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CHOOSE ONE CORRECT ANSWER: 1. A 50-year-old patient has been referred for treatment of neck lymphadenitis. His individual penicillin sensitivity was tested. In 30 seconds full-body fever raised in the patient and his arterial blood pressure dropped to 0 mm Hg, followed by cardiac arrest. Resuscitat...

CHOOSE ONE CORRECT ANSWER: 1. A 50-year-old patient has been referred for treatment of neck lymphadenitis. His individual penicillin sensitivity was tested. In 30 seconds full-body fever raised in the patient and his arterial blood pressure dropped to 0 mm Hg, followed by cardiac arrest. Resuscitation was unsuccessful. Autopsy revealed acute venous hyperemia of viscera. Histological study revealed mast cells (tissue basocytes) degranulation in the skin (at the area of injections), myocardium and lungs. What kind of hypersensitivity reaction occurred in patient? A. Anaphylactic B. Delayed-type hypersensitivity C. Complement-mediated cytotoxic D. Immune complex-mediated E. – 2. For the purpose of anaesthetization a patient got injection of local anesthetic. A few minutes later the patient got dyspnea and tachycardia; he lost consciousness. What type of shock is it? A. Anaphylactic B. Cardiogenic C. Haemorrhagic D. Traumatic E. Burn 3. After anaesthetic application during tooth extraction the patient developed marked soft tissue edema of the upper and lower jaw, skin rash on the face, reddening, and itching. What pathological process results insuchreaction to the anaesthetic? A. Allergy B. Toxic action of a drug C. Inflammation D. Circulatory deficiency E. Disturbed lymph drainage 4. A patient has been administered conduction anesthesia with novocaine in preparation for tooth extraction. After the anesthesia administration the patient developed swelling and hyperemy around the injection site, skin itch, general fatigue, motor agitation. Name the developed complication: A. Allergy B. Tachyphylaxis C. Idiosyncrasy D. Drug dependence E. Inflammation 5. A patient with chronic hepatitis complains of increased sensitivity to barbiturates that previously induced no symptoms of intoxication. What hepatic function is disrupted and primarily responsible for such reaction in this patient? A. Metabolic B. Hemodynamic C. Phagocytic D. Hemopoietic E. Bilification 6. A patient was prescribed a drug with apparent lipophilic properties. What is the main mechanism of its absorption? A. Passive diffusion B. Filtration  C. Active transport D. Pinocytosis E. Binding with transport proteins 7. For pain relief a patient has taken simultaneously a tablet of paracetamol and a tablet of diclofenac sodium. What type of drug interaction did the patient use for self-treatment? A. Additive synergism B. Non-competitive antagonism C. Potentiated synergism D. Synergic antagonism E. Competitive antagonism 8. While under barbituric anaesthesia a 65-year-old male patient developed respiratory inhibition. Anesthesiologist made him a 10 ml intravenous injection of 0,5% bemegride solution. The patient’s condition got better, the pulmonary ventilation volume increased. What phenomenon underlies the interaction of these medications? A. Direct antagonism B. Indirect antagonism C. Unilateral antagonism D. Direct synergism E. Indirect synergism 9. A patient used an indirect-acting adrenergic agonist to treat rhinitis. After the patient has been putting in the nose drops for several days, the vasoconstrictive effect of the drug gradually diminished. Name this phenomenon: A. Tachyphylaxis B. Idiosyncrasy C. Teratogenicity D. Allergy E. Cumulation 10. A patient noticed symptoms of approaching attack of bronchial asthma and took several tablets one by one at short intervals out of the doctor’s control. Short-term improvement of his condition came only after taking the first two tablets. Next intakes of a drug didn’t improve his condition. Reduction of the drug effectiveness was caused by: A. Tachyphylaxis B. Cumulation C. Addiction D. Dependence E. Idiosyncrasy 11. A patient has been taking bisacodyl for a long time to treat chronic constipation. However, several weeks later the aperient effect of the drug diminished. What is the possible cause of this? A. Acquired tolerance B. Drug dependence C. Material cumulation D. Functional cumulation E. Sensitization 12. A patient who has been taking a certain drug for a long time cannot discontinue the use of it because this causes psychic and somatic disfunctions. The syndrome occuring at refraining from the use of a drug is called: A. Abstinence B. Sensitization C. Idiosyncrasy  D. Tachyphylaxis E. Cumulation 13. A patient diagnosed with morphinism has been admitted to the narcological department. A doctor noted a decrease in pharmacological activity of morphine. Repetitive use of a drug may result in tolerance to its effect, and this phenomenon is called: A. Addiction B. Cumulation C. Tachyphylaxis D. Antagonism E. Allergy 14. A patient with chronic heart failure has been taking digoxin for several months on an outpatient basis. At a certain stage of treatment, he got symptoms of drug overdose. What effect underlies the development of this complication? A. Material accumulation B. Adaptation C. Sensibilization D. Functional cumulation E. Tachyphylaxis 15. A patient with heart failure and tachycardia has been prescribed digoxin. After 5 days of taking digoxin the patient’s heart rate was normalized. After 2 weeks the patient addressed a doctor due to continuous decrease of heart rate down to 52/min. What phenomenon has caused such changes of heart rate? A. Cumulation B. Tachyphylaxis C. Allergy D. Tolerance E. Idiosyncrasy 16. A woman who had been consuming alcohol excessively during her pregnancy had a child with cleft palate and upper lip. These presentations are indicative of some chromosomal anomalies. What process do they result from? A. Teratogenesis B. Ontogenesis C. Mutagenesis D. Carcinogenesis E. Phylogenesis 17. A woman who had taken alcohols during her pregnancy had a child with cleft palate and upper lip. These presentations are indicative of some chromosomal anomalies. What process do they result from? A. Teratogenesis B. Carcinogenesis C. Mutagenesis D. Phylogenesis E. Ontogenesis 18. A patient with angina pectoris was helping himself with nitroglycerin. One day the patient used nitroglycerin several times because of frequent episodes of pain. So as the last sublingual administration of nitroglycerin did not relieve pain, the patient addressed his doctor. Doctor advised him to withdraw nitroglycerin for 8 hours and prescribed another drug. After 8 hours the effect of nitroglycerin was restored. Which phenomenon did take place in this case? A. Increase in nitroglycerin metabolism B. Increase in protein binding C. Decrease of absorption D. Drug dependence E.Tolerance 19. Metabolism can render pharmacological activity to some initially inert substances (pro-drug). Point out the substance, which is pro-drug, used for treatment of hypertension. A.Enalapril B.Salbutamol C.Verapamil D.Reserpine E.Propranolol 20. A patient who has been treated with diazepam on account of neurosis complains of toothache. Doctor administered him an analgetic, but its dose was lower than average therapeutic dose. What phenomenon did the doctor take into account while prescribing the patient an underdose? A.Summation B.Potentiation C.Cumulation D.Tolerance E.Drug dependence. 21. A patient with frequent attacks of stenocardia was prescribed sustak-forte to be taken one tablet twice a day. At first the effect was positive but on the second day stenocardia attacks resumed. What can explain inefficiency of the prescribed drug? A.Tachyphylaxis B.Sensibilization C.Dependence D.Cumulation E.Idiosyncrasy. 22. A man who has been taking a drug for a long time cannot withhold it because this causes impairment of psychic, somatic and vegetative functions. Name the syndrome of different disturbances caused by drug discontinuation: A. Idiosyncrasy B.Sensibilization C.Tachyphylaxis D.Abstinence E.Cumulation. 23. What is the mechanism of absorption of drug which is lipophilic and unionized? A.Active transport B. Passive diffusion C.Filtration D.Pinocytosis E.Binding to protein. 24. Which route of administration results in 100% bioavailability of drug? A.Oral B.Subcutaneous C.Inhalational D.Intravenous E.Intramuscular. 25. Chloramphenicol is highly toxic in newborn. What is the cause of such toxicity? A.Intensive binding to protein B.Deficiency of metabolizing enzymes in liver C.Penetration into the cell D.Inhibition of protein synthesis E.Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. 26. What is the result of tubular reabsorption of drug? A.Increase in duration of action B. Increase in excretion C. Increase in distribution D. Decrease in duration of action E. Loss of pharmacologic activity. 27. Anticoagulant drug warfarin is bounding to plasma albumin. How its effect can be changed in case of hypoalbuminemia? A.Effect unchanged B.Increased C.Decrease D.Significant delayed onset of effect E.Abolishing of effect. 28. Passive reabsorption from tubular urine (pH of 5) of a drug administered IV would be reduced if the drug were A.A weak base B.A weak acid C.Water soluble D.Protein bound E.None of the above. 29. Patient suffering from angina pectoris was helping himself by sublingual usage of nitroglycerin. One day he used the drug several times. The last use did not relieve his pain. What phenomenon does occur? A. Antagonism B.Tachyphylaxis C.Hypersensitivity D.Cumulation E.Binding to protein. 30. Point out the kind of drug interaction that permits to use one of them in lower dose. A.Antagonism B. Cumulation C.Potentiation D.Tolerance E.Additive synergism. 31. Patient with infection of GIT was treated with antibiotic. Which type of therapy is it? A.Symptomatic B.Pathogenetic C.Ethiotropic D.Replacement E.Stimulating. 32. Alongside with therapeutic effect drugs can cause side effects. In which dose they can occur? A.In overdose B. In therapeutic dose C. In threshold dose D. In subthreshold dose E. At any dose. 33. Patient suffering from gastric peptic ulcer was treated with M-cholinoblocker. What is the mechanism of this drug action? A.Enzymatic B.Receptor C.Direct chemical D.Physicochemical E.Action on ion channels of membrane. 34. A patient with chronic cardiac insufficiency was prescribed digoxin in average therapeutic dose. After 2 weeks of treatment the symptoms of intoxication (bradycardia, extrasystole, nausea) were developed. Point out the phenomenon responsible for intoxication. A.Tachyphilaxis B.Material cumulation C.Idiosyncrasy D.Functional cumulation E.Tolerance. 35. The patient with heart failure was using digitoxin. His condition initially improved, but with time the manifestations of heart failure have increased again, and symptoms of glycoside intoxication apeared. What is the cause of patient's condition worsening? A.Potentiation B.Cumulation C.Tachyphylaxis D.Sensitization E.Idiosyncrazy. 36. Analgesic effect of methamizole(analgin) in the dental pain develops in 0.5 hour and lasts for 1.5-2 hours. Tablets "Piraminal" in the same situation are faster and longer acting. What is the phenomenon responsible for difference in the action of these drugs? A.Chemical antagonism B.Functional antagonism C.Undirectional antagonism D.Potentiation E.Summation. 37. In the elderly patient with symptoms of senile atonic constipation long-term treatment with drug buckthorn has led to a weaking effect. What is this phenomenon? A.Tolerance B.Cumulation C.Sensibilization D.Desensitization E.Tachyphylaxis. 38. During the barbituric anesthesia in a patient respiratory depression occurred. After intravenous injection of 10 ml 0.5% solution of bemegride the patient's condition improved, the volume of pulmonary ventilation inceased. Point out the phenomenon responsible for curative effect of bemegride in this case A.Direct synergisnm B.Undirectional antagonism C.Direct antagonism D.Indirect antagonism E.Indirect synergism. 39. A child of 2 years admitted to the infectious deseases hospital with a diagnosis of bacillary dysentery. What a way of enteral administration of antimicrobial agent polymyxin is the most rational, if child has uncontrollable vomiting? A.Subcutaneous B.Intravenous C.Oral D.Rectal E.Inhaled. 