Lab Practical Answers for BIO 104 - General Biology II for Majors (PDF)

11/19/24, 12:31 PM Lab Practical Answers Lab Practical Answers for BIO 104 – General Biology II for Majors Safety Lab Know the appropriate safety protocols for working in a laboratory (what you should wear or not wear, etc.). Pipetting Lab...

11/19/24, 12:31 PM Lab Practical Answers Lab Practical Answers for BIO 104 – General Biology II for Majors Safety Lab Know the appropriate safety protocols for working in a laboratory (what you should wear or not wear, etc.). Pipetting Lab General precautions about using a pipette: Always use a new tip for each sample, avoid touching the tip to surfaces, and ensure the pipette is calibrated. How to add a tip to a pipette: Align the tip with the pipette and press down firmly until it clicks into place. How to eject a tip: Press the ejector button on the pipette. Choosing a pipette: Select a pipette based on the volume range needed. Setting the volume: Turn the dial or use the push buttons to adjust the volume setting. Different parts of a pipette: Tip, plunger, volume adjustment knob, and body. Pipetting a specific volume: Demonstrate the technique in front of the instructor. PCR Lab One Definition of Molecular Biology: The study of biological processes at the molecular level. Definition of Biotechnology: The use of living systems and organisms to develop products. PCR stands for: Polymerase Chain Reaction. Objective of PCR: To amplify specific DNA sequences. Sources of DNA: Blood, saliva, hair, and other bodily tissues. Areas of genetic research impacted by PCR: Genetic testing, forensics, and cloning. Fields using PCR: Medicine, agriculture, and environmental science. PCR Lab Two Components required for PCR: DNA template, primers, nucleotides, and Taq polymerase. Taq DNA Polymerase: A heat-stable enzyme that synthesizes DNA. Three steps of PCR: Denaturation, annealing, and extension. PCR Lab Three Introns and exons: Introns are non-coding regions, exons are coding regions of a gene. RNA splicing: The process of removing introns and connecting exons in mRNA. Definitions: Homozygous positive (two identical dominant alleles), homozygous negative (two identical recessive alleles), heterozygous (one dominant and one recessive allele). How electrophoresis works: A technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size. Viral Transmission Lab Mode of transmission: The way in which a virus spreads from one host to another. Function of a vaccine: To provide immunity against specific pathogens. file:///C:/Users/KingS/Downloads/Lab Practical Answers.html 1/2 11/19/24, 12:31 PM Lab Practical Answers Emerging virus: A virus that has recently appeared in a population. Zoonosis: A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Epidemic: A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a specific area. Pandemic: An epidemic that has spread across multiple countries or continents. Natural Selection Lab Definition of macroevolution: Large-scale evolutionary changes that occur over long periods of time. Definition of natural selection: The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce. Definition of evolution: Change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Relationship between predator and prey: Predation pressure can lead to adaptations in both predators and prey, driving evolutionary changes. Taxonomy and Dichotomous Keys Definition of taxonomy: The science of classification of living organisms. Nomenclature: The system of naming organisms. Hierarchical classification: Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. Using a dichotomous key: A tool that allows the identification of organisms based on a series of choices. Ecological Applications Labs Definition of species diversity: The variety of different species within a given area. Definition of hypothesis: A testable prediction about the relationship between variables. Animals seen during the experiment: (List specific animals observed during your campus experiment). file:///C:/Users/KingS/Downloads/Lab Practical Answers.html 2/2