Introduction to Healthcare: Midwifery as a Profession PDF

INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH CARE - In others, only the midwife is available to provide Lesson 1: Midwifery as a Profession care- midwives are trained to handle certain...

INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH CARE - In others, only the midwife is available to provide Lesson 1: Midwifery as a Profession care- midwives are trained to handle certain situations that may be described as normal Some choose their profession to become popular, variations or may be considered abnormal, some to serve other people & do their duty, but midwives including abnormal positions, presentation, have all this we become part of families multiple pregnancies. Who is MIDWIFE? -------------------DEFINITION-------------------- - A midwife is a trained health professional who Midwifery helps healthy women during labor, delivery and - Is a Profession that fucoses on providing birth of the babies. healthcare and support to Women during pregnancy and postpartum period. NEED FOR MIDWIFERY AS A PROFESSION 1. To achieve safe motherhood Midwives 2. To participate in country’s concern be maternal - Are trained professionals who work closely with and child welfare women to ensure a safe and positive Childbirth 3. To Avoid duplication of services experience.  MIDWIFERY They provide range of Services, including Prenatal Care, - Midwifery is a health care profession that believes monitoring progress of Pregnancy, assisting with labor and in providing pregnancy, labor and birth, not only delivery and providing Postnatal Care and Support. this but even during the postpartum period. - However, midwifery further deals with the care of the newborn and assists the mother in MIDWIFERY is defined as "skilled, knowledgeable and breastfeeding. compassionate care for childbearing women, newborn - A practitioner of midwifery is known as midwife, a infants and families across the continuum form pre- term used in reference to both women and men pregnancy, pregnancy, birth, postpartum and the early although the majority of midwives are females. weeks of life" - In united states, certified nurse midwives are The evidence shows that Midwifery play a "Vital Role, and advanced practice nurses. when provided by educated, trained, regulated, licensed - In addition to providing care to women during midwives, is associated with improved quality of care and pregnancy and birth. rapid sustainability reductions in maternal and newborn mortality. - Midwives also provide primary care to women, guide women how to maintain reproductive health All Women and Newborns have a right to a quality of care and assist in annual gynecological examinations, that enables a positive childbirth experience that includes family planning and menopausal care. respect, and dignity, a companion of choice, clear - Midwives are autonomous practitioners who are communication by maternity staff, pain relief strategies, specialists in low-risk pregnancy, childbirth and mobility in labor and birth position of choice. postpartum. Midwives are essential to the provision of quality of care in - They generally strive to help women to have a all settings, globally. healthy pregnancy and natural birth experience. - Midwives are trained to recognize and deal with - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) deviation from the normal. ________________________________________________ OBSTETRICS - Obstetricians, in contrast, are specialists in illness - It is the branch of medicine that deals with the related to childbearing and the surgery. care of women during pregnancy, childbirth and - The two professions can be complementary but, the recuperative period following delivery. often are odds because obstetricians are taught to 'actively manage' labor, while midwives are taught OBSTETRICAL NURSING not to intervene unless necessary. - Obstetrical Nursing also called perinatal nursing, is a nursing specialty that works with patients who - Midwives refer women to general practitioners or are attempting to become pregnant, are currently obstetricians when a pregnant woman requires pregnant or have recently delivered. care beyond the midwives’ area of expertise. - In many jurisdictions, these professions work - Obstetrical nurses help provide prenatal care together to provide care to childbearing women. testing, care of patients experiencing pregnancy complications, care during labor and delivery and care of patients following delivery.  INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH CARE In the Philippines. In the early 1900’s midwifery is Lesson 2: Historical Review of Midwifery being practiced by what we called "hilots", these hilots are INFORMATION SHEET community residents who do not have formal education to Defining Midwifery midwifery and learned the art of assisting childbirth Midwifery through apprenticeship. However, this practice has been - According to International Confederation of Midwives criticized because of the risk of complications. In 1922. Dr. (ICM), "midwifery is the profession for midwives. like Jose Fabella, the Secretary of DOH at that time, started to other profession midwifery has a unique a unique formalize midwifery education by founding the first body of knowledge, skills and professional attitudes midwifery school in the Philippines founded in Sampaloc that were drawn from other health professions, but Manila. After the founding of the first midwifery school, practiced by within a professional framework of another school was founded in Cebu, Bacolod and Negros autonomy, partnership, ethics and accountability" Occidental. (ICM, 2017 p. 1). Moreover, the ICM also describe midwifery as an approach The first midwifery school founded in 1922 to care of women and the newborn focused on: offering midwifery program to this day. a. Optimizing the normal and biological, psychological, social and cultural process of childbirth and early life of newborn; Objectives of Dr. Jose Fabella in founding the Midwifery School b. Work in partnership with women, respecting the 1. To train young woman in midwifery to gradually individual circumstances and views of each replaced the unlicensed midwives or hilot. women; 2. To train doctors and rural assignments c. Promoting women's personal capabilities to care 