40. In a patient with traumatic brain injury there are such symptoms: the obscured consciousness, inpaired respiration, filiform pulse, absence of reflexes. Which route of drug administration for urgent aid is the most appropriate in this case? A.Rectal B.Intravenous C.Subcutaneous D.Oral E.Inhaled. 41. In poisoning with mushrooms containing muscarine atropine is used as an antidote. Which of the following mechanisms, typical for atropine, leads to the neutralization of the poison mushroom - muscarine? A.Antimetabolic B.Physical and chemical C.Antienzymatic D.Receptor E.Enzymatic. 42. Prolonged use of certain drugs before pregnancy can disrupt fetal development. What is the name of this action? A.Fetotoxic B.Embriotoxic C.Teratogenic D.Mutagenic E.Carcinogenic. 43. With long-term treatment by antipsychotic drugs at therapeutic doses in patient, along with the restoration of the psychic function, some undesired effects such as tension in the skeletal muscles, stiffness of gait, and some autonomic disorders occurred. What the type of drug’s effects should include these? A.Aftereffect B.Overdose C.The main therapeutic effect D.Intoxication E.Side effects 44. After clinical and laboratory examination of a patient with diabetes mellitus insulin was appointed for treatment.What is the type of this therapy? A.Etiotropic B.Replacement C.Pathogenetic D.Symptomatic E.Functional. 45. In order to reduce toothache a patient was recommended to take methamisol (analgin). What the type of pharmacotherapy was used? A.Functional B.Pathogenetic C.Causal D.Substitution E.Symptomatic 46. In 18 years old patient with shoulder phlegmon intramuscular injection of penicillin was made, after which he developed tachycardia, filiform pulse, fall of blood pressure to 80/60 mm Hg. What type of pathological response was originated? A.Potentiation B.Anaphylaxis C.Tolerance D.Antagonism E.Tachyphylaxis. 47. A man got poisoned with mushrooms. They contain muscarine that stimulates muscarinic cholinoreceptors. What symptom is typical for poisoning with inedible mushrooms? A. Miosis B. Mydriasis C. Bronchi dilation D. Heart rate rise E. Arterial pressure rise 48. A patient presented to a hospital with complaints about quick fatigability and significant muscle weakness. Examination revealed an autoimmune disease that causes functional disorder of receptors in the neuromuscular synapses. This will result in the disturbed activity of the following mediator: A. Acetylcholine B. Noradrenaline C. Dopamine D. Serotonin E. Glycine 49. A patient after disrupted cerebral circulation has developed paralysis. Choose the anticholinesterase drug to be prescribed in this case: A. Proserin B. Cordiamin C. Aceclidine D. Methacin E. Hexamethonium (Benzohexonium) 50. On the 2-3 day after stomach resection a patient is still experiencing a failure of intestinal peristalsis. In order to stimulate the motility of gastrointestinal tract the following drug should be administered: A. Proserin B. Prazosin C. Cyclodolum D. Atropine sulphate E. Noradrenaline hydrotartrate 51. In order to reduce salivation before a stomatological procedure a dentist gave his patient 10 drops of 0,1% solution of atropine sulfate perorally. 30 minutes later the patient started complaining of acute pain in the eyeballs, misty vision, headache, palpitation. These symptoms were eliminated by means of the following drug: A. Physostigmine B. Aceclidine C. Cytiton D. Carbacholine E. Phosphacol 52. After a patient had taken a blocking agent, his heart rate (HR) increased. Pressing on the eyeballs didn’t result in the expected reflectory decrease in heart rate. What exactly was blocked by the drug in the pacemaker cells? A. M-cholinergic receptors B. α-adrenergic receptors C. β-adrenergic receptors D. Ca2+-L-type channels E. Fast Na+ channels 53. Patient with complaints of dryness in the mouth, photophobia and disturbances of vision was admitted to the reception-room. Skin is hyperemic and dry, pupils are dilated, tachycardia. Poisoning with belladonna alkaloids was diagnosed on further examination. What medicine should be prescribed as antidote? A.Diazepam B.Prozerin (Neostigmine) C.Atropine D.Pilocarpine E.Dipyroxim. 54. Patient with pin-point pupils, sweating, salivation, abdominal cramps, disturbances in respiration was admitted to the emergency room. Poisoning with what substance is the most likely occurred? A.Non-narcotic analgesics B.Sedatives C.Narcotic analgesics D.М-cholinergic antagonists E.Muscarine 55. A known patient of myasthenia gravis came to you with his disease well controlled by neostigmine; but he asked you to give him drug that needs more rare usage. Choose the necessary drug. A.Physostigmine B.Atropine C.Ambenonium chloride D.Armin E.Pralidoxime. 56. A 49-year old frequent business traveler presents to his physician requesting medication to help him with nausea and dizziness that he gets during turbulent flights. A scolopamine patch is prescribed for his motion sickness. Which of the following is the most likely side effects from this patch? A. Bradycardia B.Diaphoresis C.Diarrhea D.Salivation E.Urinary retention 57. In complex treatment of a child, suffering from cerebral palsy, a doctor decided to include anticholinesterase drug moderately improving mental development. Choose this drug. A.Physostigmine B. Neostigmine (Proserinum) C.Galanthamine D.Pilocarpine E.Lobeline. 58. A patient with complaints of dryness in the mouth, photophobia and vision impairment was admitted in the reception-room. Skin is hyperemic, dry, pupils, are dilated, tachycardia. Poisoning with belladonna alkaloids was diagnosed on further examination. What medicine should be prescribed? A.Armine B.Dipiroxim C.Pilocarpine D.Diazepam E.Prozerin 59. On the 2-3rd day after stomach resection intestinal peristalsis wasn't restored. What is to be administered for stimulation of gastrointestinal tract? A.Atropine sulfate B.Prasosin C.Acetylcholine D.Proserin(Neostigmine) E.Cyclodole. 60. After completion of abdominal surgery conducted with the use of nondepolarizing myoreolaxant, the patient did not restored spontaneous breathing. What kind of drug is able to restore breathing in this case? A.Scopolamine B.Aceclidine C.Pilocarpine D.Neostigmine E.Izonitrozinum. 61. A patient with signs of poisoning by organophosphorus insecticides was delivered to the hospital emergency department What medication should be applied as a first-aid? A.Atropine B.Unitiol C.Panangin D.Chlorpromazine E.Glucose. 62. The patient was taken to the emergency department with complaints of dryness in the mouth, photophobia and blurred vision. On examination hyperemic dry skin, dilated pupils, tachycardia were revealed, and poisoning with belladonna alkaloids was diagnosed. Which of the drugs is advisable to apply? A.Neostigmine B.Pilocarpine C.Dipiroxim D.Diazepam E.Arminum. 63. The patient in the postoperative period to stimulate intestinal motility and tone of the bladder has been appointed agent of a group of anticholinesterase. Identify it among the following products: A.Propranolol (Anaprilin) B.Mannitol C.Reserpine D.Dichlotiazid E.Neostigmine 64. Specify the M-cholinomimetic used for treatment of glaucoma: A.Neostigmine methylsulfate B.Pilocarpine C.Adrenaline D.Norepinephrine E.Phenylephrine (Mesatonum). 65. Which of the following medicines is anticholinesterase agent: A.Clonidine B.Atropine C.Adrenaline D.Acetylcholine E.Neostigmine 66. Which group is pilocarpine? A.M-cholinomimetics B.Anticholinesterase C.Adrenomimetics D.Adrenoblockers E.Cholinoblockers. 67. A patient who takes blocker of membrane cytoreceptors of efferent conductor synapses of autonomic nervous system complains about dry mouth. What receptors are blocked? A. Muscarinic cholinoreceptors B. Nicotinic cholinoreceptors C. H2 -receptors D. α-adrenoreceptors E. β-adrenoreceptors 68. A patient has a spasm of smooth muscles of bronchi. As the first aid it would be physiologically appropriate to inject the patient the antagonists of the following receptors: A. M-cholinoreceptors B. α -adrenoreceptors C. N-cholinoreceptors D. β-adrenoreceptors E. Adenosine receptors 69. In dental practice atropine sulfate is used to decrease salivation. This drug belongs to the following group: A. Muscarinic antagonists B. α-adrenergic agonists C. β-adrenoceptor antagonists D. Ganglionic blockers E. Muscle relaxants 70. A patient complains of dizziness, thirst, difficult swallowing, and impaired vision of close objects. Objectively: respiratory rate is increased, pupils are dilated, general agitation, talkativeness, though the speech is indistinct. BP is 110/70 mm Hg, heart rate is 110/min. Given symptoms can indicate overdosage of the following drug: A. Atropine B. Morphine C. Ephedrine D. Aminazi E. Caffeine 71. A patient has been given atropine sulfate for rapid relief of spastic colon symptoms. The use of this drug is contraindicated during the followng disease: A. Glaucoma B. Bronchial asthma C. Bradycardia D. Hypotension E. Gastric ulcer 72. A patient was taken to a hospital with dizziness, dry mouth, mydriatic pupils, accommodation disorder, tachycardia, difficult urination, intestinal atony. These symptoms might have been caused by overdose of the following drug: A. Atropine sulfate B. Furosemide C. Clonidine D. Captopril E. Prazosin 73. A patient in grave condition has been delivered to the admission ward. Examination revealed pupil mydriasis, no reaction to the light, considerable reddening and dryness of skin and mucous membranes. What drug might have caused the intoxication symptoms? A. Atropine sulphate B. Proserin C. Adrenalin hydrochloride D. Pilocarpine hydrochloride E. Dithylinum 74. A patient was delivered to the admission ward with poisoning with an insecticide of anticholinesterase action. What drug able to block muscarinic cholinoreceptors should be prescribed? A. Atropine sulfate B. Pilocarpine hydrochloride C. Dithylinum D. Benzohexonium E. Mesatonum 75. A patient has applied eye drops containing atropine which resulted in persistent mydriasis. Which muscle was blocked? A. Pupil-contracting B. Pupil-dilating C. Ciliate D. Rectus E. Oblique 76. Curarelike substances (dithylinum) make it impossible for skeletal muscles to contract because they block: A. Neuromuscular synapses B. Central synapses C. Ganglionic synapses  D. Membrane conduction of excitement E. Proprioceptors 77. During an operation a patient got injection of muscle relaxant dithylinum. Relaxation of skeletal muscles and inhibition of respiration lasted two hours. This condition was caused by absence of the following enzyme in blood serum: A. Butyrylcholin esterase B. Catalase C. Acetylcholinesterase D. Glucose 6-phosphatase E. Glutathione peroxidase 78. The first-aid center has received a victim of a traffic accident diagnosed with closed displaced racture of the middle third of the thigh. For repositioning of bone fragments the patient received 10 ml of 2% dithylinum solutionin travenously, which resulted in prolonged period of apnoea and musclerelaxation.What enzyme is deficient, resultingin such pharmacogenetic enzymopathy? A. Pseudocholinesterase B. Uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase C. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase D. Methemoglobinreductase E. N-acetyltransferase 79. A patient had to go through an operation. Doctors introduced him dithylinum (listenone) and performed intubation. After the end of operation and cessation of anesthesia the independent respiration wasn't restored. Which enzyme deficit prolongs the action of muscle relaxant? A. Pseudocholinesterase B. Succinate dehydrogenase C. Carbanhydrase D. N-acetyltransferase E. K-Na-adenosine triphosphatase 80. A patient with dislocated jaw was given a short-acting muscle relaxant by a doctor. Name this drug: A. Dithylinum (Suxamethonium chloride) B. Procaine C. Cytitonum (Cytisine) D. Papaverine hydrochloride E. Pyridostigmine hydrobromide 81. A patient with limb fracture should be prescribed a depolarizing muscle relaxant for brief surgical invasion. Name this drug: A. Dithylinum B. Azamethonium bromide (Pentaminum) C. Cytisinum (Cytitonum) D. Tubocurarin chloride E. Atropine sulfate 82. During a surgery, the anesthesiologist used a ganglionic blocker for controlled hypotension. What drug was given the patient in this case? A. Hygronium B. Benzohexonium C. Pirilenum D. Pentaminum E. Pachycarpinum 83. Teenager with fracture of hand was presented to the emergency room. To perform reposition of fractured bones it was necessary to relax skeletal muscle. For this purpose myorelaxant causing sustained depolarization of the post junctional membrane was administered. Which of the following agents was used? A.Pancuronium B.Atracurium C.D-tubocurarine D.Succinylcholine E.Millectine. 