks—small, inexpensive notebooks designed primarily for wireless Web browsing and e-mail Smartphones—combine the capabilities of handheld computers, such as PDAs, and mobile phones Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 26 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 27 Organization computers  Servers—enable users connected to a computer network to have access to the network’s programs, hardware, and data  Clients—include the user computers connected to the network  Client/server network—includes the use of client computers connected to servers through a network. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 28 Organization computers (con’d.)  Minicomputers (midrange servers)—designed to meet the needs of smaller companies or businesses  Mainframes—very large processing jobs to meet the needs of large companies or agencies of the government  Supercomputers—able to perform extremely high- speed processing. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 29 Mainframe Server Supercomputer Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 30 Web-based applications  Internet messaging (IM)—free, real-time connection  Two or more parties can use a buddy list to identify and restrict the contacts the person wishes to communicate with  Social networks—include Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn, Twitter and Instagram. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 31 When using computer hardware:  Do not plug too many devices into electrical outlets.  Place hardware where it can’t fall or be damaged.  Provide adequate space for air circulation around hardware.  Securely fasten computer cables, cords, and wires. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 32 Promote safety and comfort  Position top of your monitor at eye level  Tilt the monitor back 10 to 20 degrees  Place it at least 40 cm from your eyes  Rest your eyes often by focusing on an object 20 or more feet away  Stand and stretch periodically Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 33 Software programs  Contain flaws  Errors cause programs to run slowly or miscalculate.  Bugs are almost impossible to eliminate completely.  Software updates are used to fix existing bugs or add new features. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 34 Digital piracy  Unauthorized reproduction and distribution of computer-based media Unethical behavior  Sending viruses, stealing credit card information, computer stalking, and installing illegitimate copies of software on computers Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 35 E-learning  Learning without requiring students to be at a specific location at a specific time Automation  Replacement of people by machines and computers Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 36 Bea responsible computer user:  Understand how your computer use affects others.  Obey laws. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 37  Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall.