An Inspector Calls PDF - J.B. Priestley

An Inspector Calls – J.B. Priestley 1. Introductory context and big questions 2- 4 2. Initial read through and questions 3- 57 3. The Inspector 58 - 61 4. Mr Birling 61- 64 5. Mrs Birling...

An Inspector Calls – J.B. Priestley 1. Introductory context and big questions 2- 4 2. Initial read through and questions 3- 57 3. The Inspector 58 - 61 4. Mr Birling 61- 64 5. Mrs Birling 64 - 67 6. Sheila 67 - 70 7. Gerald 70 - 72 8. Eric 72 - 75 9. Eva Smith/ Daisy Renton 75 - 77 10. Responsibility 77 - 80 11. Equality and social class 80 - 81 12. Judgement and learning about life 81 - 83 13. Age and Gender 83 - 85 14. Setting and structure 85 - 86 15. Character tracker 87 - 90 16. Quotation bank 91 - 95 17. Knowledge organiser 96 - 97 Name: English teacher: English class: 1 Introductory context and big questions 1. In life, are we only responsible for ourselves? Why/ why not? 2. Who else (if anyone) might we be responsible for? Why? 3. If our actions have consequences we did not expect, are we still responsible for these? 4. Is today’s society equal? Why/ why not? 5. Was society more unequal or less unequal in 1912 compared to today? Why/ why not? Introduction An Inspector Calls is a play about responsibility. Priestley creates a mystery – a mysterious figure, The Inspector, interrupts a cosy family dinner to inform the family that a young woman has committed suicide. It is the inspector’s duty to discover who is responsible for this tragic event. Priestley reveals the complexity of social and moral responsibility and criticises the class divide – the split between rich and poor. The main message of the play is to promote social responsibility and socialism – his political view that a more equal society can and should be created, by everyone changing their thinking and actions. Key idea: social responsibility. This is the idea that people should act in a way that helps others, rather than hurts them. Context Social class Historically, and today, Britain (and other countries) is divided into different social classes. This division is based on the wealth (total money and other assets) of individuals and the different jobs they do. Karl Marx (a sociologist and political thinker, 1818- 1883) was one of the first to analyse the class system, and the consider a way people could be more equal. The class system looks like this: The upper class (bourgeoisie): Capitalism - Owners of land, businesses and large amounts of Capitalism is an economic system – a way money through inheritance (being passed through the of organising money and jobs. In the UK, family) and most other countries today, - The wealthiest and most privileged people in society individuals own and run businesses, competing with others to make the most The middle class: money possible. Marx argues this system inevitably creates inequalities, because - Owners of smaller businesses eg factories the wealthy upper/ middle classes who - Professionals eg lawyers and doctors own businesses are motivated by money - People who had plenty of money and control – so they will treat workers badly and pay them little in order to make the most The working class (proletariat): profit. In this system, it is very difficult for the poor to become wealthier and there - The poorest people in society - Traditionally worked in manual jobs (unskilled work is a big gap between rich and poor. This using your hands) eg working in factories, mining, system is good for the upper classes but cleaning bad for everyone else! - Had the most difficult and unhappy lives 2 Socialism Different politicians and economists have different ideas about how wealth should be shared out, who should have power and who should control jobs/ money, and how the division between classes should be tackled (if at all). Here is an overview of these different ideas: Key idea: socialism The main idea you need to know for this play is socialism. This is a political ideology based on the ideas of Marx, which suggests society should be more equal, and that society should play a role in helping the less privileged. Marx argues that eventually, due to the conflict between working and upper classes and growing inequality, the working classes will revolt (rise up against) the upper classes and create a new, more equal society, in which wealth and power can be shared equally – not just kept by the rich. When the play was first written and performed in 1945, left-wing ideas were becoming more popular, and the Labour party won the election in a landslide victory. They introduced the National Health Service, education reforms, and many other benefits to help the less advantaged. In 1917 in Russia, the working class revolted against the ruling class, and a communist (extreme socialist) nation was established. However, the ruling of Russia ended up being far from equal and for many decades, it was ruled by a cruel dictator called Stalin, under whom many millions of people died due to starvation, disease and being killed or mistreated. Priestley was a socialist, and through the play, he presents a persuasive and emotive arguments for socialist reforms. The play was first performed in Moscow, Russia in 1945, and then in London in 1946. This highlights how extreme Priestley’s views were, as Russia was a communist nation at the time. Questions: 1. What are the three main social classes in Britain? 3  2. Give three examples of jobs a working class person may do/ have done. 3. True or false: capitalism is a very equal economic system. 4. True or false: socialism aims to make society more equal. 5. Explain socialism in your own words. 6. Why is it significant the play was first performed in Russia? 7. What were Priestley’s political views? 8. Which political party won the election in 1945? What did they do? 1912 In 1912, there were fixed divisions between different classes. Only men who owned property could vote, and women could not vote at all. There were also dangerous tensions between different European countries, which led to the First World War from 1914- 1917, in which millions of people died. This was followed by the Second World War, from which claimed millions more lives. Many people questioned the government and their decisions after these wars. When the play was performed in 1946, many people were considering how society could be more equal, and the audience knew the terrible events which were yet to happen in the time the play was set. Timeline: 1906: The left-win Labour Party is founded to represent the views and interests of the working classes 1912: the Titanic sinks 1914-18: First World War – Priestley serves on the front line, and is injured and gassed 1919: Priestley studies literature, history and politics at Cambridge University 1922: Priestly starts working as a journalist 1926: Many workers go on strike (refuse to work) due to poor pay and conditions in the General Strike 1929: The Wall Street Crash causes a global economic slump known as the Depression, which causes a lot of unemployment and poverty 1934: Priestly travels to poor parts of Britain to write English Journey 1939- 45: Second World War 1945: Priestley writes An Inspector Calls; atomic bombs are dropped on Japan; Labour win the election Questions: 1. What system of organising society is better in your opinion – capitalism or socialism? Why? 2. Who was able to vote in 1912? What does this show about who had more power? 3. In 1945, why did people start to prefer left-wing ideas? 4  Initial read-through Knowledge recap: 1. What is socialism? 2. What political perspective did Priestley hold? 3. In what year and country was AIC first performed? 4. In what year is AIC set? 5. What are the three main social classes in Britain? Which is the most privileged and which is the least? 6. Whose ideas are socialism based on? CHARACTERS Arthur Birling Sybil Birling – His wife Sheila Birling – His daughter Eric Birling – His son Edna – The maid Gerald Croft Inspector Goole All 3 acts which are continuous, take place in the dining room of the Birling's house in Brumley, an industrial city in the north Midlands. It is an evening in spring, 1912. ACT ONE The dining room is of a fairly large suburban house, belonging to a prosperous manufacturer. It has a good solid furniture of the period. The general effect is substantial and heavily comfortable but not cosy and homelike. (If a realistic set is used, then it should be swung back, as it was in the production at the new theatre. By doing this, you can have the dining-table centre downstage during act one, when it is needed there, and then swinging back, can reveal the fireplace for act two, and then for act three can show a small table with a telephone on it, downstage of the fireplace; and by this time the dining-table and it chairs have moved well upstage. Producers who wish to avoid this tricky business, which involves two re-settings of the scene and some very accurate adjustments of the extra flats necessary would be well advised to dispense with an ordinary realistic set if only because the dining-table becomes a nuisance. The lighting should be pink and intimate until the INSPECTOR arrives and then it should be brighter and harder.) 5  At rise of curtain, the four Birlings and Gerald are seated at the table, with Arthur Birling at one end, his wife at the other, Eric downstage and Sheila and Gerald seated upstage. EDNA, the parlourmaid, is just clearing the table, which has no cloth, of the dessert plates and champagne glasses,etc, and then replacing them with decanter of port, cigar box and cigarettes. Port glasses are already on the table. All five are in evening dress of the period, the men in tails and white ties, not dinner-jackets. Arthur Birling is a heavy-looking, rather portentous man in his middle fifties with fairly easy manners but rather provincial in this speech. His wife is about fifty, a rather cold woman and her husband's social superior. Sheila is a pretty girl in her early twenties, very pleased with life and rather excited. Gerald croft is an attractive chap about thirty, rather too manly to be a dandy but very much the well-bred young man-about-town. Eric is in his early twenties, not quite at ease, half shy, half assertive. At the moment they have all had a good dinner, are celebrating a special occasion, and are pleased with themselves. Comprehension check: 1. What impression do we get of the Birling family? 