84. Patient suffering from gastric peptic ulcer was treated with cholinotropic drug selectively blocking M1 cholinoceptors of parietal gastric glands. Point out this drug? A.Atropine B.Plathyphylline C.Metacine D.Pirenzepine E.Hyoscine (scopolamine). 85. A patient given succinylcholine for skeletal muscle relaxation during an operation, is not recovered for the last 1 hour. What must be used to restore spontaneous respiration? A.Carbogen B.Lobelin C.Neostigmine D.Blood transfusion E.Caffeine. 86. A 59 year old man develops excessive salivation and sweating, diarrhea, and bradycardia while being treated with neostigmine for myasthenia gravis. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy for these symptoms and signs? A.Atropine B.Carbachol C.Edrophonium D.Epinephrine E.Pralidoxime. 87. A patient with symptoms of phosphorganic poisoning was taken to emergency department. Which of the following drugs mast be used as a drug of first aid? A.Unithyolum B.Potassium chloride C.Atropine D.Chlorpromazine (Aminazine) E.Glucose. 88. After abdominal surgery performed under general anaesthesia with non- depolarizing myorelaxant spontaneous respiration was not restored. Which of the following drugs is to be used as an antidote of non-depolarizing myorelaxant? A.Aceclidinum B.Pilocarpin C.Neostigmine (Proserin) D.Hyascine E.Isonitrosine. 89. For testing refraction of eye atropine was instilled into conjunctival sac. On completion of the procedure another cholinergic drug was used to counteract mydriasis and cycloplegia, caused by atropine. Point this drug. A.Pilocarpine B.Lobeline C.Hyoscine (Scopolamine) D.Phenylephrine (Mesatonum) E.Pirenzepine. 90. Administration of pirenzepine in patients with gastric peptic ulcer is not accompanied by numerous side effects characteristic for atropine and other M-cholinoblckers due to A. Inability to penetrate through blood brain barrier B.Selective inhibition of M1 –cholinoceptors C.Inhibition of all types of M –cholinoceptors D.Inhibition of cholinesterase E.Significant protein binding. 91. It is known that administration of tubocurarine during surgery can enhance the development of postoperative paralytic ileus. What is the mechanism of this side effect of tubocurarine? A.Inhibition of M –cholinoceptors B. Inhibition of cholinesterase C.Ganglion blocking activity D.Stimulation of M –cholinoceptors E.Stimulation of both M – and N-cholinoceptors. 92. A 50-year-old male farm worker has been brought to the emergency room. He was found confused in the orchard and since then has remained unconscious. His heart rate is 45 and his blood pressure is 80/40 mm Hg. He is sweating and salivating profusely. Which of the following should be prescribed? A.Pentamine B.Norepinephrine C.Physostigmine D.Atropine E.Proserine. 93. Introduction of a pharmaceutical substance to an experimental animal resulted in reduction of salivation, pupil mydriasis. Next intravenous introduction of acetylcholine didn't lead to any significant changes of heart rate. Name this substance: A.Proserin B.Atropine C.Propranolol D.Adrenaline E.Salbutamol. 94. A patient had to go through an operation. Doctors introduced him dithylinum (listenone) and performed intubation. After the end of operation and cessation of anesthesia the independent respiration wasn't restored. Which enzyme deficit prolongs the action of muscle relaxant? A.Pseudocholinesterase B.K-Na-adenosine triphosphatase C.N - acetyltransferase D.Succinate dehydrogenase E.Carbanhydrase. 95. A patient with fracture of his lower jaw was admitted to the maxillofacial department. It was decided to fix his bones surgically under anaesthetic. After intravenous introduction of muscle relaxant there arose short fibrillar contractions of the patient's facial muscles. What muscle relaxant was applied? A.Dithylinum B.Pipecuronium bromide C.Diazepam D.Melictine E.Tubocurarin chloride. 96. If a man has an attack of bronchiospasm it is necessary to reduce the effect of vagus on smooth muscles of bronchi. What membrane cytoreceptors should be blocked for this purpose? A.M-cholinoreceptors B.beta-adrenoreceptors C.alfa- and beta-adrenoreceptors D.alfa-adrenoreceptors E.N-cholinoreceptors. 97. The patient with bronchial asthma uses inhaled form M - holinoblocker. In this case, as a rule, characteristic side effects such as blurred, constipation tachycardia do not appear. Point out the drug that patient uses. A.Platifillin B.Atropine C.Metacin D.Ipratropium Bromide E.Pirenzepine. 98. The drug selectively blocking M1 - cholinergic receptors was assigned to patient suffering from gastric peptic ulcer. What this drug is? A.Pirenzepine B.Atropine C.Platyphylline D.Methacinum E.Scopolamine. 99. Dentist in order to reduce salivation during the filling of the tooth prescribed the drug to the patient. What the medicine was prescribed? A.Adrenalin hydrochloride B.Phenylephrine (Mezaton) C.Neostigmine D.Pilocarpine hydrochloride E.Atropine sulfate 100. Introduction of the drug in experimental animals decreases salivation, dilates pupils, and on the subsequent intravenous injection of acetylcholine heart rate did not change significantly. Specify the name of the substance: A.Propranolol (Anaprilin) B.Neostigmine methylsulfate C.Adrenaline D.Salbutamol E.Atropine 101. Dithylinum was injected to the patient before surgery and intubation was performed. After the operation, and termination of anesthesia spontaneous breathing was not restored. Deficiency of which enzyme is responsible for prolongation of this muscle relaxant action? A.Carbonic anhydrase B.Pseudocholinesterase C.Succinate dehydrogenase D.K-Na-ATPase E.N-acetyltransferase. 102. The preparation of the depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents should be assign to the patient with a broken limb for short-lasting surgical procedure. Choose the drug. A.Atropine sulfate B.Pentamin C.Dithylinum D.Cytitonum E.Tubocurarine chloride. 103. In a patient with myasthenia after the treatment with neostigmine nausea, diarrhea, and hypersalivation appeared. Point out the drug to eliminate these side effects. A.Atropine Sulfate B.Phenylephrine (Mezaton) C.Physostigmine D.Isoprenaline E.Pyridostigmine bromide. 104. In the patient with a forearm injury during the bone repositioning Dithylinum was used for muscle relaxation. Full recovery of muscle tone and function took more than an hour. What can be the cause of significant lengthening of the drug’s action? A. Genetic deficiency of monoamine oxidase B. Genetic deficiency of butyrylcholinesterase C.Inhibition of microsomal oxidation D.Genetic deficiency of hydroxylase E.Formation of the active metabolite. 105. During introduction of local anesthesia a patient has gone into anaphylactic shock. What drug must be administered to the patient? A. Epinephrine hydrochloride B. Diazepam C. Atropine sulfate D. Propranolol E. Nitroglycerin 106. Condition of a patient with diabetes mellitus sharply deteriorated after a regular injection of insulin. The patient became anxious and broke out in cold sweat; tremor of the extremities, general weakness, and dizziness appeared. What medicine can remove these symptoms? A. Adrenaline B. Tolbutamide C. Caffeine D. Noradrenaline E. Glibutid (Bufo min) 107. In a surgical department of a stomatological polyclinic a patient is being prepared for tooth extraction. What drug should be added to the solution of a local anaesthetic in order to prolong its action? A. Adrenalin hydrochloride B. Noradrenaline hydrotartrate C. Isadrine D. Salbutamol E. Octadine 108. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are widely used in clinics as psychopharmacological drugs. They change the level of the following neurotransmitter in the synapses: A. Norepinephrine B. Acetylcholine C. ATP D. Substance P E. L-glutamate 109. A patient with arterial hypertension has developed a bronchial asthma attack. Which of the following bronchodilators may provoke a hypertensive crisis? A. Ephedrine hydrochloride B. Salbutamol C. Aminophylline D. Berotec E. Isadrine 110. A 58-year-old patient with essential hypertension complains about general health deterioration. She has been administered methyldopa. Specify the mechanism of this drug action: A. Inhibtion of noradrenaline synthesis B. Increase in acetylcholine synthesis C. Blockade of α-adrenergic receptors D. Blockade of β-adrenergic receptors E. Inhibition of angiotensin-converting factor 111. A patient in a collaptoid state has been given an injection of mesatonum for the correction of blood pressure. What is the mechanism of this drug action? A. It stimulates α-adrenergic receptors B. It stimulates β-adrenergic receptors C. It blocks α-adrenergic receptors D. It blocks β-adrenergic receptors E. It stimulates α- and β-adrenergic receptors 112. During a visit to a dentist a patient has developed collapse. What drug can be applied to manage this situation? A. Mesaton B. Strophanthine C. Propanolol D. Nitroglycerine E. Seduxen 113. Due to overdosage of a vasodilator a 58-year-old patient has developed acute vascular insufficiency. What drug would be advisable for termination of this pathological condition? A. Mesaton (Phenylephrine) B. Euphyllin (Aminophylline) C. Dopamine D. Cordiamin E. Aethimizolum (Methylamide) 114. A 45-year-old patient with essential hypertension, who has been taking an antihypertensive drug for 4 days, notes that his blood pressure is normalized; however the patient complains of sleepiness and sluggishness. What drug is the patient taking? A. Clophelin (Clonidine) B. Prazosin C. Captopril D. Enalapril  E. Apressin (Hydralazine) 115. A doctor has prescribed clonidine for rapid relief of hypertensic crisis. What group does this drug belong to according to its mechanism of action? A. Central α2-adrenoceptor agonist B. α-adrenergic blocking agent C. Nonselective α-adrenoceptor agonist D. Selective α1-adrenoceptor agonist E. Selective β1-adrenergic blocking agent 116. A patient was administered clonidine to be taken parenterally in case of abrupt rise of arterial pressure. What is its mechanism of action? A. Stimulation of central α2- adrenoreceptors B. Block of nicotinic cholinoreceptors of ganglia C. Block of α1- and α2-adrenoreceptors D. Block of α1-adrenoreceptors E. Stimulation of central imidazole-1 receptors 117. A patient with acute heart failure refractory to cardiac glycosides was given an injection of dobutamine. What is the mechanism of action of this drug? A. Stimulation of β1-adrenergic receptors B. Complexation with membrane phospholipids C. Inhibition of K+, Na+- ATPase D. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity E. Increase of n.vagus tonus 118. A patient with bronchial asthma has been administered inhalations of 0,5% isadrin solution. This helped to relieve bronchiospasms but the patient started complaining of heart pain and palpitation. What is the cause of these presentations? A. β1-adrenoreceptor stimulation B. β2-adrenoreceptor stimulation C. α-adrenoreceptor stimulation D. M-cholinoreceptor activation E. Inhibition of acetylcholine synthesis 119. A 38-year-old woman developed an attack of bronchial asthma. What bronchial spasmolytic for emergency medical aid is a beta-2-adrenergic agonist? A. Salbutamol B. Adrenaline C. Ipratropium bromide D. Platyphyllin E. Atropine 120. A 60-year-old patient with a history of bronchial asthma has had several attacks during the day. What is the optimal drug to be used for their prevention? A. Salbutamol B. Isadrinum C. Adrenaline hydrochloride D. Dobutamine E. Methacinum 121. Being at the dentist’s a patient had an attack of bronchial asthma. The dentist applied a β2- adrenomimetic drug in form of inhalations. What drug was applied? A. Salbutamol B. Aminophylline  C. Adrenaline hydrochloride D. Atropine sulfate E. Ephedrine hydrochloride 122. A patient with bronchial asthma has developed a bronchial spasm during the visit to a dentist. Name the drug necessary to arrest the spasm: A. Salbutamol B. Naphthizin C. Mesaton (Phenylephrine) D. Anaprilin (Propranolol) E. Bisoprolol 123. A 42-year-old woman has been administered propranolol for the ischemic heart disease. Yet she has been found to have a disease in case of which the use of propranolol is contra-indicated. What disease is it? A. Bronchial asthma B. Cholecystitis C. Arterial hypertension D. Duodenal ulcer E. Myasthenia 124. A patient had an attack of bronchial asthma in the dentist’s office. The attack was arrested by salbutamol. This drug relates to the following group of therapeutic agents: A. β2-adrenomimetics B. α-adrenomimetics C. β1-2-adrenomimetics D. Sympatholytics E. α-β-adrenomimetics 125. A patient with bronchial asthma is administered inhalation of 0,5 percent isadrine solution. Bronchospasm was relieved but the patient began complaining of pain in the heart region and palpitation. It is connected with the stimulation of : A. alpha one – adrenoreceptros B. Beta two – adrenoreceptros C. Beta one – adrenoreceptros D.Acetylchloline synthesis E.M-chlolinoceptors. 126. Spasm of smooth muscle of bronchi developed in the patient. Usage of activators of what membrane cytoreceptors is physiologically valid to decrease attack? A.alpha-аdrenoreceptors B.beta-adrenoreceptors C.alpha-and- beta-аdrenoreceptors D.N-cholinoreceptors E.М-cholinoreceptors. 127. In the treatment of patient suffering from congestive heart failure resistant to digitalis adrenomimetic was used as inotropic agent. Point out which of the following drugs was administered. A.Phenylephrine B.Partusisten C.Dobutamine D.Xylometazoline E.Naphazoline. 128. 63 years patient with symptoms of collapse was admitted into emergency department. Doctor has chosen noradrenaline to overcome collapse. What mechanism is responsible for therapeutic effect of this drug? A.Activation of alfa1 receptors B.Activation of beta adrenoceptors C.Activation of dopaminergic receptors D.Blockade of M –cholinoceptors E.Activation of serotonin receptors.. 129. To perform fundoscopy ophthalmologist instilled in the eye an agent capable of causing mydriasis without cycloplegia. Point out this agent. A. Phenylephrine (Mesatonum) B. Noradrenaline C.Atropine D.Pilocarpine E.Isoprenaline (Isadrinum). 130. A patient with bronchial asthma addresses his doctor with complaints about unpleasant palpitations that occur after usage of inhalation form of isoprenaline (isadrinum).What is the cause of this side effect? A.stimulation of alfa1– adrenoceptros B.stimulation of alfa2– adrenoceptros C.stimulation of beta1– adrenoceptros D.stimulation of beta2– adrenoceptros E.inhibition of M-chlolinoceptors. 131. A patient with moderate hypertension was treated with the drug that realizes its effect by decrease in noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerve endings. While treatment patient experienced drowsiness. What the drug was used? A.Prazosin B.Reserpin C.Drotaverine D.Atenolol E.Dichlorothiazide. 132. Surgical treatment of benign tumor of prostate in 67- year patient was postponed instead pharmacotherapy with adrenergic drag was started. Point out which of the drugs was most probably used. A.Adrenaline B.Ephedrine C.Prazosine D.Propranolol (Anaprilinum) E.Atenolol. 133. At the doctor's the dentist- surgeon injected 1% - procaine for conduction anesthesia. It caused the change in patient’s condition: the skin was covered with sticky and cold sweat, the pulse became almost impalpable, breathing became rare and weak. Realizing that anaphylactic shock is originated, a doctor immediately introduced intravenously drug that promptly improved the patient's condition. Which of the following drugs can be used for first aid in severe allergic reactions? A.Ipratropium bromide B.Labetalol C.Fenoterol D.Adrenaline E.Dobutamine. 134. A patient with heart failure, resistant to cardiac glycosides was admitted to hospital. A doctor appointed adrenomimetic as inotropic (cardiotonic) drug. Which of these adrenomimetic has inotropic (cardiotonic) action? A.Dobutamine B.Phenylephrine (Mezaton) C.Naphazoline D.Fenoterol E.Halazolin. 135. The patient went to the doctor for medical examination. In the queue while waiting an attack of asthma originated. Which group of drugs is advisable to use to provide first aid? A.N - cholinomimetics B.Sympathomimetics C.Beta-adrenomimetics D.Beta-adrenoblockers E.M - cholinomimetics. 136. In anesthetic practice adrenaline is usually added to the local anesthetics to prolong analgesia and reduce side effects. What the effect of adrenaline contributes to this? A.Reducing the sensitivity of pain receptors B.Constriction of blood vessels C.Increase in peripheral resistance D.Stimulation of the antinociceptive system E.CNS depression. 137. In the course of therapy of a patient a number of complications such as mydriasis, tachycardia, and increased blood pressure have occurred. Which of the listed drugs can cause such side effects? A.Propranolol (Anaprilin) B.Adrenaline C.Phentolamine D.Isoprenaline E.Norepinephrine. 138. A pregnant woman with a danger of abortion is admitted to obstetric department. Which of these drugs should be applied to save the pregnancy? A.Salbutamol B.Oxytocin C.Neostigmine methylsulfate D.Dinoproston E.Quinine. 139. An ambulance was called to women 28 years old in connection with an attack of asthma. After intramuscular injection of ephedrine her condition was improved. However, after 49 minutes the attack was repeated, ephedrine injected once more acted weaker, in the third attack of bronchospasm that occurred in half an hour, ephedrine did not cause any effect.What is the name of this phenomenon? A.Addiction B.Biotransformation C.Elimination D.Adsorption E.Tachyphylaxis 140. In a patient during a visit to the dentist an acute hypotension occurred. Which of the drugs that stimulate adrenergic structures should be used to normalize blood pressure? A.Naphazoline B.Xylometazoline C.Phenylephrine (Mezaton) D.Ergotamine E.Doxozasin. 141. A patient suffering from ciliary arrhythmia with anamnesis of bronchial asthma should be prescribed an antiarrhythmic drug. What antiarrhythmic drug is CONTRAINDICATED in this case? A. Anaprilin (Propranolol) B. Ajmaline C. Verapamil D. Nifedipine E. Novocainamide (Procainamide) 142. A 42-year-old woman has been administered propranolol for the ischemic heart disease. Yet she has been found to have a concomitant condition that renders propranolol to be contraindicated. What disease is it? A. Bronchial asthma B. Arterial hypertension C. Cholecystitis D. Duodenal ulcer E. Myasthenia 143. A patient with essential hypertension was admitted to the cardiological department. In order to lower arterial pressure a doctor prescribed a drug that blocks β1 and β2-adrenoreceptors. What drug is it? A. Propranolol B. Proserin C. Celecoxib D. Prednisolone E. Indometacin 144. The patient with a history of asthma have developed atrial fibrillation, that requires agent appointment. Which of the listed antiarrhythmic drug is contraindicated in this case? A.Nifedipine B.Verapamil C.Propranolol (Anaprilin) D.Procainainamide E.Ajmaline. 145. A patient with fibrillation, who has had bronchial asthma in his anamnesis, should be administered antiarrhythmic drug. Which preparation from the suggested group is contraindicated for this patient? A.Ajimaline B.Verapamil C.Novocainamide D.Nifedipine E.Propranolol (Anapriline ) 146. Doctor prescribed selective alfa1-adrenoceptor blocker for treatment of hypertensive patient. Which of the following drugs belongs to this group? A. Metoprolol B. Phentolamine C.Cordarone D.Tropaphan E.Doxazosine 147. Patient with angina pectoris was treated with drug decreasing oxygen demands of myocardium. While treatment, patient starts to complain of extremities coldness especially fingers. Which of the drug was used? A. Atenolol B. Propanol (anaprilin) C. Reserpine D.Prazosin E.Labetalol. 148. Patient with Raynaud disease was treated with phentolamine. What is the mechanism of action of this drug? A. Blockade of B-adrenoceptors B. Blockade of alpha adrenoceptors C. Decrease in neurotransmitter amount D.D Stimulation of central alpha2 adrenoceptors E.Blockade of central M-cholinoceptors. 149. Patient with initial form of hypertension complains of pain in heart and tachycardia. Which of the following drugs has to be used in the treatment of this patient A.Phentolamine B.Dihydroergotamine C.Propranolol (Anaprilin) D.Prazosin E.Guanethidine(Octadinum). 150. Patient having in the past episodes of bronchial asthma addressed doctor with angina pectoris. Doctor decided to treat patient with B-adrenoblocker. Which of B-adrenoblocker is not contraindicated in this case? A.Anapriline(Propranolol) B.Atenolol C.Oxprenolol D.Pindolol E.Nadolol. 151. For treatment of hypertensive patient doctor prescribed antiadrenergic drug, first administration of which in therapeutic dose caused “first dose syncope”. Which drug was most probably used? A. Metoprolol B.Atenolol C.Prazosin D.Reserpin E.Propranolol. 152. A 43 year-old male patient is suffering from hypertension. His blood pressure was successfully controlled by monotherapy with adrenoblocker. With time treatment was complicated with diarrhoea and impotence. The patient addressed his doctor and the drug was changed for another adrenoblocker. Which of adrenoblockers can cause above listed side effects? A.Metoprolol B. Salbutamol C.Propranolol D.Dobutamine E.Prazosin 153. Doctor prescribed selective alfa1-adrenoceptor blocker for treatment of hypertensive patient. Which of the following drugs belongs to this group? A.Metoprolol B.Phentolamine C.Cordarone D.Tropaphan E.Prazosin 154. A 62-year-old patient, prone to bronchoconstriction, addressed his doctor with complaints of tachyarrhythmia troubling him several times a day. The doctor prescribed anaprilin (propranolol). Administration of drug provoked severe attack of bronchospasm. What is the mechanism of this side effect? A.Stimulation of M1- cholinoceptors B.Inhibition of alfa-adrenoceptors C.Inhibition of beta2 - adrenoceptors D.Increase in n. vagus tone E.Stimulation of leukotriene release. 155. A young woman with 6 months pregnancy visited her doctor complaining of periodical slight contractions of uterus. To prevent premature labour doctor prescribed partusisten (fenoterol). What is the mechanism of action of this drug? A. Stimulation of beta2 - adrenoceptors B.Inhibition of beta2 - adrenoceptors C.Stimulation of alfa1 - adrenoceptors D.Inhibition of alfa1 - adrenoceptors E.Stimulation of M-cholinoceptors. 156. The patient with the initial form of hypertension complains of pain in the heart and tachycardia. Which of the following drugs should be used in the treatment of this patient? A.Prazosin B. Phentolamine C.Dihydroergotamine D.Propranolol (Anaprilin) E.Reserpine. 157. A doctor prescribed the drug to the patient with hypertension. The drug is acting by selective block of alpha 1 - adrenergic receptors. What the drug was prescribed? A. Metoprolol B.Doxazosin C.Phentolamine D.Propranolol (Anaprilin) E.Reserpine. 158. The patient in case of angina chest pain regularly takes nitroglycerin, however, recently angina pectoris complicated by extrasystoles and episodes of bronchospasm. Which of beta - blockers better to appoint for such a patient? A.Timolol B. Propranolol (Anaprilin) C.Oxprenolol D.Atenolol E.Nadolol. 159. Patients with essential hypertension (stage II) used one of antihypertensive drugs. After a while blood pressure decreased, but the patient began to complain of fatigue, sleepiness, apathy. Later on, a pain in the stomach occurred, and gastric peptic ulcer was diagnosed. What the drug was used? A. Reserpine B.Verapamil C.Captopril D.Dibazol E.Furosemide. 160. A patient with ischemic heart disease was admitted to cardiology department. To prevent attacks of angina pains drug of beta-1adrenoblockers was assigned. Name this drug: A.Metoprolol B. Morphine hydrochloride C.Furosemide D.Oxytocin E.Atropine sulfate. 