3. To give health service and education with emphasis for themselves and their families; on maternal and child health d. Collaborating with other midwives and other Historical development of Midwifery Program health professionals as necessary to provide The midwifery program is a one (1) year term or twelve (12) holistic to meet woman's individual needs. months from 1922 to 1951. The realization of the important roles of midwives in the healthcare system, the one (1) year Midwife term became a one (1) year and a half (1 year and 6 - A midwife is a person or an individual who is admitted months). In 1974, the Chairman of the Board of Midwifery in a duly accredited and recognized institution who (BOM) in person of Dr. Ricardo Gonzales, further increase offer midwifery program and has been successfully the duration of the midwifery program and it became a completed al1 the requirements specified in the Two (2) Year Midwifery Program. The Two (2) year diploma course and passed the licensure examination to in Midwifery Program became the standard in the become a registered or legally licensed to practice midwifery education until the Memorandum Order (CMO midwifery. 33, s.2007) issued by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) that the midwifery program should become a four In the Philippines, the Commission on Higher year or a bachelor degree program. Education (CHED) is responsible in regulating midwifery education while the Board of Midwifery Regulation Midwifery, under the Professional Regulation From the founding of midwifery education, midwifery is Commission, regulates the practice of the regulated under the umbrella of medical education. When profession by administering licensure the law RA 2644 was enacted in 1960, the Board of examination to qualified students. Midwifery (BOM), under the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), was created and the office of the BOM Brief history of midwifery practice became the regulatory body for midwifery profession in the Midwifery can be considered as one of the oldest country including the conduct of board examination for professions. The study of Brawl, Richter & Habib (2013) midwifery graduates. reveals that practice of midwifery existed as early as the Stone Ages and continued to be practiced across different Midwifery is as old as the history of human Eras starting from the Biblical Era (2200 BC - 1700 BC) until species. Archeological evidence of woman demonstrates the Modern Era (12th - 16th Century). During the modern the existence of midwifery in 5000 BC. period, the midwifery profession started to be regulated and formalized. The renowned figure of nursing profession, Florence Nightingale, is thought to teach midwifery during her time.  There are references to the midwives in the Old Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) made anatomical Testament. Genesis 35:17 "and it came to pass, when drawings of pregnant uterus. she was in hard labor, that the midwife said unto her, fear not Rachel, it is another Boy" Julius Caesar Aranzi wrote the first book for Italian King of Egypt spokes to the midwives, who helped Midwives. He advised Cesarean section for contracted Hebrew women when they gave birth. They were the Pelvis. first midwives found in the Literature. Shiphrah and Puah the Hebrew Midwives Exodus 1:15-22 William Harvey (1578-1657) - The father of British midwifery, wrote the first Hippocrates (460BC), the father of scientific medicine, English text book on Midwifery. He described the organized trained and supervised Midwives. He believed fetal circulation and the placenta. that the fetus had to fight its way out of the womb - The first to deliver the placenta by massaging the uterus. And initiated the study of uterine se… Aristotle (384-322BC), the father of embryology, described the uterus and the female pelvic organs. And RENAISSANCE the essential qualities of the midwife. - Midwifery nearly disappeared during the late Middle Ages, Midwives were accused of witchery and the Surgeons took over the role of childbirth ❖ William Smellie - Father of Midwifery (Scottish Obstetrician) - London: Obstetrical Lecture Demonstration to Midwives and Medical Students from 1741. Soranus in the second century was the first to specialize - Emphasized the importance of natural birth in obstetrics and gynecology. His book was used for process. 1,500 years. - Known for his descriptions of "the mechanisms labour", or how the infant's head adapts to changes in the pelvic canal during birth. - Reluctant to use the forceps and permitted cesarian section only in the most extreme cases of narrow pelvis.  Certification of Midwives to Practice and Mandated by Law HISTORY OF MIDWIFERY IN THE PHILIPPINES  DECEMBER 4, 1901 - Midwifery regulated in the Philippines with the enactment of Public Act No. 310. - Law created the Medical Board of Examiners which regulated both the Medicine and Midwifery profession.  Martinez de Zuniga - Quotes that the Filipinos, in difficult childbirth, practiced superstitious remedies which endangered the life of the patient. - When they became ill with a sickness called "Pamaoo" which they attributed to the "nuno", their gods, they pray and offer them food.  Bachelor of Science in Midwifery Program was approved through the CHED Memorandum Order 33 Series of 2007.  At present, there are 306 colleges and universities offering programs in Midwifery. FIRST MIDWIFERY SCHOOL Dr. Jose Fabella - First Filipino who was appointed the First Secretary of Health, founded the first Midwifery school in the country in May 1922. - The school was named Maternity and Children's Hospital High School graduates were accepted to train in one year Objectives: 1. To train young women in midwifery to gradually replace the unlicensed midwife or "hilot". 2. To train doctors and nurses for rural assignments. 3. To give health service and education; with emphasis on maternal and child health (MCH). Republic Act No. 310- December 4, 1901 Medical Board of Examiners created that regulated both the Medicine and Midwifery profession Republic Act No. 2382- Medical Act of 1959 Regulation of Midwifery was separated from Medicine Republic Act No.2644 - June 18,1960 Formal Education started when Dr. Jose Fabella initiated the curriculum for direct entry midwives in the mid 1900's