2. What social class do you expect the Birlings to belong to? Why? 3. In which room is the play set? 4. Does this change throughout the play? 5. In which city is the play set? Is it a real place? The play continues: Arthur Birling: Giving us the port, Edna? That’s right.( he pushes it towards Eric..) you ought to like this port, Gerald, as a matter of fact, Finchley told me it's exactly the same port your father gets from him. Gerald: Then it'll be all right. The governor prides himself on being a good judge of port. I don’t pretend to know much about it. Sheila: (gaily, possessively) I should jolly well think not, Gerald, I'd hate you to know all about port – like one of these purple-faced old men. Arthur Birling: Here , I’m not a purple-faced old man. Sheila Birling: No, not yet. But then you don't know all about port – do you? Birling: (noticing that his wife has not taken any) N ow then, Sybil, you must a take a little tonight. Special occasion, y'know, eh? Sheila: Yes, go on, mummy. You must drink our health. Mrs Birling : (smiling) Very well, then. Just a little, thank you.(to Edna, who is about to go, with tray.) all right, Edna. I'll ring from the drawing room when we want coffee. Probably in about half an hour. Edna: (going) Yes, ma'am. // Edna goes out. They now have all the glasses filled. Birling beams at them and clearly relaxes.// Birling: Well, well – this is very nice. Very nice. Good dinner too, Sybil. Tell cook from me. Gerald: (politely) Absolutely first class. 6  Mrs Birling: (reproachfully) Arthur, you're not supposed to say such things- Birling: Oh – come come – I’m treating Gerald like one of the family. And I'm sure he won't object. Sheila: (with mocking aggressiveness) Go on, Gerald – just you object! Gerald: (smiling) Wouldn't dream of it. In fact, I insist upon being one of the family now. I've been trying long enough, haven't I? (as she does not reply, with more insistence.) Haven't I? You know I have. Mrs Birling: (smiling) Of course she does. Sheila: (half serious, half playful) Yes – except for all last summer, when you never came near me, and I wondered what had happened to you. Gerald: And I’ve told you – I was awfully busy at the works all that time. Sheila: (same tone as before) Yes,that's what you say. Mrs Birling: Now, Sheila, don't tease him. When you're married you'll realize that men with important work to do sometimes have to spend nearly all their time and energy on their business. You'll have to get used to that, just as I had. Sheila: I don't believe I will. (half playful, half serious, to Gerald.) So you be careful. Gerald: Oh – I will, I will. //Eric suddenly guffaws. His parents look at him.// Sheila: (severely) Now – what's the joke? Eric: I don't know – really. Suddenly I felt I just had to laugh. Sheila: You're squiffy. Eric: I’m not. Mrs Birling: What an expression, Sheila! Really the things you girls pick up these days! Eric: If you think that's the best she can do- Sheila: Don't be an ass, Eric. Mrs Birling: Now stop it, you two. Arthur, what about this famous toast of yours? Birling: Yes, of course. ( clears his throat.) well, Gerald, I know you agreed that we should only have this quiet little family party. It's a pity sir George and – we – lady croft can't be with us, but they're abroad and so it can't be helped. As I told you, they sent me a very nice cable – couldn't be nicer. I'm not sorry that we're celebrating quietly like this- Mrs Birling: Much nicer really. Gerald: I agree. Birling: So do I, but it makes speech-making more difficult- Eric: (not too rudely) Well. Don't do any. We'll drink their health and have done with it. 7  Birling: No, we won't. It's one of the happiest nights of my life. And one day, I hope, Eric, when you've a daughter of your own, you'll understand why. Gerald, I’m going to tell you frankly, without any pretences, that your engagement to Sheila means a tremendous lot to me. She'll make you happy, and I’m sure you'll make her happy. You're just the kind of son-in-law I always wanted. Your father and I have been friendly rivals in business for some time now – though crofts limited are both older and bigger than Birling and company – and now you've brought us together, and perhaps we may look forward to the time when Crofts and Birlings are no longer competing but are working together – for lower costs and higher prices. Gerald: Hear, hear! And I think my father would agree to that. Mrs Birling: Now, Arthur, I don't think you ought to talk business on an occasion like this. Sheila: Neither do I. All wrong. Birling: Quite so, I agree with you. I only mentioned it in passing. What I did want to say was – that Sheila’s a lucky girl – and I think you're a pretty fortunate young man too, Gerald. Gerald: I know I am – this once anyhow. Birling: ( raising his glass) So here's wishing the pair of you – the very best that life can bring. Gerald and Sheila. Mrs Birling: (raising her glass, smiling) Yes, Gerald. Yes, Sheila darling. Our congratulations and very best wishes! Gerald: Thank you. Mrs Birling: Eric! Eric: (rather noisily) All the best! She's got a nasty temper sometimes – but she's not bad really. Good old Sheila! Sheila: Chump! I can't drink to this, can I? When do I drink? Gerald: You can drink to me. Sheila: (quite and serious now) All right then. I drink to you, Gerald. //for a moment they look at each other// Gerald: (quietly) Thank you. And I drink to you – and hope I can make you as happy as you deserve to be. Shelia: (trying to be light and easy) You be careful – or I’ll start weeping. Gerald: (smiling) Well, perhaps this will help to stop it. (he produces a ring case.) Sheila: (excited) Oh – Gerald – you’ve got it – is it the one you wanted me to have? Gerald: (giving the case to her) Yes – the very one. Sheila: (taking out the ring) Oh – it's wonderful! Look – mummy – isn't it a beauty? Oh – darling - (she kisses Gerald hastily.) 8  Eric: steady the buffs! Sheila: (who has put the ring on, admiringly) I think it's perfect. Now I really feel engaged. Mrs Birling: So you ought, darling. It's a lovely ring. Be careful with it. Sheila: careful! I'll never let it go out of my sight for an instant. Comprehension check: 1. What event are the Birlings celebrating? 2. What social class is Gerald? 3. How does this differ to the Birlings? 4. Why is Mr Birling especially happy that Sheila is marrying Gerald? 5. What are our first impressions of Sheila? Mrs Birling: (smiling) Well, it came just at the right moment. That was clever of you, Gerald. Now, Arthur, if you've no more to say, I think Sheila and I had better go into the drawing room and leave you men- Birling: (rather heavily) I just want to say this.(noticing that Sheila is still admiring her ring.) are you listening, Sheila? This concerns you too. And after all I don't often make speeches at you - Sheila: I’m sorry, daddy. Actually I was listening. //she looks attentive, as they all do. He holds them for a moment before continuing.// Birling: I’m delighted about this engagement and I hope it won't be too long before you're married. And I want to say this. There's a good deal of silly talk about these days – but – and I speak as a hard-headed business man, who has to take risks and know what he's about – I say, you can ignore all this silly pessimistic talk. When you marry, you'll be marrying at a very good time. Yes, a very good time – and soon it'll be an even better time. Last month, just because the miners came out on strike, there's a lot of wild talk about possible labour trouble in the near future. Don't worry. We've passed the worst of it. We employers at last are coming together to see that our interests – and the interests of capital – are properly protected. And we're in for a time of steadily increasing prosperity. Gerald: I believe you're right, sir. Eric: What about war? Birling: Glad you mentioned it, Eric. I'm coming to that. Just because the kaiser makes a speech or two, or a few german officers have too much to drink and begin taking nonsense, you'll hear some people say that war's inevitable. And to that I say – fiddlesticks! The germans don't want war. Nobody wants war, except some half-civilized folks in the Balkans. And why? There's too much at stake these days. Everything to lose and nothing to gain by war. Eric: Yes, I know – but still - Birling: Just let me finish, Eric. You've a lot to learn yet. And I’m taking as a hard headed, practical man of business. And I say there isn't a chance of war. The world's developing so fast that it'll make war impossible. Look at the progress we're making. In a year or two we'll have aeroplanes that will be able to go anywhere. And look at the way the auto-mobile's making headway – bigger 9 and faster all the time. And then ships. Why, a friend of mine went over this new liner last week – the titanic – she sails next week – forty-six thousand eight hundred tons – new york in five days – and every luxury – and unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable. That's what you've got to keep your eye on, facts like that, progress like that – and not a few German officers taking nonsense and a few scaremongers here making a fuss about nothing. Now you three young people, just listen to this – and remember what I’m telling you now. In twenty or thirty year's time – let's say, in 1940 – you may be giving a little party like this – your son or daughter might be getting engaged – and I tell you, by that time you'll be living in a world that'll have forgotten all these capital versus labour agitations and all these silly little war scares. There'll be peace and prosperity and rapid progress everywhere – except of course in Russia, which will always be behindhand naturally. Mrs Birling: Arthur! // has Mrs Birling shows signs of interrupting.