161. Note the non-selective beta-blocker. A.Mezatonum B.Atenolol C.Adrenaline D.Salbutamol E.Propranolol (Anaprilin) 162. The patient with hypertension was appointed cardioselective beta-blocker. Which drug is assigned to the patient? A.Reserpine B.Propranolol (Anaprilin) C.Metoprolol D.Atropine E.Adrenaline. 163. To patient with a tachyarrhythmia doctor prescribed a beta-blocker. Enter the drug. A.Adrenaline B.Propranolol (Anaprilin) C.Atropine D.Isoprenaline E.Salbutamol. 164. The patient suffering from angina takes a selective beta-adrenoblocker. Enter the drug. A.Metoprolol B.Prazosin C.Atropine D.Pilocarpine E.Propranolol (Anaprilin). 165. Dentists commonly practice local anaesthetization by applying novocaine solution with 0,1% adrenalin solution. The added adrenalin induces: A. Local vasoconstriction B. Local vasodilatation C. Arterial pressure drop D. Decrease in vascular resistance E. Arterial pressure rise 166. Novocaine acts as an anesthetic by making nerve fibers unable to conduct stimulation. What mechanism of action regarding membrane’s permeability to ions does this drug have? A. Sodium ion-selective channels blockade B. Potassium ion-selective channels blockade C. Calcium ion-selective channels blockade D. Sodium-potassium pump blockade E. Sodium-proton pump blockade 167. Before the infiltration anaesthesia a patient had been tested for sensitivity to novocaine. The reaction turned out to be positive. Which of the below listed drugs can be used for anaesthetization in this case? A. Lidocaine B. Procainamide hydrochloride C. Trimecaine D. Anesthezin E. Tetracaine 168. A patient has developed paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia against the background of cardiac infarction.What antiarrhythmic drug should be chosen to avoid lowering cardiac output? A. Lidocaine hydrochloride B. Procainamide C. Verapamil D. Propranolol E. Potassium chloride 169. To perform conduction anesthesia a patient had been administered a drug used in dental surgery. The patient developed the symptoms of poisoning: central nervous system excitation followed by paralysis and acute cardiovascular insufficiency (collapse). Additionally there were allergic reactions (itching, swelling, erythema). Name this drug: A. Lidocaine B. Suxamethonium chloride C. Thiopental sodium D. Tubocurarin chloride E. Pipecuronium bromide 170. To lance abscess doctor performed local anesthesia with therapeutic dose of anesthetic, but it was not sufficient. What was the cause of decrease in anesthetic effect? A. Quick absorption of drug B. Quick metabolism of anesthetic C. Alkaline medium D. Acidic pH of tissues E. Neutral medium. 171. Surgeon is going to perform the operation under local anaesthesia. The probable duration of operation is more than 2 hours. In past patient was complaining for ventricular extrasystole. Which anaesthetic is reasonable to chose for local anaesthesia? A.Tetracaine(decaine) B.Procaine(novocaine) C.Benzocaine(anaesthesine) D.Trimecaine E.Cocaine. 172. Dentist revealed that his patient is suffering from hypersensitivity to procaine. Which of the following agents may be used for local anaesthesia? A.Benzocaine(anaesthesine) B.Piromecaine C.Dicaine(tetracaine) D.Lidocaine E.Cocaine. 173. Which of the listed drugs is usually added to local anaesthetic to prolong its action and to decrease toxicity? A.Noradrenaline B.Ephedrine C.Adrenaline D.Reserpine E.Atropine. 174. A 25-year-old woman with red and itchy eczematoid dermatitis visits your office, She had a dental procedure one day earlier with administration of a local anesthetic. There were no other findings, although she indicated that she had a history of allergic reactions. Which of the following drugs is most likely involved? A.Procaine B.Etidocaine C.Bupivacaine D.Cocaine E.Lidocaine. 175. For the patient with gastroenteritis doctor prescribed preparation of tannin derivative with anti-inflammatory effect on the basis of the astringent mechanism. Which of the following drugs was prescribed? A.Bismuth subnitrat B.Tannin C.Xeroform D.Tanalbin E.De-nol. 177. Patient 75 years old suffers from chronic constipation. What the drug of a group of emollients can be assigned to this patient? A.Senna leaf B.Phenolphtalein C.Neostigmine D.Magnesium sulfate (enterally) E.Camphor spirit. 178. Bed sores appeared in patient on strict bed regiment. What the irritating drug was prescribed by physician to improve blood circulation in the area of bed sores A.Camphor spirit B.Vishnevsky’s ointment C.Wilkinson's ointment D.A solution of potassium permanganate E.Talc. 179. A child with acute poisoning with datura seeds doctor prescribed oral usage of activated charcoal. Specify the mechanism of its action. A. Adsorptions alkaloids on the surface B. Insoluble salts formation C. Block of sensory receptors of the stomach D. Precipitation of proteins on the surface of gastric mucous membrane E.Formation of protective layer of the colloid on the mucous membranes. 180. The drug from the group covering agents with antacid effect was prescribed to patients with gastric ulcer. Which of the following medications was prescribed? A. Tannin B. Decoction of oak bark C.Almagel D.Infusion of sage leaves E.Bismuth subnitrate. 181. Athlete has a sharp muscular pain in the back after training. What the irritating drug is helpful in this case? A.The turpentine oil B.A solution of menthol C.Ammonia D.Validol E.Chloroform. 182. Gastric lavage with a solution of tannin was performed to the patient with alkaloid poisoning. What the concentration of tannin solution should be used for this purpose? A.0.5% B.0.1% C.0,01 D.0,05 E.0,1. 183. The patient suffers from hemorrhoids. For pain relief doctor prescribed rectal suppositories with local anesthetic. Point out anesthetic used in this dosage form. A.Cocaine B.Tetracaine C.Novocaine D.Trimekaine E.Benzocaine (Anestesin) 184. Doctor applied paste with benzocaine to reduce the itching of the forearm skin. Due to which of the following properties of benzocaine it is used in soft dosage form? A. Good absorption B. Poor solubility C. The high degree of distribution D. The good solubility E.Inadequate absorption. 185. The patient will have surgery on the limbs of more than 2 hours duration, which anesthetist plans to hold under local anesthesia. Which of the following drugs should be selected for long- term conduction anesthesia? A.Novocaine B.Cocaine C.Tetracaine D.Benzocaine E.Lidocaine 186. To anaesthetize the manipulation connected with burn surface treatment, a patient was intravenously injected a medication for short-acting narcosis.1 minute later the patient being under anesthesia had elevated blood pressure, tachycardia, increased tone of skeletal muscles; the reflex were reversed. After awakening the patient had disorientation and the visual hallucination. What medicine was injected to the patient? A. Sombrevin B.Thiopental sodium C.Nitrous oxide D.Ketamine E.Diethyl ether. 187. The anaesthetic used along with halothane to give excellent analgesia and rapid induction is A.Nitrous oxide B. Thiopental C.Desflurane D.Propofol E.Choroform. 188. anaesthetize the manipulation related to burn surface treatment, a patient was intravenously injected a medication for short-acting narcosis. 1 minute later the patient being under anaesthesia had increased blood pressure, tachycardia, increased tone of sceletal muscles reflexes remained. After awakening the patient had desorientation and visual hallucinations. What medication was the patient injected? A.Nitrous oxide B.Thiopental sodium C.Ketamine D.Diethyl ether E.Sombrevin. 189. Dental surgeon made tooth extraction in a patient under general anesthesia. Which of the following medications can be used in this case for short-term noninhalation general anesthesia? A.Ketamine B.Predion C.Thiopental sodium D.Halothane E.Nitrogen oxide. 190. To make the treatment of burn surface painless intravenous general anesthetic for short- term anesthesia was injected to patient. Anesthesia developed in 1 minute during anesthesia increase in blood pressure, tachycardia, increase in tone of skeletal muscles have occurred. On the recovery from anesthesia patient experienced disorientation and visual hallucinations. What is the drug entered the patient? A.Ether for anesthesia B.Sombrevin C.Ketamine D.Thiopental sodium E.Nitrous oxide. 200. To do a biopsy of breast tumors in 35 years old woman analgesia is required. What type anesthesia should be used? A.Potentiated anesthesia with muscle relaxants B.Combined mixed anesthesia C.Neurolept-analgesia D.Basic anesthesia (Na-hydroxybutyrate) E.Inhalation anesthesia. 201. A 28 years old woman addressed the dentist about dental prosthetics. Because she is allergic to local anesthetics, dental treatment was necessary to carry out under general anesthesia. Which general anesthetic drug should be used for this purpose, taking into consideration short duration of manipulation? A.Sodium hydroxybutyrate B.Ketamine C.Thiopental D.Halothane E.Hexobarbital (Hexenalum). 202. To anesthetize the procedure of taking a biopsy in patient a drug that causes a fast anesthesia lasting about 5 minutes was injected intravenously. During anesthesia there were involuntary movements, slight decrease in blood pressure, short-term respiratory arrest, which was quickly restored. What kind of drug was used? A.Halothane B.Ketamine C.Predion D.Propanidid E.Sodium hydroxybutyrate. 203. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures with loss of consciousness were periodically occurring in a patient after an injury; these seizures were followed by a general depression of central nervous system. What the drug should be assign to prevent seizures? A.Trihexyphenidyl (Cyclodolum) B.Midantan C.Levodopa D.Disilfiram (Teturam) E.Phenobarbital 204. Identify the drug that has sedative, hypnotic, anesthetic, anti-hypoxic, myorelaxant actions and it is used as general anesthetic and hypnotic. A. Sodium hydroxybutyrate B. Hexobarbital C.Chloral hydrate D.Diazepam E.Thiopental sodium. 205. The patient takes disulfiram (teturam). What is the indication for use of this drug? A.Psychosis B.Preparation for surgery C.Fear and anxiety D.Neurosis E.Alcoholism 206. After parenteral introduction of a medication a patient fell into a coma. He had Cheyne- Stokes respiration, apparently miotic pupils. The patellar reflex was preserved. What medication might have caused the intoxication? A. Morphine hydrochloride B. Aminazine C. Diazepam D. Analgine E. Phenobarbital 207. Due to severe pain syndrome a patient has been prescribed a narcotic analgesic. Specify the prescribed drug: A. Morphine B. Analgin (Metamizole) C. Nimesulid D. Dimexid  E. Indometacin 208. A patient with urolithiasis has developed severe pain attacks. For pain shock prevention he was administered an antispasmodic narcotic analgesic along with atropine. Name this drug: A. Promedol B. Nalorphine C. Tramadol D. Ethylmorphine hydrochloride E. Morphine hydrochloride 209. A patient with a severe maxillofacial trauma has been delivered to the emergency department. What drug should be given this patient to relieve pain shock? A. Promedol B. Sydnocarb C. Ibuprofen D. Pantogam E. Mydocalm 210. A patient has been diagnosed with transmural myocardial infarction. What drug should be given in order to prevent cardiogenic shock? A. Promedol B. Reserpin C. Octadine D. Phentolamine E. Analgin 211. A 4-year-old child was admitted to an orthopaedic department with displaced shin fracture. Bone fragments reposition requires analgesia. What drug should be chosen? A. Promedol B. Analgin C. Morphine hydrochloride D. Panadol E. - 212. A patient with myocardium infarction was delivered to the resuscitation department. What drug should be injected to the patient for prophylaxis of pain shock? A. Promedol B. Analgin C. Paracetamol D. Celecoxib E. Naloxone 213. A patient was admitted to a surgical department for an operation. He has to undergo neuroleptanalgesia. To achieve neuroleptanalgesia it would be rational to combine fentanyl with the following medicine: A. Droperidol B. Cholosasum C. Salbutamol D. Pilocarpine E. Fraxiparine 214. A patient with myocardium infarction was admitted to the cardiological department. In order to relieve his pain it was decided to potentiate action of fentanyl by a certain neuroleptic. What is the most suitable neuroleptic for neuroleptanalgesia?  