Aquaculture Study - KELOMPOK WIDI INGGRIS PDF

Kelompok Widi 1.Rasyid 2.Widi 3.Surya 4.Ragel Aquaculture – Budidaya Perikanan Aquaculture, or budidaya perikanan in Indonesian, refers to the cultivation of aquatic organisms such as fish,...

Kelompok Widi 1.Rasyid 2.Widi 3.Surya 4.Ragel Aquaculture – Budidaya Perikanan Aquaculture, or budidaya perikanan in Indonesian, refers to the cultivation of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and aquatic plants under controlled conditions. This practice is different from traditional fishing, which involves harvesting wild fish from their natural habitats. Aquaculture can be done in freshwater or saltwater environments and includes various methods such as pond systems, cage farming, and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Species - Spesies In the context of aquaculture or budidaya perikanan, different species (or spesies in Indonesian) are cultivated based on the environment (freshwater, saltwater, or brackish water), market demand, and suitability for farming conditions. Fish Farm – Peternakan ikan Fish farm, or peternakan ikan in Indonesian, refers to a facility or controlled environment where fish are bred, raised, and harvested for commercial purposes. Fish farming is a key component of aquaculture, aiming to produce fish for food consumption, ornamental purposes, or stock enhancement. Freshwater – Air Tawar Freshwater, or air tawar in Indonesian, refers to water that has low concentrations of dissolved salts, typically found in rivers, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs. Freshwater is used extensively in aquaculture for raising various species of fish, crustaceans, and aquatic plants. Freshwater aquaculture (budidaya ikan air tawar) is a significant component of the global and Indonesian aquaculture industry. Brackish Water – Air Payau Brackish water, or air payau in Indonesian, refers to water that has a salinity level between that of freshwater and seawater. It is typically found in areas where freshwater from rivers or streams meets seawater, such as in estuaries, mangroves, and coastal lagoons. Brackish water aquaculture (budidaya perikanan di air payau) is a major form of fish farming, especially in coastal areas, where species that can tolerate varying salinity levels are cultivated. Marine Aquaculture – Budidaya Laut Marine aquaculture, or budidaya laut in Indonesian, refers to the cultivation of marine organisms such as fish, shellfish, and seaweed in the ocean or coastal areas under controlled conditions. This type of aquaculture is conducted in the open ocean, coastal waters, or man-made enclosures near the shore. Marine aquaculture plays a significant role in providing food, employment, and contributing to economic growth, especially in coastal communities. Hatchery – Tempat Penetasan Hatchery, or tempat penetasan in Indonesian, is a controlled environment where fish, shrimp, and other aquatic species are bred and their eggs are hatched. Hatcheries play a crucial role in aquaculture by providing a reliable supply of high- quality larvae or juvenile stock (benih or larva) that are later transferred to grow-out facilities such as ponds, cages, or tanks for further development. Hatcheries are essential for maintaining a consistent production cycle in aquaculture operations. Larvae - Larva Larvae, or larva in Indonesian, refers to the early life stage of aquatic species such as fish, shrimp, and other marine or freshwater organisms that hatch from eggs. The larval stage is a critical period in the life cycle of these species, as larvae are highly vulnerable and undergo significant growth and development before transitioning to juvenile and adult stages. Fingerling – Benih Ikan Fingerlings, or benih ikan in Indonesian, refer to juvenile fish that have reached a certain stage of development after the larval phase but before reaching adulthood. Fingerlings are typically characterized by their small size, which makes them suitable for stocking in aquaculture systems such as ponds, cages, or tanks. Broodstock – Induk Ikan Broodstock, or induk ikan in Indonesian, refers to mature fish that are used for breeding in aquaculture. These fish are carefully selected for their desirable genetic traits and health characteristics to produce high-quality eggs and sperm for spawning. Spawning - Pemijahan Spawning, or pemijahan in Indonesian, refers to the reproductive process in which fish and other aquatic organisms release eggs and sperm for fertilization. This process is a critical component of aquaculture, as it directly impacts the production of larvae and fingerlings for cultivation. Fry – Burayak Ikan Fry, or burayak ikan in Indonesian, refers to the early juvenile stage of fish that have recently hatched from eggs. Fry are typically small and have just transitioned from the larval stage, where they were still dependent on yolk sacs for nutrition, to feeding on external food sources. Pond - Kolam Pond, or kolam in Indonesian, refers to a controlled body of water used for aquaculture, where fish, shrimp, and other aquatic organisms are raised. Ponds are one of the most common and traditional methods of cultivating aquatic species and can vary in size, depth, and design based on the species being farmed