// Birling: Yes, my dear, I know – I’m talking too much. But you youngsters just remember what I Said. We can't let these Bernard Shaws and H.G.Wellses do all the talking. We hard-headed practical business men must say something sometime. And we don't guess – we've had experience - and we know. Mrs Birling. (rising. The others rise) Yes, of course, dear. Well don't keep Gerald in here too long. Eric – I want you a minute. // she and Sheila and Eric go out. Birling and Gerald sit down again.// Comprehension check: 1. How would you describe Mr Birling’s impression of what the future will be like? 2. Does Mr Birling approve or disapprove of capitalism? 3. Does Mr Birling think there will be a war? 4. What does he think of the Titanic? 5. What would an audience know when watching this in 1945/ 46? Key technique: dramatic irony – when the audience knows more about something than a character/ characters on stage Birling: Cigar? Gerald: No, thanks. Can't really enjoy them. Birling: (taking one himself) Ah, you don't know what you're missing. I like a good cigar. (indicating decanter.) help yourself. Gerald: Thank you. // Birling lights his cigar and Gerald, who had lit a cigarette, helps himself to port, then pushes the decanter to Birling.// Birling: Thanks. (confidentially.) by the way, there's something I’d like to mention – in strict confidence – while we're by ourselves. I have an idea that your mother – Lady Croft – while she doesn't object to my girl – feels you might have done better for yourself socially - // Gerald, rather embarrassed, begins to murmur some dissent, but Birling checks him.// 10  no, Gerald, that's all right. Don't blame her. She comes from an old country family – landed people and so forth – and so it's only natural. But what I wanted to say is – there's a fair chance that I might find my way into the next honours list. Just a knighthood, of course. Gerald: Oh – I say – congratulations! Birling: Thanks, but it's a bit too early for that. So don't say anything. But I’ve had a hint or two. You see, I was lord mayor here two years ago when royalty visited us. And I’ve always been regarded as a sound useful party man. So – well – I gather there's a very good chance of a knighthood – so long as we behave ourselfs, don't get into the police court or start a scandal – eh? ( laughs complacently.) Gerald: (laughs) You seem to be a nice well-behaved family - Birling: We think we are - Gerald: So if that's the only obstacle, sir , I think you might as well accept my congratulations now. Birling: No, no, I couldn't do that. And don't say anything yet. Gerald: Not even to my mother? I know she'd be delighted. Birling: Well, when she comes back, you might drop a hint to her. And you can promise her that we'll try to keep out of trouble during the next few months. //they both laugh. Eric enters// Eric: What's the joke? Started telling stories? Birling: No. want another glass of port? Eric: (sitting down) Yes, please. (takes decanter and helps himself.) mother says we mustn't stay too long. But I don't think it matters. I left'em talking about clothes again. You'd think a girl had never any clothes before she gets married. Women are potty about 'em. Birling: Yes, but you've got to remember, my boy, that clothes mean something quite different to a woman. Not just something to wear – and not only something to make 'em look prettier – but – well, a sort of sign or token of their self-respect. Gerald: That's true. Eric: (eagerly) Yes, I remember – (but he checks himself.) Birling: Well, what do you remember? Eric: (confused) Nothing. Birling: Nothing? Gerald: (amused) Sounds a bit fishy to me. Birling: (taking it in the same manner) Yes, you don't know what some of these boys get up to nowadays. More money to spend and time to spare than I had when I was Eric’s age. They worked us hard in those days and kept us short of cash. Thought even then – we broke out and had a bit of fun sometimes. 11  Gerald: I’ll bet you did. Birling: (solemnly) But this is the point. I don't want to lecture you two young fellows again. But what so many of you don't seem to understand now, when things are so much easier, is that a man has to make his own way – has to look after himself – and his family too, of course, when he has one – and so long as he does that he won't come to much harm. But the way some of these cranks talk and write now, you'd think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive – community and all that nonsense. But take my word for it, you youngsters – and I’ve learnt in the good hard school of experience – that a man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own – and - // we hear the sharp ring of a door bell. Birling stops to listen.