Lecture 2 Anatomical Terminology PDF

Introduction To Human Anatomy 7101101 Saif yaseen 122  Lecture 2 (2hr): Anatomical position, planes, terms of relationship and comparison, and laterality  &is 10/ :.55.8 & Anatomicomedical Terminology The international anatomical termi...

Introduction To Human Anatomy 7101101 Saif yaseen 122  Lecture 2 (2hr): Anatomical position, planes, terms of relationship and comparison, and laterality  &is 10/ :.55.8 & Anatomicomedical Terminology The international anatomical terminology should be used &of Ex: axillary fossaasso -898 Ot instead of armpit Ex: clavicle instead of collarbone - -S This enables precise communication among healthcare professionals and scientists worldwide Terminologia Anatomica (TA) lists anatomical terms both(in Latin and as English equivalents (e.g., the · 6 common& - shoulder muscle is musculus deltoideus in Latin and deltoid in English - ↳ Eponyms: naming body structures after people who jjidescribe them. Although some times mentioned, they are not useful and is abandoned (39 ⑦ jy965 gastric * Structure of Anatomical Terms Most words originate from Greek or Latin e.g. gaster (Latin for stomach or belly)- gil >59 * * & the esophagogastric junction is the site where the esophagus connects with the stomach,-egastric ⑧ gastric acid is the digestive juice secreted by the stomach, o ao digastric muscle is a muscle divided into two bellies 8,9 x mylohyoid x Stylonyoid gis & :E ③ a Structure of Anatomical Terms A medical word may consist of three parts: Prefix, 18 Root word, & Suffix B -y 185.3 18 Terms- describe structures shape, size, location or function or resemblance to other structures. E.g, deltoid (like delta) (oid suffix means like) 505,33+ · Structure of Anatomical Terms (contd.) ⑥ Biceps (two headed) from bis (“double”) + -ceps (from caput ‘head’). man 1 ④.. n ⑪ "5,0) / short Structure of@ m (contd.) Anatomical Terms Triceps (three headed) -54 ⑥ * Structure of Anatomical Terms (contd.) Piriformis muscle (Latin: “pirum” - - for pear + “forma” for shape or ga form) 80% S Temporalis muscle (located in the temporal region) i.e, temple of the skull o Structure of Anatomical Terms (contd.) Levator scapulae: means the muscle that lifts the scapula. Levator comes from the Latin verb levare meaning “to lift.” + Scapulae is the genitive reference to the “scapula bone”, which this muscle lifts upward. 95  51/81 Abbreviations used in anatomy 59 3033. - bvein joyt π ⑨  Anatomical Position -% Anatomical position: body erect (standing upright), face forward, upper limbs at sides with palm forward, Lower limbs close together with the feet parallel (it is the reference position for anatomical description) in is Other Body Positions ·posis orabony Supine: lying face upward Prone: lying face downward Because people are often examined in supine position, descriptions should be made in that 3 position too with the anatomical position in mind 1950234555.502855'1800  Anatomical position g5-3-,7 ) : ·  Terms of relationship & & comparison * These terms describe the location of one body part * relative to certain plane or reference point or relative to i j another part * Superior: towards the vertex (the topmost part of the skull) Cranial: towards the cranium (skull) Inferior: towards the feet Caudal: towards the tail (tail bone)  Terms of relationship& & ↑comparison Medial: towards the median plane (or midline). Lateral: away from the - median plane (or midline) Proximal: nearer to the attachment of a limb or the central aspect of a linear proting ③ structure 8. - Distal: farther from the attachment of a limb or the central aspect of a linear structure -  Terms of relationship & comparison Anterior (Ventral): towards the front surface of the body or nearer to the abdomen Posterior (Dorsal): towards the back surface of the body or nearer to the back % Terms of relationship & ⑨ comparison 15 Rostral:: towards the rostrum (Latin rostrum, meaning 'beak, nose‘). (Used for parts of the brain which means i virtually anterior) ( 7 ↓ Quit - 0 Terms of relationship & ssops; comparison o Dorsum: (noun) Dorsum usually refers to the superior / Transverse sections or (cross sections), arey slices of - ⑪1 the body or its parts that are cut at right angles to the ~ - longitudinal axis of the body or of any of its parts. - S - 5. Oblique sections are slices of the body or any of its parts that are not cut along the previously listed anatomical planes.  & 860855,935579839 Sections through a whole body · Longitudinal Sections through a limb (98619292i0 d SS9S Head MRI Scan showing different T h section types e L o n g a xi s Transverse Longitudinal Longitudinal sections along sections along sections along transverse planes) sagittal planes coronal planes  :g. Terms of Laterality mains Ipsilateral: structures on the same side of the body I Contralateral: structures on the opposite sides of the body ⑤ Bilateral: Paired structures having right and left ·96;3:3) members (e.g., the kidneys) (you should specify which one when you describe them), Unilateral: structures occurring on one side only -8) (e.g., the spleen).