and the farming practices used. Cage Culture – Budidaya Dalam Keramba Cage culture, or budidaya dalam keramba in Indonesian, is a method of aquaculture where fish and other aquatic organisms are raised in floating or submerged enclosures, known as cages or nets, within natural water bodies such as rivers, lakes, or coastal areas. This method is particularly effective for species that require more space for growth and allows for efficient use of aquatic resources. Recirculating System – Sistem Resirkulasi Recirculating System, or sistem resirkulasi in Indonesian, is an aquaculture method that utilizes a closed-loop system to continuously filter and recycle water in which aquatic organisms are raised. This system is designed to maximize water efficiency, minimize waste, and maintain optimal environmental conditions for fish and other aquatic species. Feed - Pakan Feed, or pakan in Indonesian, refers to the food provided to fish, shrimp, and other aquatic organisms in aquaculture. The type and quality of feed are crucial for the growth, health, and overall productivity of the cultured species. Pellets - Pelet Pellets, or pelet in Indonesian, are a type of formulated feed commonly used in aquaculture for feeding fish and other aquatic organisms. They are designed to provide a balanced diet that meets the nutritional needs of cultured species, ensuring optimal growth and health. Water Quality – Kualitas Air Water quality, or kualitas air in Indonesian, refers to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water that affect the health and growth of aquatic organisms. Maintaining high water quality is crucial in aquaculture, as it directly influences fish health, growth rates, and overall productivity. Dissolved Oxygen – Oksigen Terlarut Dissolved oxygen (DO), or oksigen terlarut in Indonesian, refers to the amount of oxygen that is present in water and is essential for the survival and growth of aquatic organisms, including fish, shrimp, and other aquatic life. Maintaining adequate levels of dissolved oxygen is crucial in aquaculture systems. Ph Level – Tingkat Keasaman pH level, or tingkat keasaman in Indonesian, measures how acidic or alkaline a solution is. It is a crucial parameter in aquaculture, as it significantly affects the health, growth, and overall well-being of fish and other aquatic organisms. Salinity - Salinitas Salinity, or salinitas in Indonesian, refers to the concentration of salt (mainly sodium chloride) in water. It is a critical parameter in aquaculture, especially in brackish and marine environments, as it influences the health and growth of aquatic organisms. Temperature - Suhu Temperature, or suhu in Indonesian, refers to the measure of heat present in water and is a crucial environmental factor in aquaculture. It significantly affects the growth, health, and behavior of fish and other aquatic organisms. Ammonia - Amonia Ammonia, or amonia in Indonesian, is a nitrogenous compound (NH₃) that can be toxic to aquatic organisms. It is commonly found in aquaculture systems due to the breakdown of organic matter, fish waste, and uneaten feed. Managing ammonia levels is critical for maintaining water quality and ensuring the health of cultured species. Nitrite – Nitrit Nitrate - Nitrat Nitrite, or nitrit in Indonesian, is a nitrogen compound (NO₂⁻) that can be toxic to aquatic organisms, particularly fish. It is an intermediate product in the nitrogen cycle and forms as ammonia (NH₃) is converted to nitrate (NO₃⁻) through the process of nitrification. Aerator – Alat Penghasil Oksigen Aerator, or alat penghasil oksigen in Indonesian, is a device used in aquaculture and aquatic systems to increase the oxygen content in water. Aerators play a crucial role in maintaining water quality and ensuring the health of fish and other aquatic organisms. Filtration - Penyaringan Filtration, or penyaringan in Indonesian, is a critical process in aquaculture that involves the removal of suspended solids, debris, and harmful substances from water to maintain optimal water quality. Proper filtration helps create a healthy environment for fish and other aquatic organisms. Biofilter - Biofilter Biofilter, or biofilter in Indonesian, is a specialized type of filtration system used in aquaculture and aquaponics that promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria to convert harmful substances into less toxic forms. This process is essential for maintaining water quality in fish farming and other aquatic environments. Sedimention Pond – Kolam Sedimentasi A sedimentation pond, or "kolam sedimentasi," is a water treatment facility designed to remove suspended solids from water through gravitational settling. Sustainability - Keberlanjutan Sustainability, or "keberlanjutan," refers to the ability to maintain ecological balance and promote social and economic well-being for present and future generations Growth rate – Laju Pertumbuhan The growth rate refers to the speed at which a population, economy, or other factors change over a specific period. In demographic contexts, it is often measured as the percentage change in population over a year. In economics, it can refer to GDP growth or income increases. Carrying Capacity – Daya Dukung Carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can sustainably support without degrading the habitat. Harvest - Panen Harvest" or "panen" refers to the process of gathering mature crops from the fields. This is a crucial stage in agriculture, marking the culmination of planting, nurturing, and growing crops. Stocking Density – Kepadatan Tebar Stocking density, or "kepadatan tebar," refers to the number of individuals (such as fish, livestock, or plants) placed in a specific area or volume. Monokulture - Monokultur Monoculture, or "monokultur," refers to the agricultural practice of growing a single crop species in a given area for consecutive seasons. Polyculture - Polikultur Polyculture, or "polikultur," refers to the agricultural practice of growing multiple crops in the same space at the same time. Extensive System – Sistem Exstensif An extensive system (or "sistem extensive") refers to agricultural practices that rely on large areas of land with relatively low inputs of labor and resources. Intensive System – Sistem Intensif An intensive system (or "sistem intensif") in agriculture refers to practices that aim to maximize output from a given area of land through the use of high inputs, such as labor, fertilizers, pesticides, and advanced technology. Semi – Intensive System – Sistem Semi Intensif A semi-intensive system (or "sistem semi intensif") in agriculture represents a middle ground between extensive and intensive farming practices. Disease - Penyakit "Disease" or "penyakit" refers to any condition that disrupts normal bodily functions and can cause various symptoms and health issues. Bacteria - Bakteri "Disease" or "penyakit" refers to any condition that disrupts normal bodily functions and can cause various symptoms and health issues. Fungus - Jamur Fungus" (or "jamur") refers to a diverse group of organisms that includes yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. Parasite - Parasit Parasite" (or "parasit") refers to organisms that live on or inside another organism (the host) and benefit at the host's expense. Vaccine -Vaksin "Vaccine" (or "faksin") is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease. Biosecurity – Biosekuriti Biosafety" (or "beosekuriti") refers to the practices and measures taken to prevent the unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins, as well as to ensure the safety of individuals, the environment, and the community from biological hazards. Quarantine - Karantina "Quarantine" (or "karantina") refers to the practice of isolating individuals or groups who may have been exposed to a contagious disease to prevent its spread. Feeding Frequency – Frekuensi Pemberian Makan Feeding frequency" (or "frekuensi pemberian makan") refers to how often an animal or human is fed during a specific period, which can significantly impact health and growth. Feed Conversion Ratio – Rasio Korversi Makan "Feed conversion ratio" (FCR) or "rasio konversi pakan" is a measure used to assess the efficiency with which animals convert feed into body weight. Water Excange – Pergantian Air Water exchange" (or "pergantian air") refers to the process of replacing or renewing the water in a system, such as aquaculture tanks, aquariums, or other water bodies. Sediment - Sedimen Sediment" (or "sedimen") refers to particles of organic or inorganic matter that settle at the bottom of a body of water, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. Sediments can include sand, silt, clay, and decaying plant and animal material. Waste Management- Manajemen Limbah Time management is the process of planning and organizing how to divide your time between specific activities. Organic Matter- Bahan organik Organic matter refers to material that comes from living organisms or was once living. Breeding-Pembiakan Breeding refers to the process of producing offspring, typically with the intention of perpetuating or improving a species or variety. Genetic Improvement-Peningkatan Genetik Genetic improvement is the process of enhancing desirable traits in organisms through selective breeding or genetic engineering. Aquaponics-Aquaponik Aquaponics is an integrated system that combines aquaculture (raising aquatic animals) with hydroponics (growing plants in water). Pond Liner-Lapisan Kolam A pond liner is A waterproof membrane used to retain water in artificial ponds. Carp-Ikan Mas Ikan mas is significant in many cultures for food, ornamental purposes, and traditional practices. Tilapia-Ikan Nila Tilapia is one of the most important fish in modern aquaculture, valued for its adaptability and nutritional benefits. Shrimp-Udang Shrimp are significant both ecologically and economically, playing a major role in aquatic ecosystems and the global seafood market. Prawn-Udang Galah Prawns are significant in global seafood markets and are valued for their taste and nutritional benefits. While similar to shrimp, they have some distinct biological differences. Oyster-Tiram Oysters are significant both ecologically and economically, valued for their role in marine ecosystems and as a delicacy in many cultures. Mussel-Kerang Hijau Mussels are significant both ecologically and as a food source, valued for their nutritional benefits and their role in water filtration. Scallop-Kerang Kampak A scallop is a type of marine