Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Anatomy of the Skull Vertebral Column 1 PDF

Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Physical Therapy Department  ANATOMYOF MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM 1101220  Course Contents No Topics 1 Introduction of Musculoskeletal system 2 Anatomy of the sk...

Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Physical Therapy Department  ANATOMYOF MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM 1101220  Course Contents No Topics 1 Introduction of Musculoskeletal system 2 Anatomy of the skull & vertebral column 1 3 Neck region muscles 4 Anatomy of the skull & vertebral column 2 5 Core trunk muscles 6 Bones of upper limb 7 Muscles around shoulder joint 8 Muscles around elbow joint 9 Forearm muscles 10 Wrist and hand muscles 11 Bones of lower limb 12 Muscles around hip joint 13 Muscles around knee joint 14 Muscles around ankle joint and foot  (2) Bones Of Skull & Neck And Vertebral Column By Prof.Dr /Samah H. Nagib Professor in Physical Therapy Department For Surgery-Faculty of Physical Therapy- Cairo University/Al-Zaytoonah University & Lecturer Roa’a Alkhatib  The Skull  The skeleton of the head and neck includes the skull, middle ear ossicles, hyoid bone, and cervical vertebrae.  The skull is composed of several separate bones united at immobile joints called sutures. Only Temporomandibular Joints (TMJ) is a synovial joint (mobile).  The bones of the skull are 22 bones, organized into a cranial skeleton (8 bones) that surrounds the brain and a facial skeleton (14 bones).  Cranium Bones  Frontal bone: one bone.  Ethmoid bone: one bone.  Sphenoid bone: one bone.  Occipital bone: one bone.  Parietal bones: paired (2 bones).  Temporal bones: paired (2 bones).  Facial Skeleton  Zygomatic bones: paired (2 bones).  Maxillae: paired (2 bones).  Nasal bones: paired (2 bones).  Lacrimal bones: paired (2 bones).  Palatine bones: paired (2 bones).  Inferior conchae: paired (2 bones).  Mandible: one bone.  Vomer: one bone. The Skeleton Frontal bone Parietal bone Occipital bone Temporal bone Maxillary bone Zygomatic bone Nasal bone Lacrmial bone Mandibular Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Palatine bone Sphenoid bone Mastoid process Hyoid bone Foramen magnum Sagittal suture Coronal suture Squamosal suture Lambdoidal suture  Vertebral Column  The Neck 7 cervical vertebrae.  The Upper Back o 12 thoracic vertebrae. o Each articulates with one or more pair of ribs.  The Lower Back Five lumbar vertebrae.  The Sacrum And Coccyx The fifth lumbar vertebra articulates with the sacrum. The sacrum articulates with the coccyx.  Structure Of Vertebrae  The vertebral body (centrum)  Transfers weight along the spine.  The vertebral arch  Posterior margin of vertebral foramen.  The articular processes  Lateral projections between laminae and pedicles.  The Vertebral Arch o Pedicles Walls Of The Vertebral Arch. o Laminae Roof of the vertebral arch. o Spinous process Projection where vertebral laminae fuse. o Transverse process Projection where laminae join pedicles.  The Articular Processes o Superior articular process. o Inferior articular process. o Have articular facets on articular faces.  Intervertebral Foramina o Gaps between pedicles of adjacent vertebrae. o For nerve connections to spinal cord.  Vertebral Canal o Formed by vertebral foramina. o Encloses the spinal cord.  Intervertebral Discs o Are pads of fibrous cartilage. o Separate the vertebral bodies. o Absorb shocks.  Regions Of The Vertebral Column  Cervical (C)  Thoracic (T)  Lumbar (L)  Sacral (S)  Coccygeal (Co)  The Cervical Vertebrae  Transverse processes o Are fused to costal processes. o Which encircle transverse foramina (protect arteries and veins).  Atlas (C1) o Articulates with occipital condyles of skull. o Has no body or spinous process. o Has a large, round foramen within anterior and posterior arches.  Axis (C2) o Supports the atlas. o Has heavy spinous process to attach muscles of head and neck o Axis and atlas bodies fuse during development to form the dens.  Vertebra Prominens (C7) o Transitions To Thoracic vertebrae. o Has a long spinous process with a broad tubercle. o Has large transverse processes.  Thoracic Vertebrae (T1–T12) Have heart-shaped bodies. Larger bodies than in C1–C7. Smaller vertebral foramen than in C1–C7. Long, slender spinous processes. Dorsolateral surfaces of body have costal facets: Which articulate with heads of ribs.  T1–T10 o Have transverse costal facets on thick transverse processes for rib articulation.  Ribs at T1–T10 o Contact costal and transverse costal facets.  T1–T8 articulate with two pairs of ribs  At superior and inferior costal facets.  T9–T11 articulate with one pair of ribs.  T10–T12 transition to lumbar vertebrae.  Lumbar Vertebrae (L1–L5) o Largest vertebrae. o Oval-shaped bodies. o Thicker bodies than T1–T12. o No costal or transverse costal facets. o Triangular vertebral foramen. o Superior articular processes o Face up and in. o Inferior articular processes o Face down and out.  Transverse processes o Slender. o Project dorsolateraly.  Spinous process o Short, heavy. o For attachment of lower back muscles.  The Sacrum o Is curved, more in males than in females. o Protects reproductive, urinary, and digestive organs. o Attaches the axial skeleton to pelvic girdle of appendicular skeleton. o Attaches to broad muscles that move the thigh o The adult sacrum o Consists of five fused sacral vertebrae. o Fuses between puberty and ages 25–30. o Leaving transverse lines.  The Coccyx o Attaches ligaments and a constricting muscle of the anus. o Mature coccyx o Consists of three to five fused coccygeal vertebrae. o First two coccygeal vertebrae: o Have transverse processes. o Have unfused vertebral arches. o Coccygeal cornua o Formed by laminae of first coccygeal vertebra.