A. Droperidol B. Aminazine C. Triftazine D. Haloperidol E. Sulpiride 215. A patient with a malignant neoplasm on the upper jaw had been administered morphine hydrochloride for analgesia. The injection induced respiratory depression, pupil constriction, cyanosis, hypothermia, loss of consciousness. What antidote must be used? A. Naloxone B. Atropine sulfate C. Droperidol D. Promedol E. Adrenalin hydrochloride 216. Very painful uterine contractions have been occurring in a pregnant woman at normal term. To relieve the woman’s condition during labour, a doctor decided to use opioid (narcotic) analgesic. Which of the listed drugs can be used in this case? A. Trimeperidine (Promedolum) B. Morphine C. Metamizole (Analginum) D.Papaverine E.Codeine. 217. A 60-year-old male is brought to emergency room. He is comatose and his pupils are constricted. Physician suspects opium overdose. What is the best drug to be administered? A.Flumazanil B.Calcium carbonate C.Sodium bicarbonate D.Naloxone E.Atropine. 218. A young man was taken to emergency department with numerous traumas of chest and head. Anesthesiologist proposed to inject morphine to relieve patient’s condition, but traumatologist rejected proposition of his colleague. Why morphine is contraindicated in this case? A. It increases intracranial pressure B. It stimulates vagal center C. It decreases intraocular pressure D. It causes miosis E. It depresses center of cough reflex. 219. It is known that morphine can cause a shift of blood from pulmonary to systemic circuit. It results in lowering of resistance in pulmonary vascular bed. In which case in may be used? A.Bronchitis B.Pneumonia C.Pulmonary oedema D.Bronchiectatic disease E.Emphysema. 220. Patient in unconscious state was admitted to the emergency room. Skin is cold, pupils are pinpoint like, breathing is heavy, with cycles of the Cheyne- Stokes type, blood pressure is decreased, urinary bladder is overloaded. Poisoning with what substance is the most likely? A.Neosigmin (Proserinum) B.Sedatives C.M-cholinergic antagonists D.Nor-narcotic analgesics E.Narcotic analgesics 221. Examination of a patient revealed extremely myotic pupils, sleepiness, infrequent Chain- Stoke's respiration. urinary retention, slowing-down of heart rate, enhancement of spinal reflexes. What substance caused the poisoning? A.Atropine B.Phosphacole C.Caffeine D.Morphine E.Barbital. 222. A patient with acute morphine poisoning was delivered to a hospital. What specific narcotic antagonist should be chosen in this case? A.Unithiol B.Paracetamol C.Digoxin D.Methacin E.Naloxone 223. A young man with an addiction to opioid drugs denies drug dependence. Introduction of one of these drugs will help to prove drug dependence. Point out this drug. A.Morphine B.Codeine C.Trimeperidine (Promedol) D.Fentanyl E.Pentazocine 224. A 30 years old patient was delivered to emergency department with a fractured thigh bone after a car accident. The patient had dramatically reduced blood pressure to 70/40 mm Hg, weak pulse, enhanced pain response to touch to damaged area. What should be used for prevention of traumatic shock in patient? A.Metamizol (Analgin) B.Papaverine C.Morphine D.Paracetamol E.Pentazocine. 225. The patient with inoperative lung cancer metastasizing in the spine was suffering from severe pain. To relieve patient's condition analgesic is required. Which drug should be administered? A.Analgine B.Codeine C.Paracetamol D.Morphine E.Papaverine. 226. On arrival of ambulance a 25 years old patient was unconscious and 15 vials of morphine solution were found near him patient had periodic breathing, slowed heart rate, suppressed reflexes except for the knee, and narrowed pupils he was taken to the emergency department. What measure should be applied in the first place? A.Gastric lavage B.Diuretic C.Antiarrhythmic drug D.Enema E.Induction of vomiting. 227. A child of 4 years is hospitalized to the orthopedic department with a fractured ankle with displacement. The reposition of bone fragments required analgesia. What medication should be used? A.Analgin B.Promedol C.Morphine hydrochloride D.Panadol E.Omnopon. 228. Choose a specific antagonist of narcotic analgesics. A.Caffeine-sodium benzoate B.Ethimizol C.Bemegride D.Strychnine E.Naloxone 229. A patient with symptoms of renal colic is admitted to the urology department. Which of these drugs should be advised to provide him first aid? A.Morphine B.Trimeperidine (Promedol) C.Pentazocine D.Fentanyl E.Tramadol. 230. patient with dislocation of shoulder was admitted to traumatologic department. The reduction of dislocation should be performed under neuroleptanalgesia. Chose the opioid analgesic used for this purpose. A.Naloxone B.Cordiamin C.Morphine D.Ethimizol E.Fentanyl 231. A 67 year-old male patient suffering from arthritis was treating himself with acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin). In 2 weeks patient addressed doctor complaining of pain in epigastric area. On examination of the patient doctor prescribed anti-inflammatory agent, selectively inhibiting COX–2. Point out this drug. A.Paracetamole B.Diclophenac-sodium C.Celecoxib D.Metamisole (Analginum) E.Indomethacine. 232. In complex treatment of a patient with angina pectoris non- narcotic analgesic exerting antiplatelet activity was included. Point out this agent. A.Meperidine B.Morphine C.Tramadol D.Metamizole E.Aspirin 233. Due to inhibition of COX aspirin exerts all the following effects except A.Anti-inflammatory B.Antiplatelet C.Increase in warfarin efficacy D.Antipyretic E.Analgesic. 234. A patient with toothache was relieving his pain with help of metamizole (analginum). Point out another useful effect of this drug that contributes to the improvement of patient’s condition A.Sedative effect B.Anti-inflammatory effect C.AntIplatelet effect D.Antioxidative effect E.Antimicrobial effect. 235. The usage of acetylsalicylic acid resulted in occurrence of epigastric pain in patient. On examination of the patient gastric ulcer was revealed. What the mechanism is responsible for ulcerogenity of this drug? A.Stimulation of pepsin secretion B.Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis C.Increase in bile production and its reflux D.Spasm of vessels E.Spasm of gastric smooth muscles. 236. Doctor visited a 5-year-old child with fever and complaints of headache. Doctor suspected the onset of viral infection. To relieve patient’s condition doctor prescribed non-opioid analgesic, which additionally exerts antipyretic effect but lacks anti-inflammatory action. Point out the prescribed drug A.Metamizole (Analginum) B.Celecoxib C.Aspirin D.Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) E.Diclophenac-sodium. 237. After the usage of acetylsalicylic acid a patient developed epigastric pain because of exacerbation of his ulcer. What is the mechanism of this drug ulcerogenity? A.Stimulation of pepsin secretion B.Antiprostagladinic effect C.Cholagogic effect D.Spasm of vessels E.Immunodepressive effect. 238. Point out non- narcotic analgesic, which exerts antiplatelet activity. A.Meperidine B.Morphine C.Tramadol D.Metamizole E.Aspirin 239. A 2-year-old child is often catching a cold with fever. Which antipyretic drug is safer at this age than acetylsalicylic acid? A.Analgin B.Indomethacin C.Paracetamol D.Phenylbutazone E.Phenylbutasone. 240. A 7 year child have caught cold, he was shivering, fever up to 39,2 ° C, his respiratory rate - 45 per minute, pulse - 105 beats per minute. The doctor diagnosed an acute viral infection, and appointed a baby aspirin. By means of what mechanism the drug realized its antipyretic effect in this case? A. The overall calming effect B. Slowing down heartbeat C. Increase in heat output D. Slowing of the respiratory rhythm E.Reduction of heat production. 241. A schizophrenic patient has been prescribed aminazine. What pharmacodynamic action of this drug justifies its prescription in this case? A. Antipsychotic B. Antiemetic C. Hypothermic D. Muscle relaxant E. Hypotensive 242. An alcoholic has alcoholic psychosis with evident psychomotor agitation. What neuroleptic drug should be administered for emergency aid? A. Aminazine B. Diazepam C. Sodium bromide D. Reserpine E. Halothane 243. A schizophrenic patient has been prescribed aminazine. What pharmacodynamic action of this drug justifies its prescription in this case? A. Antipsychotic B. Hypotensive C. Antiemetic D. Hypothermic E. Muscle relaxant 244. A 49-year-old patient has psychotic manifestations in form of psychomotor agitation, auditory and visual hallucinations. What drug is indicated in the described case? A. Haloperidol B. Sodium bromide C. Diazepam D. Valerian tincture E. Chlordiazepoxide 245. To perform a scheduled surgery on the upper jaw, a surgeon decided to apply ataralgesia. What medications are used for this manipulation? A. Tranquilizers B. General anesthetics C. Narcotic analgesics D. Non-narcotic analgesics E. Sedatives 246. With the purpose of analgesia, a narcotic analgesic has been used with a benzodiazepine drug. What drug has been used to potentiate analgesia? A. Diazepam B. Chlorprothixene  C. Triftazin D. Carbamazepine E. Imizinum 247. A dental patient was prescribed a psychosedative for his fear of pain. What drug would be the most effective in this case? A. Diazepam B. Aminazine C. Lithium carbonate D. Valerian tincture E. Sodium bromide 248. A 45-year-old female patient has neurosis with irritability, insomnia, amotivational anxiety. What tranquilizer will be able to eliminate all symptoms of the disease? A. Diazepam B. Paracetamol C. Piracetam D. Caffeine-sodium benzoate E. Levodopa 249. A male patient waiting for tooth extraction has developed a strong sense of anxiety. Which drug should be given to him in order to relieve him of this discomfort? A. Diazepam B. Aminazine C. Analgin D. Aethimizolum E. Carbamazepine 250. Before a tooth extraction a 48-year-old female patient received an injection of diazepam. Anxiolytic effect of this drug can be explained by: A. Interaction with benzodiazepine receptors B. β-adrenoreceptor block C. M-cholinoreceptor activation D. Dopamine receptor block E. α-adrenoreceptor block 251. For two weeks a woman has been taking the mixture for neurasthenia, which was prescribed by a neurologist. Her general state slightly improved but shortly she started complainin go frhinitis, conjunctivitis, skinrashes, fatigue, and memory impairment. What group of drugs can have such a side effect? A. Bromine salts B. Valerian preparations C. Motherwort preparations D. Adaptogens E. Hop preparations 252. A patient was treated for psychosis for 2 weeks. The psychic patient's condition improved but rigidity, tremor, and hypokinesia developed. Which of the drugs can cause such complications? A.Diazepam B.Chlorpromazine (Aminazine) C.Amytriptiline D.Piracetam E.Chlordiazepoxide. 253. A 60 years old woman addressed her doctor complaining of side effects which appeared while treatment with chlorpromazine (aminazinum). She was troubled with tremor and disturbances of movements. What is the mechanism of this side effect? A. Activation of hyppocampus B. Inhibition of reticular formation (alfa1 - adrenoceptors) C.Inhibition of neostriatum (D2 receptors) D.Inhibition of hypothalamus E.Inhibition of hyppocampus. 254. A 50 years old patient with chronic alcoholism became aggressive. To abolish aggression, chlorpromazine was administered intramuscularly. The patient’s attempt to rise soon after an injection resulted in loss of consciousness. What is the probable cause of such complication? A.Blockade of reticular formation B.Disturbance of coronary blood circulation C.Blockade of alfa- adrenoceptors D.Inhibition of hypothamus E.Blockade of M- cholinoceptors. 255. After emotional stress, patient was permanently in a condition of nervous tension and had poor sleep. Doctor prescribed him diazepam. Which of the listed effects of this drug is responsible for its clinical use? A. Hypotensive effect B.Analgesic effect C.Anticonvulsant D.Tranquilizing E.Anti psychotic. 