// Eric: Somebody at the front door. Birling: Edna'll answer it. Well, have another glass of port, Gerald – and then we'll join the ladies. That'll stop me giving you good advice. Eric: Yes, you've piled it on a bit tonight, father. Birling: Special occasion. And feeling contented, for once, I wanted you to have the benefit of my experience. Comprehension check 1. What does Mr Birling think Gerald’s mother thinks of the engagement? Why? 2. What does he tell Gerald he might be receiving? 3. What does this show about the importance of social class? 4. Does the Birling family seem completely happy and content? Why/ why not? 5. What political views does Mr Birling have? What does he think of socialism? The play continues: // Edna enters// Edna: Please, sir, an inspector's called. Birling: An inspector? What kind of inspector? Edna: A police inspector. He says his name's inspector Goole. Birling: Don't know him. Does he want to see me? Edna: Yes, sir. He says it's important. Birling: All right, Edna. Show him in here. Give us some more light. // Edna does, then goes out.// I’m still on the bench. It may be something about a warrant. Gerald: (lightly) Sure to be. Unless Eric’s been up to something. (nodding confidentially to Birling.) and that would be awkward, wouldn't it? Birling: ( humorously ) Very. Eric: (who is uneasy, sharply) Here, what do you mean? 12  Gerald: (lightly) Only something we were talking about when you were out. A joke really. Eric: (still uneasy) Well, I don't think it's very funny. Birling: (sharply, staring at him) what's the matter with you? Eric: (defiantly) Nothing. Edna: (opening door, and announcing) Inspector Goole. // the inspector enters, and Edna goes, closing door after her. The inspector need not be a big man but he creates at once an impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness. He is a man in his fifties, dressed in a plain darkish suit of the period. He speaks carefully, weightily, and has a disconcerting habit of looking hard at the person he addresses before actually speaking.// Inspector: Mr Birling? Birling: Yes. Sit down inspector. Inspector: (sitting) Thank you, sir. Birling: Have a glass of port – or a little whisky? Inspector: No, thank you, Mr Birling. I'm on duty. Birling: You're new, aren't you? Inspector: Yes, sir. Only recently transferred. Birling: I thought you must be. I was an alderman for years – and lord mayor two years ago – and I’m still on the bench – so I know the Brumley police offices pretty well – and I thought I’d never seen you before. Inspector: Quite so. Birling: Well, what can I do for you? Some trouble about a warrant? Inspector: No, Mr Birling. Birling: (after a pause, with a touch of impatience) Well, what is it then? Inspector: I’d like some information, if you don't mind, Mr Birling. Two hours ago a young woman died on the infirmary. She'd been taken there this afternoon because she'd swallowed a lot of strong disinfectant. Burnt her inside out, of course. Eric: (involuntarily) My god! Inspector: Yes, she was in great agony. They did everything they could for her at the infirmary, but she died. Suicide, of course. Birling: (rather impatiently) Yes, yes. Horrid business. But I don't understand why you should come here, inspector – inspector: (cutting through, massively) I’ve been round to the room she had, and she'd left a letter there and a sort of diary. Like a lot of these young women who get into various kinds of trouble, she'd used more than one name. But her original name – her real name – was Eva Smith. Birling: (thoughtfully) Eva Smith? 13  Inspector: Do you remember her, Mr Birling? Birling: (slowly) No – I seem to remember hearing that name – Eva Smith – somewhere. But it doesn't convey anything to me. And I don't see where I come into this. Inspector: She was employed in your works at one time. Birling: Oh – that's it, is it? Well, we've several hundred young women there, y'know, and they keep changing. Inspector: This young women, Eva Smith, was out of the ordinary. I found a photograph of her in her lodgings. Perhaps you'd remember her from that. // inspector takes a photograph, about postcard size, out of his pocket and goes to Birling. Both Gerald and Eric rise to have a look at the photograph, but the inspector interposes himself between them and the photograph. They are surprised and rather annoyed. Birling stares hard, and with recognition, at the photograph, which the inspector then replaces in his pocket.// Gerald: (showing annoyance) Any particular reason why I shouldn't see this girl's photograph, inspector? Inspector: (coolly, looking hard at him) There might be. Eric: And the same applies to me, I suppose? Inspector: Yes. Gerald: I can't imagine what it could be. Eric: Neither can I. Birling: And I must say, I agree with them, inspector. Inspector: It's the way I like to go to work. One person and one line of inquiry at a time. Otherwise, there's a muddle. Birling: I see. Sensible really. (moves restlessly, then turns.) you've had enough of that port, Eric. // the inspector is watching Birling and now Birling notices him.