4th Grade Science Body Systems Study Guide PDF

Name:________________________________________ Test Date:___________________________ 4th Grade Science Study Guide – Body Systems 1) Vocabulary Words to know by system (see last page): ➔ Respiration, diaphragm, nasal cavity, lungs ➔ Brain, brainstem, nerves...

Name:________________________________________ Test Date:___________________________ 4th Grade Science Study Guide – Body Systems 1) Vocabulary Words to know by system (see last page): ➔ Respiration, diaphragm, nasal cavity, lungs ➔ Brain, brainstem, nerves ➔ Heart, artery, capillaries, vein ➔ Stomach, esophagus, mouth ➔ Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, voluntary movement, involuntary movement, ligaments, tendons, joints The body systems and their main functions: 2) Skeletal: Parts: Bones (the longest bone in your body is your FEMUR) Job: supports and protects the body 3) Muscular: Parts: 3 muscle types: cardiac (your heart), smooth, skeletal Job: pushes and pulls on bones to move them 4) Respiratory: Parts: lungs, trachea, diaphragm Job: Takes air into (oxygen) and out of (carbon dioxide) the body 5) Circulatory: Parts: heart, veins (carries blood TO the heart), arteries (carries blood AWAY from the heart) Job: transports blood throughout the body, carries oxygen and nutrients to cells 6) Digestive: Parts: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines  Job: breaks food down into simple substances, absorbs nutrients from food, gets rid of waste 7) Nervous: Parts: Brain, spinal cord, nerves Job: controls body functions, controls all other systems of the body SKIN is the largest organ in the human body SKIN is the body’s first defense against germs SKIN is flexible FOOD must store energy and must be able to be digested by humans ALL FOODS provide NUTRIENTS PHYSICAL FITNESS uses and strengthens muscles NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES CANNOT be transferred from one human to another. Some examples include heart disease, diabetes, asthma COMMUNICABLE DISEASES CAN be transferred from one human to another. Some examples are the flu, strep throat, covid In order to prevent noncommunicable diseases, we must keep our bodies healthy with physical fitness (exercise) and proper nutrients Body systems WORK TOGETHER to carry out their individual functions. Taste buds - sweet, sour, salty, bitter. See the other side for diagrams to know and a sample test question.  Sample test question: The table lists the functions of some body systems. 1. Provides protection and shape to the body. 2. Transports gases and materials throughout the body. 3. Responds to electrical impulses to create motion. Drag the name of the body system responsible for each function into the table. DIAGRAMS TO KNOW  Vocabulary Words to Know for Your Quiz respiration - the act or process of breathing diaphragm - a sheet of skeletal muscle that pushes against the lungs as we inhale and relaxes to allow the lungs to expand when we exhale nasal cavity - where air is moistened, warmed, and filtered as it enters the body lungs - the main organ of the respiratory system; carries out the exchange of gasses as we breathe brain - the main organ of the nervous system; a soft, spongy mass of nerve cells brainstem - connects the brain to the spinal cord; controls hunger, thirst, and breathing nerves - bundles of fibers that carry information between your brain and the rest of your body heart - the main organ, or “pump” of the circulatory system artery - carries oxygen and nutrients AWAY from the heart to the body capillaries - the smallest, most delicate blood vessels in your circulatory system veins - carries carbon dioxide and waste TOWARDS the heart stomach - stores food, grinds and mixes it into a liquid; stomach acid kills bacteria esophagus - a long tube that connects the throat to the stomach mouth - the beginning of the digestive tract; digestion starts with the first bite smooth muscle - weakest of all muscle tissues found in organs and performs unique functions like grinding, churning, or moving cardiac muscle - forms the wall of the heart and controls your heartbeat voluntary movement - controlled consciously by a person involuntary movement - controlled by the unconscious part of the brain ligaments - attach bone to bone tendons - attach muscle to bone joints - hold the skeleton together and support movement