Lecture 4 - Medical Terminology PDF

Lecture 4 English 1 By/ Dr. Asmaa Ghareeb Introduction to Medical Terminology in Physiotherapy Understand common Construct and Break down medical prefixes, roots, and decode medical Obj...

Lecture 4 English 1 By/ Dr. Asmaa Ghareeb Introduction to Medical Terminology in Physiotherapy Understand common Construct and Break down medical prefixes, roots, and decode medical Objectives: terms into their suffixes used in terminology relevant component parts. physiotherapy. to physiotherapy. Basic Components of Medical Terms Medical terms are built from three basic components: 1- Prefix 2- Root 3- Suffix Forming Medical Terms Medical Term Word root Prefix Suffix 1- Root: The core part of the word that provides the main meaning. Example: “cardi” (heart), “muscul” (muscle), “oste” (bone). Root Examples: cardi (heart) Cardiovascular (related to the heart and blood vessels) Cardiology (study of the heart) muscul (muscle) Muscular (related to muscles) Musculoskeletal (relating to muscles and the skeleton) oste (bone) Osteoporosis (a condition causing brittle bones) Osteopathy (a type of medical practice focusing on the skeleton and muscle systems) 2- Prefix: Comes before the root and modifies its meaning. Example: “hyper-” (over or excessive), “hypo-” (under or below). Examples: hyper- (over or excessive) Hypertension (high blood pressure) Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) hypo- (under or below) Hypothermia (low body temperature) Hypotension (low blood pressure) 3- Suffix:comes after the root and often indicates condition or procedure Examples: -itis (inflammation) Arthritis (inflammation of the joints) Bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchial tubes) -pathy (disease) Neuropathy (disease of the nerves) Cardiomyopathy (disease of the muscle of heart) -logy (the study of) Biology (study of life) Neurology (study of the nervous system)  Medical Term Analysis Word Roots and Combining Forms [CYT(O)] Medical term Prefix Root Suffix Epigastric Epi gastr ic Pericarditis Peri card itis Neuropathy - Neuro pathy Oliguria Olig ur ia Dysphagia Dys phag ia 8 1- The term "epigastric" can be broken down as follows: Prefix: epi- — meaning "above" or "upon" Root: gastr — meaning "stomach" Suffix: -ic — meaning "pertaining to" Definition: "Epigastric" refers to something located above or upon the stomach. For example, the epigastric region is the area above the stomach, in the upper central portion of the abdomen. 2- The term "pericarditis" can be broken down as follows: Prefix: peri- — meaning "around" Root: card — meaning "heart" Suffix: -itis — meaning "inflammation" Definition: "Pericarditis" refers to inflammation of the pericardium, which is the membrane surrounding the heart. 3- The term “Neuropathy” can be broken down as follows: Prefix: None Root: neuro — meaning "nerve" Suffix: -pathy — meaning "disease" Definition: A disease or dysfunction of one or more peripheral nerves. 4- The term "oliguria" can be broken down as follows: Prefix: oligo- — meaning "few" or "scanty" Root: ur — referring to "urine" Suffix: -ia — meaning "condition of" Definition: Oliguria" refers to a condition characterized by a reduced or scanty amount of urine production. 5- The term "dysphagia" can be broken down as follows: Prefix: dys- — meaning "difficulty" or "abnormal" Root: phag — meaning "eating" or "swallowing" Suffix: -ia — meaning "condition of" Definition: Dysphagia" refers to a medical condition characterized by difficulty in swallowing.