bivalve mollusk found in oceans worldwide. Trout-Ikan Trout Trout are freshwater fish belonging to the family Salmonidae, which also includes salmon and char. Salmon-Ikan Salmon Salmon are anadromous fish, meaning they are born in freshwater, migrate to the ocean, and return to freshwater to spawn. Grouper-Ikan Kerapu Grouper is a large saltwater fish from the Serranidae family, known for its thick body and large mouth. Barramundi-Ikan Kakap Putih Barramundi is a large, predatory fish found in both freshwater and saltwater environments, primarily in the Indo-Pacific region. Seaweed Farming Seaweed farming is the cultivation of various species of seaweed for commercial purposes, including food, cosmetics, biofuel, and agriculture. Microalgae-Mikroalga Microalgae are microscopic algae found in both freshwater and marine environments. Plankton-Plankton Plankton are small organisms that drift in the water column of oceans, seas, and freshwater bodies. Zooplankton-Zooplankton Zooplankton are small, often microscopic animals that float or drift in aquatic environments. Phytoplankton-Fitoplankton Phytoplankton are microscopic, photosynthetic organisms found in aquatic environments, including oceans, seas, and freshwater bodies. Ecosystem-Ekosistem An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals, and microorganisms) interacting with each other and their physical environment (air, water, soil). Biodiversity-Keanekaragaman Hayati Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth, encompassing all living organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, as well as the ecosystems they inhabit. Aquatic-Perairan he term aquatic refers to environments, organisms, or activities that are related to water. Marine - Laut This term is often associated with the ocean and anything related to it, including marine biology (study of ocean organisms), marine ecosystems, marine life, and even human activities like marine shipping or marine conservation. In a broader sense, "marine" refers to anything connected to the sea. Brackish - Payau This term is used in English to describe water that is a mix of freshwater and saltwater. Brackish water has a higher salinity than freshwater but is not as salty as seawater. It is commonly found in estuaries, mangroves, and deltas. Brackish environments can support unique ecosystems with species adapted to these intermediate conditions. Freshwater Species – Spesies Air Tawar "Freshwater Species" and "Spesies Air Tawar" refer to organisms that live in freshwater environments, which include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, and wetlands. These species are adapted to environments with low salinity levels, typically less than 0.5 parts per thousand. Marine Species – Spesies Laut "Marine Species" and "Spesies Laut" both refer to organisms that inhabit the ocean or other saltwater environments. These species are adapted to live in saline conditions and can be found in a wide variety of marine habitats, including coral reefs, deep sea, open ocean, and coastal areas. Nutrient - Nutrisi a nutrient is any substance that an organism needs to live, grow, and reproduce. Nutrients are typically categorized into macronutrients (like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) and micronutrients (like vitamins and minerals). These are essential for biological functions such as energy production, cell growth, and repair. Protein Content – Kandungan Protein This term is used to describe the quantity of protein in a food item or organism, usually measured in grams per serving or per 100 grams. Protein is an essential macronutrient, important for building and repairing tissues, and is found in both plant and animal sources such as meat, beans, eggs, and dairy. Fat Content – Kandungan Lemak In English, this refers to the proportion or amount of fat in a given food or product. Fat is one of the three main macronutrients, alongside carbohydrates and proteins. Fat content is usually measured in grams per serving or per 100 grams, and it can be broken down into categories like saturated fats, unsaturated fats, and trans fats. Probiotic - Probiotik In English, probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that, when consumed in sufficient amounts, provide health benefits, especially by improving gut health. They are commonly found in fermented foods like yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and dietary supplements. Probiotics help maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria and can assist in digestion, boost immunity, and prevent certain digestive disorders. Antibiotic - Antibiotik an antibiotic is a type of medication used to treat infections caused by bacteria. Antibiotics work either by killing bacteria (bactericidal) or by preventing their growth (bacteriostatic). Common examples include penicillin, amoxicillin, and ciprofloxacin. Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections and should be used only under medical guidance to avoid issues like antibiotic resistance. Fishmeal – Tepung Ikan fishmeal is a powder or meal made from whole fish or fish by- products that are cooked, dried, and ground into a fine powder. It is a significant source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids and is commonly used in the production of animal feed, especially for livestock and aquaculture. Fishmeal is valued for its nutritional content and palatability. Fish Oil – Minyak Ikan fish oil is a dietary supplement made from the fat or oil of fish, particularly oily fish like salmon, mackerel, sardines, and anchovies. It is known for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), which are essential for heart health, brain function, and reducing inflammation. Fish oil is available in liquid form or as capsules and is often used to support overall health and well- being. Byproduct – Produk sampingan a byproduct is a secondary product that results from the production process of a primary product. Byproducts can be useful and may have commercial value or can be considered waste. For example, when processing sugar from sugarcane, molasses is a byproduct. Byproducts can be utilized in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and energy. Eutrophication - Eutrofikasi eutrophication is a natural process that can be accelerated by human activities, such as agricultural runoff, wastewater discharge, and the use of fertilizers. When excess nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, enter water bodies, they stimulate algal blooms, which can deplete oxygen levels in the water and harm aquatic life. This can result in dead zones where fish and other organisms cannot survive. Algae Bloom – Ledakan Alga an algae bloom is a phenomenon where algae grow excessively in water bodies due to factors such as nutrient over-enrichment (eutrophication), warm temperatures, and sunlight. These blooms can be harmful, especially when they produce toxins that can affect aquatic life, drinking water quality, and human health. Algal blooms can lead to oxygen depletion, harming fish and other aquatic organisms. Hydrodinamics - Hidrodinamika hydrodynamics is a branch of fluid mechanics that focuses on the behavior of liquids in motion. It involves the study of how fluids interact with solid boundaries and the forces generated by moving fluids. Applications of hydrodynamics can be found in various fields, including engineering, oceanography, and environmental science. Topics in hydrodynamics may include flow patterns, pressure changes, turbulence, and the design of structures like ships and dams. Thermal Stratification – Stratifikasi Thermal thermal stratification occurs when water layers at different temperatures form distinct layers, with warmer, less dense water on top and cooler, denser water below. This phenomenon is common in lakes during summer, where the upper layer (epilimnion) is warmed by sunlight, while the deeper layer (hypolimnion) remains cooler. This stratification can affect aquatic life, oxygen levels, and nutrient distribution in the water body. Upwelling - Upwelling Upwelling occurs when winds blow across the ocean's surface, pushing surface water away. This creates a void that allows deeper water to rise and fill the space. The deeper water is often rich in nutrients that have settled at the ocean floor. Sedimentation - Sedimentasi Sedimentation can have both positive and negative effects on ecosystems. It can create new habitats and support aquatic life but can also lead to issues like sedimentation in rivers and streams, which can affect water quality, disrupt aquatic habitats, and lead to the suffocation of organisms. Aquatic weed – Gulma Air Aquatic weeds are plants that thrive in or near water and can disrupt the natural balance of aquatic ecosystems. They can be native or non-native species and often grow rapidly, sometimes forming dense mats on the water surface. Gill Net – Jaring Insang Gill nets, or "jaring insang," are a type of fishing gear used to catch fish by entangling them in the mesh. The nets are typically made from nylon or monofilament and have varying mesh sizes to target different fish species. Trawl - Trawl A trawl is a type of fishing gear used to catch fish and other marine organisms. Trawling involves dragging a net through the water, either along the bottom (bottom trawling) or in mid-water (mid-water trawling). Here’s a closer look at how trawls work and their various aspects: Longline - Rawai Longline fishing is a method used to catch fish that involves deploying a long main line, or backbone, with multiple baited hooks attached at intervals. This technique is commonly used for various fish species, including tuna, swordfish, and halibut. Buoy - Pelampung A buoy is a floating device anchored in water, typically used to mark navigation routes, indicate hazards, or serve various purposes in maritime activities Net Cage – Jaring Apung A net cage, also known as a fish cage or aquaculture cage, is a type of enclosure used in aquaculture to raise fish and other aquatic organisms in open water. These cages allow for controlled farming while providing fish with access to natural water sources. Stocking – Penebaran Ikan Stocking in the context of aquaculture and fisheries refers to the practice of introducing fish or other aquatic organisms into a specific water body or controlled environment, such as a pond, lake, or net cage. This process is essential for various purposes, including fish farming, habitat restoration, and recreational fishing.