256. Point out the neuroleptic that is most commonly used in neuroleptanalgesia. A.Chlorpromazine B. Droperidol C.Diazepam D.Chlorprotixene E.Sulpiride. 257. A patient on a particular psychotropic medication complains of severe dizziness. His blood pressure in a supine position is 115/80 mm hg on standing it drops to 82/50 mm hg. Which of the following drugs is most likely responsible for these symptoms? A.Carbamazepine B.Chlorprozamine C.Chlordiazepoxide D.Cortisone E.Ibuprofen. 258. A patient has been taking a mixture prescribed by neuropathologist for neurasthenia for two weeks. The patient feels better but has developed coryza, conjunctivitis, rash, inertia, decrease of memory. She is diagnosed with bromizm. What should be prescribed to decrease the A.Glucose solution 5% B.Polyglucin C.Asparcam D.Natrium chloride E.Kalium chloride. 259. A patient who has been treated in a neural clinic and has been taking a sedative for a long time got the following complication: cough, rhinitis, epiphora. What drug caused these disturbances? A.Sodium bromide B.Valerian C.Phenazepam D.Reserpine E.Diazepam. 260. Select the most appropriate drug for the systematic treatment of a patient with severe productive psychotic symptoms (delirium and hallucinations). A. Trifluoperazine (Triftazin) B. Clozapine C.Medazepam D.Amitriptyline E.Buspirone. 261. Neuroleptics have the properties of eliviating delusions, hallucinations, reducing of aggression and psychomotor agitation. This action is called: A.Antipsychotic B.Hypodynamic C.Antihysteric D.Anxiolytic E.Antineurotic. 262. A 40 years patient delivered to psychiatric clinic in a state of agitation, aggression, delusions. What medication should be administered? A.Sodium bromide B.Chlorpromazine C.Reserpine D.Tincture of valerian E.Amitriptyline. 263. The patient with schizophrenia was appointed chlorpromazine. What the pharmacological effect is the basis for assigning it to the patient? A.Hypothermic B.Hypotensive C.Antipsychotic D.Antiemetic E.Myorelaxant. 264. A patient addressed a doctor complaining of anxiety, fear, uneasiness, inner tension. Which drug should be assigned? A.Tincture of valerian B.Pavlov Medicine C.Diazepam D.Tincture of leonuri E.Etaminal sodium. 265. On examination of the patient, unstable blood pressure, irritability, emotional imbalance, poor sleep were revealed, and doctor has prescribed chlordiazepoxide (elenium). Which of the following statements is ground for prescription elenium in this case? A. Psychosis B.Cardiopathy C.Hypertention D.Coronary artery disease E.Neurosis 266. The presence of which syndrome is the basis for the appointment of diazepam? A.Lingering paralysis B. Inadequate perceptions (hallucinations) C.Euphoric state of pathological origin D.Anxiety E.Pathological thought disorder. 267. Patient 38 years old suffering from schizophrenia for a long time is on the psychotropic drugs. He addressed the doctor with complaints of disturbances of motor coordination, hand tremor, drowsiness. Which group of drugs can cause such a condition? A.Antipsychotics B.Antidepressants C.Analgesics D.Adaptogens E.Psychomotor stimulants. 268. A single parenteral administration of the drug in the patient with schizophrenia caused severe hypotension. To which of these groups does drug belong? A. Nootropics B.Antipsychotics C.Tranquilizers D.Antidepressants E.CNS stimulants. 269. A patient with acute myocardial infarction experienced persistent chest pain. The ineffectiveness of drugs previously designated gave the grounds for doctor to use neuroleptanalgesia. Which antipsychotic agent is used for this type of anesthesia? A.Chlorpromazine B. Triftazinum C.Metaperazine D.Droperidol E.Thioridazine. 270. A patient with schizophrenia is taking typical neuroleptic. Which of the effects is the basis for its application in schizophrenia? A.Antipsychotic B.Antiemetic C.Hypothermic D.Myorelaxant E.Hypotensive. 271. A patient addressed the doctor with complaints of poor health, depression, skin rashes. An interview revealed that the patient within three weeks was taking sedative medicine, prescribed by a neurologist. With the admission of which drugs complaints of patient were associated? A.Bromides B.Lithium C.Tranquilizers D.Antipsychotics E.Preparations of valerianae. 272. A patient with epilepsy and depressive reaction has been administered a drug that reduced epilepsy manifestations and improved the patient’s psychic condition. A. Sodium valproate B. Ethosuxemide C. Amitriptyline  D. Phenytoin E. Phenobarbital 273. A 56-year-old woman is registrated with a psychoneurologic dispensary due to her suffering from epilepsy, specifically, minor attacks (pti mal).What drug is the most efficient in this case? A. Sodium valproate B. Trihexyphenidyl C. Phenytoin D. Levodopa E. Phenobarbital 274. A 56-year-old female patient is regi-strated in a psychoneurologic dispensary due to her suffering from epilepsy, specifically, minor attacks (pti mal). What drug is most efficient in this case? A. Sodium valproate B. Phenobarbital C. Trihexyphenidyl D. Levodopa E. Phenytoin 275. A patient who suffers from insomnia caused by emotional disorder was prescribed a hypnotic drug with tranquillizing effect. What hypnotic was prescribed? A. Nitrazepam B. Phenobarbital C. Chloral hydrate D. Sodium ethaminal E. Bromisoval 276. A patient presents with dysfunction of cerebral cortex accompanied by epileptic seizures. He has been administered a biogenic amine synthetized from glutamate and responsible for central inhibition. What substance is it? A. Gamma-amino butyric acid B. Serotonin C. Dopamine D. Acetylcholine E. Histamine 277. A patient presents with dysfunction of the cerebral cortex accompanied by epileptic seizures. He has been administered a biogenic amine synthetized from glutamate and responsible for central inhibition. What substance is it? A. γ-aminobutyric acid B. Serotonin C. Dopamine D. Acetylcholine E. Histamine 278. A patient suffering from parkinsonism has been prescribed levodopa, which resulted in rapid improvement of the patient’s condition. What mechanism of action is characteristic of this drug? A. Stimulation of dopamine synthesis B. Block of muscarinic receptors C. Stimulation of dopamine receptors D. Anticholinesterase action E. Stimulation of muscarinic receptors 279. A 5 years old child from time to time have seizures with loss of consciousness. The doctor diagnosed epilepsy (large seizures). Which drug is advisable to appoint a patient? A.Phenobarbital B.Benactizin(Amizulum) C.Trihexyphenidyl (Cyclodolum) D.Ethosuximide E.Levodopa. 280. A man aged 68 with trembling hands and incoordination diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Which drug is advisable to appoint a patient? A.Phenytoin B.Finlepsin C.Ethosuximide D.Phenobarbital E.Trihexyphenidyl (Cyclodolum) 281. 40 years woman addressed doctor with complaints of psychic disturbances appeared with long-term usage of phenobarbital as a hypnotic. What the drug should be used instead of phenobarbital? A.Sodium hydroxybutyrate B.Bromizoval C.Chloral hydrate D.Nitrazepam E.Noxiron. 283. Due to emotional stress a man permanently is in a state of nervous tension and has poor sleep. The doctor gave him a diazepam. Which of the following effects of diazepam is the base for its clinical application in this case? A. Hypotensive B. Anxiolytic (Tranquilizing) C.Analgesic D.Anticonvulsant E.Antidepressant. 284. A patient suffering from insomnia addressed his doctor. The main problem was in the difficulties with sleep onset. Doctor prescribed zolpidem. Which of the following characteristics is true for this agent? A. It belongs to benzodiazepine derivatives B. It belongs to barbiturates C. It has the ability to cause quick onset of sleep D. It’s poorly absorbed from GIT E. It’s poorly bind to protein. 285. A 46- year-old patient with a history of epilepsy (grand mal) developed status epilepticus. Choose the drug to arrest convulsions. A.Sodium valproate B.Diazepam C.Levodopa D.Chlorpromazine E.Droperidol. 286. An antiepileptic drug, which prevents metabolism of GABA, was included in complex therapy of patient with epilepsy (grand mal). Point out this drug A.Phenytoin B.Phenobarbitone C.Carbamazepine D.Ethosuximide E.Sodium valproate 287. Patient with phenobarbital poisoning was presented to emergency department. To promote kidney excretion of poison sodium bicarbonate was administered intravenously. What mechanism is responsible for an increase in barbiturate excretion? A. Increase in polarity of barbiturate B. Increase in fat solubility of barbiturate C. Increase in barbiturate reabsorption D. Increase in rate of glomerular filtration E. Decrease in protein binding. 288. Deficiency in dopamine production by neurons of strio-pallidal system is considered to be one of the main causes of Parkinson’s disease. Point out the drug used for replacement therapy of this disease A.Atropine B.Dopamine C.Levodopa D.Carbidopa E.Amantadine. 289. The patient was taken the mixture prescribed by neuropathologist for neurasthenia for 2 weeks. Patient felt better but developed coryza, conjunctivitis, rash, inertia, decrease of memory. Bromizm was diagnosed. What should be prescribed to decrease symptoms? A. Glucose solution 5% B. Calcium chloride C. Natrium chloride D.Polyglucin E.Asparcam. 290. The antiepileptic drug which causes nystagmus, ataxia and gum hypertrophy is A.Phenytoin B.Phenobarbitone C.Carbamazepine D.Ethosuximide E.Valproic acid. 291. A 16 years boy is a known as patient suffering from epilepsy. Following several years of a drug therapy, gingival hyperplasia developed. For which drug this side effect is characteristic? A.Alprazolam B.Carbamazepine C.Valproic acid D.Ethosuximide E.Phenytoin 292. A woman, which is on phenytoin, wants to conceive. What advice you can give to her about drug? A. Increase the dose of phenytoin B. Change to valproic acid C. Addition of valproic acid D. Change to phenobarbitone E. Decrease the dose of phenobarbitone. 293. An old epileptic patient on phenytoin is having status eplilepticus. What will you give to this patient in emergency? A.Phenytoin B.Carbamazepine C.Diazepam D.Valproic acid E.Primidone. 294. Disulfiram is widely used in medical practice to prevent alcocholism. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase. Increased level of what metabolite causes aversion to alcochol? A.Propionic aldehyde B.Methanol C.Ethanol D.Acetaldehyde E.Malonyc aldehyde. 295. A man who has been staying in a stuffy room for a long time lost consciousness. He regained consciousness after inhalation of ammonia spirit vapour. This substance’s effect is connected with direct influence upon the following structures: A. Receptors of upper airways B. Vasculomotor centre C. Respiratory centre D. Resistive vessels E. Capacitive vessels 296. A 45-year-old woman has addressed a doctor with complaints of rapid mood swings, tearfulness, apathy. Antidepressants prescribed for her treatment are monoamine oxidase inhibitors. These drugs have a certain effect on catecholamines, which results in their medicinal action. Name this effect: A. Increased concentration B. Neutralization activation C. Inhibition of back transfer D. Increased deaminization E. Decreased concentration 297. Depressions and emotional disorders result from noradrenaline, serotonin and other biogenic amines deficiency in brain. Concentration of these compounds in synapses can be increased by means of antidepressants that inhibit the activity of the following enzyme: A. Monoamine oxidase B. Diamine oxidase C. L-amino acid oxidase D. D-amino acid oxidase E. Phenylalanine-4-monooxigenase 298. A patient with poisoning caused by carbon monoxide was administered directly acting analeptic drug. What medicine was used? A.Codeine B.Ephedrine C.Caffeine D.Atropine sulfate E.Lobeline. 299. A premature newborn was apnoic. Directly acting analeptic drug was given to restore breathing. What medicine was most probably administered to the patient? A. Ethymisolum B. Phenylephrine (Mesatonum) C.Adrenaline hydrochloride D.Atropine sulfate E.Lobeline hydrochloride. 300. A psychiatrist was invited to a patient who made an attempt to commit suicide. Doctor diagnosed endogenous depression. Choose the most suitable drug for treatment of this patient. A.Nootropil (piracetam) B.Amytriptyline C.Sydnocarbum D.Ethymisolum E.Caffeine. 301. A patient had a stroke. Which of the listed drugs is necessary to include in the complex therapy in order to improve mental performance? A.Caffeine B.Piracetam C.Diazepam D.Phenazepam E.Amitryptiline. 302. What is the main mechanism by which amitriptyline increases amount of catecholamines in CNS synapses? A. Increase in catecholamines release from presynaptic membrane B. Increase in catecholamines synthesis in presynaptic membrane C.Prevention of catecholamines degradation in the synapse D.Inhibition of neuronal re uptake of catecholamines E.Inhibition of MAO. 303. Analeptical directly acting drug was given to the patient for restoration of breathing after poisoning with carbon monoxide. What medicine was prescribed to the patient? A.Pentamin B.Mesaton C.Caffeine D.Atropine sulphate E.Lobeline hydrochloride. 304. Which of the following characteristics of amphetamines is most likely to be responsible for increasing blood pressure? A.Indirect release of endogenous catecholamines B.Inhibition of catecholamines metabolism C.Metabolism to false neuro-chemical transmitters D.Potent alpha1 adrenergic transmitters E.Potent beta-2 adrenergic agonist. 305. The CNS stimulation produced by methylxanthines, such as caffeine, is most likely due to the antagonism of one of the following recertors: A.Glycine receptors B.Adenosine receptors C.Glutamate receptors D.GABA receptors E.Cholinergic muscarinic receptors. 306. A patient who has been treated with diazepam on account of neurosis complains of toothache. Doctor administered him an analgetic, but its dose was lower then average therapeutic dose. What phenomenon did the doctor take into account while prescribing the patient an underdose? A.Drug dependence B.Cumulation C.Tolerance D.Summation E.Potentation 307. Pharmacological effects of antidepressants are connected with inhibitionof an enzyme catalyzing biogenic amines noradrenaline and serotonine in the mitochondrions of cerebral neurons. What enzyme participates in this process? A.Lyase B.Monoamine oxidase C.Transaminase D.Peptidase E.Decarboxylase. 308. A psychiatrist was called for the woman who tried to commit suicide on examination the state of endogenous depression was diagnosed. Which drug is most efficient for treatment of this patient? A.Piracetam (Nootropil) B.Amitriptyline C.Sydnokarb D.Aethimizolum E.Caffeine. 309. Which agent will you choose for increase in mental performance and decrease of tiredness? A.Buspirone B.Nialamide C.Sidnokarb D.Imipramine E.Caffeine 310. Doctor recommended taking caffeine the patient with pathological sleepiness.Which of the following mechanisms of action provides its therapeutic effect in this disease? A.The concentration and increased inhibition in the cerebral cortex B.Increased synthesis of dopamine C.Enhancement the processes of excitation in the brain D.Inhibition of the midbrain reticular formation E.The weakening of the excitation in the brain. 311. Point out preferable analeptic in acute barbiturate poisoning A.Cordiaminum B.Caffeine C.Camphor D.Bemegride E.Aethimizolum. 312. The patient had a stroke. Which of the following drugs should be included in the combined therapy to improve the metabolism of the brain? A.Piracetam B.Caffeine C.Diazepam D.Phenazepam E.Amitriptyline. 313. Which the drug from the group of psychomotor stimulants can cause the development of drug addiction? A. Amphetamin (Phenaminum) B. Meridil C.Sidnokarb D.Bemithylum E.Caffeine. 314. Which of the following effects of piracetam is used for chronic vascular disorders of the brain? A.Anticonvulsant activity B.Improvement of mental performance C.Antiwithdrawal effect D.Improvement of physical activity E.Antipsychotic effect. 315. The patient complains of fatigue, general weakness, decrease in visual acuty, low blood pressure. Which drug is helpful in this case? A.Liquid extract of Eleutherococcus B.Phenibut C.Piracetam D.Dry extract of Valeriana E.Amitriptyline. 316. The primary goal of medical aid in vascular collapse is an increase in blood pressure. Which of the following medications can be used for this purpose? A.Aethimizolum B.Diphenhydramine C.Bemegride D.Caffeine-sodium benzoate E.Ketotifen. 317. A patient admitted to the neurological department complains of memory loss and cognitive disability after trauma of the head. What kind of medication is needed to improve the metabolism of the brain? A. Caffeine B. Metamizole (Analginum) C.Piracetam (nootropil) D.Sidnokarb E.Meridil. 318. A psychiatrist was called for the woman who tried to commit suicide on examination the state of endogenous depression was diagnosed. Which drug is most efficient for treatment of this patient? A.Piracetam (Nootropil) B.Amitriptyline C.Sydnokarbum D.Aethimizolum E.Caffeine. 319. Which agent will you choose for increase in mental performance and decrease of tiredness? A.Nialamide B.Diazepam C.Imipramine D.Buspirone E.Caffeine 320. When should you expect for a specific therapeutic effect of pantocrinum in its systematic application? A. After 9-15 days B. After 30-60 minutes C.1-3 days D.After 30-45 days E.After 3-6 hours. 321. Doctor recommended taking caffeine the patient with pathological sleepiness. Which of the following mechanisms of action provides its therapeutic effect in this disease? A. Enhancement the processes of excitation in the brain B. Increased synthesis of dopamine C. The concentration and increased inhibition in the cerebral cortex D.Inhibition of the midbrain reticular formation E.The weakening of the excitation in the brain. 322. Point out preferable analeptic in acute barbiturate poisoning A.Caffeine B.Bemegride C.Camphor D.Cordiaminum E.Aethimizolum. 323. The patient had a stroke. Which of the following drugs should be included in the combined therapy to improve the metabolism of the brain? A.Caffeine B.Diazepam C.Piracetam D.Phenazepam E.Amitriptyline. 324. The primary goal of medical aid in vascular collapse is an increase in blood pressure. Which of the following medications can be used for this purpose? A.Diphenhydramine B.Bemegride C. Caffeine-sodium benzoate D. Aethimizolum E.Ketotifen. 325. A patient admitted to the neurological department complains of memory loss and cognitive disability after trauma of the head. What kind of medication is needed to improve the metabolism of the brain? A.Piracetam (nootropil) B.Metamizole (Analginum) C.Caffeine D.Sydnokarbum E. Meridil. 326. Which of the following tonics is derived from animal products? A.Tincture ginseng B.Pantocrine C.Saparalum D.Ecdistenum E.Securininum. 327. Among the antidepressant drugs there are those that inhibit neuronal norepinephrine reuptake. Point out such drug. A. Fluoxetine B.Nialamide C.Chlorprothixene D.Chlorpromazine E.Maprotilime 328. Mark pharmacological effect, limiting the use of strychnine as analeptic. A.Stiffness in skeletal muscle, convulsions B. Hypercatharsis C.Increased metabolism D.Strengthening of sight and hearing E.Impact on hematopoiesis. 329. What drug from the group of analeptics is preferable to use in newborn asphyxia? A.Caffeine B.Aethimizolum C.Camphor D.Cordiaminum E.Corazolum. 330. A 19 years old boy addressed doctor complaining of discomfort in the heart area. Doctor asked him about smoking and other bad habits. Patient denied all of mentioned bad habits, and sad he likes coffee and uses up to 8 glasses of strong drink a day. Why coffee containing caffeine can worsen heart function? A. It causes tachycardia, increases in oxygen demand of the heart B. It slows impulse conduction in the heart C. It weakens the force of heart contractions D. It causes a narrowing of the coronary vessels E. It decreases automaticity of the heart. 331. What is the mechanism of action of antidepressant pirlindol (pirazidol)? A.The reversible inhibition of MAO B.Irreversible inhibition of MAO C.Selective inhibition of neuronal capture of catecholamines D.Non-selective inhibition of neuronal capture catecholamines E.Inhibitor of vesicular capture catecholamines. 332. A patient with symptoms of mental depression in the drug treatment did not keep the doctor recommended a diet that caused the rise in blood pressure. Which group of antidepressants requires compliance in this condition? A.Tricyclic antidepressant B.Nonselective MAO inhibitors C.Selective inhibitors of catecholamines reuptake D.Lithium preparations E.Nonselective inhibitors of neuronal reuptake of catecholamines. 333. A 26-year-old woman at 40 weeks’ gestation was admitted to the maternity ward. Examination revealed that the cervix was open, but uterine contractions were absent. The doctor gave her a hormonal drug to induce labor. Specify this drug: A. Hydrocortisone  B. Estrone C. Testosterone D. ACTH E. Oxytocine 334. Following thyroid surgery, a 47-year-old female patient had fibrillary twitching of muscles in the arms, legs and face. These disorders can be treated by the introduction of the following hormone: A. Parathyroid hormone B. Triiodothyronine C. Thyrotropin D. Thyroxine E. Thyroid-stimulating hormone 335. Prolonged treatment of hypothyroidism has caused general dystrophy, dental caries, tachycardia, tremor of extremities. What drug is the cause of these side effects? A. L-thyroxin B. Humulin (Human insulin) C. Parathyreoidinum D. Thyrocalcitonin E. Prednisolone 336. A patient with autoimmune thyroiditis has been prescribed a peptide hormonal agent. Specify this agent: A. L-thyroxin B. Trimethoprim C. Triamcinolone D. Triquilar E. Tamoxifen 337. Parodontitis is treated with calcium preparations and a hormone that stimulates tooth mineralization and inhibits tissue resorption. What hormone is it? A. Calcitonin B. Parathormone C. Adrenalin D. Aldosterone E. Thyroxine 338. A nurse accidentally injected a nearly double dose of insulin to a patient with diabetes mellitus. The patient lapsed into a hypoglycemic coma. What drug should be injected in order to help him out of coma? A. Glucose B. Lidase C. Insulin D. Somatotropin E. Noradrenaline 339. A patient has been suffering from diabetes mellitus for 5 years. As a result of not keeping to a diet the patient passed into a comatose state. Emergency doctor injected him glucose. The patient’s state got better. What is the most probable type of coma in this case? A. Hypoglycemic B. Acidotic C. Hyperglycemic D. Hepatic E. Hypothyreoid 340. A patient suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was prescribed glibenclamid internally. What is the mechanism of its hypoglycemic action? A. It stimulates generation of endogenous insulin by beta cells B. It inhibits gluconeogenesis in liver C. It intensifies utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues D. It inhibits glucose absorption in the bowels E. It inhibits alpha glucosidase and polysaccharide breakdown 341. A patient is in the state of hypoglycemic coma. What hormone can cause this condition if overdosed? A. Insulin B. Progesterone C. Cortisol D. Somatotropin E. Corticotropin 342. A 56-year-old man complains of thirst and frequent urination. The endocrinologist diagnosed this patient with diabetes melli- tus and prescribed him glibenclamide. What mechanism of action does this drug have? A. Stimulation of β-cells of islets of Langerhans B. Facilitates glucose uptake by the tissues C. Facilitates glucose transport through cell membranes D. Suppression of α-cells of islets of Langerhans E. Inhibits glucose absorption in the intestine 343. A patient with diabetes mellitus complicated by angiopathy has been recommended a drug which is a sulphonyl urease derivate of the second generation. It improves microcirculation and is known for its relatively good tolerance. What drug is it? A. Glibenclamide B. Glibutidum C. Insulin D. Acarbose E. Adrenalin 344. A patient has a systemic inflammatory lesion of connective tissue. Which antiinflammatory drug will reduce all the inflammatory phases? A. Prednisolone B. Contrycal C. Phenylbutazone D. Indomethacin E. Diclofenac sodium 345. A patient with periodontitis has been administered a glucocorticoid drug in form of an ointment. Specify this ointment: A. Prednisolone B. Tetracycline C. Decamine D. Ampicillin E. Erythromycin 346. A patient with rheumatoid arthritis has been given hydrocor