// Inspector: I think you remember Eva Smith now don't you. Mr Birling? Birling: Yes, I do. She was one of my employees and then I discharged her. Eric: Is that why she committed suicide? When was this, father? Birling: Just keep quiet, Eric, and don't get excited. This girl left us nearly two years ago. Let me see – it must have been in the early autumn of nineteen-ten. Inspector: Yes. End of September, nineteen-ten. Birling: That's right. Gerald: Look here, sir. Wouldn't you rather I was out of this? 14 Comprehension check: 1. Who has arrived at the Birling’s house? 2. What type of inspector does he claim to be? 3. What does he tell the Birlings he is investigating? 4. What relationship does Mr Birling have to Eva Smith? 5. What did Mr Birling do to her? Birling: I don't mind your being here, Gerald. And I’m sure you've no objection, have you, inspector? Perhaps I ought to explain first that this is Mr Gerald croft – the son of sir George croft – you know, crofts limited. Inspector: Mr Gerald croft, eh? Birling: Yes. Incidentally we've been modestly celebrating his engagement to my daughter, Sheila. Inspector: I see. Mr croft is going to marry miss Sheila Birling? Gerald: (smiling) I hope so. Inspector: (gravely) Then I'd prefer you to stay. Gerald: (surprised) Oh – all right. Birling: (somewhat impatiently) Look – there's nothing mysterious – or scandalous – about this business – at least not so far as I’m concerned. It's perfectly straightforward case, and as it happened more than eighteen months ago – nearly two years ago – obviously it has nothing whatever to do with the wretched girl's suicide. Eh, inspector? Inspector: No, sir. I can't agree with you there. Birling: Why not? Inspector: Because what happened to her then may have determined what happened to her afterwards, and what happened to her afterwards may have driven her to suicide. A chain of events. Birling: Oh well – put like that, there's something in what you say. Still, I can't accept any responsibility. If we were all responsible for everything that happened to everybody we'd had anything to do with, it would be very awkward, wouldn't it? Inspector: Very awkward. Birling: We'd all be in an impossible position, wouldn't we? Eric: By jove, yes. And as you were saying, dad, a man has to look after himself- Birling: Yes, well, we needn't go into all that. Inspector: Go into what? Birling: Oh – just before you came – I’d been giving these young men a little good advice. Now – about this girl, Eva Smith. I remember her quite well now. She was a lively good-looking girl – country-bred, I fancy – and she'd been working in one of our machine shops for over a year. A good worker too. In fact, the foreman there told me he was ready to promote her into what we call a leading operator – head of a small group of girls. But after they came back from their holidays that 15 august, they were all rather restless, and they suddenly decided to ask for more money. They were averaging about twenty-two and six, which was neither more nor less than is paid generally in our industry. They wanted the rates raised so that they could average about twenty-five shillings a week. I refused, of course. Inspector: Why? Birling: (surprised) Did you say 'why?'? Inspector: Yes. Why did you refuse? Birling: Well, inspector, I don't see that it's any concern of yours how I choose to run my business. Is it now? Inspector: It might be, you know. Birling: I don't like that tone. Inspector: I’m sorry. But you asked me a question. Birling: And you asked me a question before that, a quite unnecessary question too. Inspector: It's my duty to ask questions. Birling: Well it's my duty to keep labour costs down. And if I’d agreed to this demand for a new rate we'd have added about twelve per cent to our labour costs. Does that satisfy you? So I refused. Said I couldn't consider it. We were paying the usual rates and if they didn't like those rates, they could go and work somewhere else. It's a free country, I told them. Eric: It isn't if you can't go and work somewhere else. Inspector: Quite so. Birling: (to Eric) Look – just you keep out of this. You hadn't even started in the works when this happened. So they went on strike. That didn't last long, of course. Gerald: Not if it was just after the holidays. They'd be all broke – if I know them. Birling: Right, Gerald. They mostly were. And so was the strike, after a week or two. Pitiful affair. Well, we let them all come back – at the old rates – except the four or five ring-leaders, who'd started the trouble. I went down myself and told them to clear out. And this girl. Eva Smith, was one of them, she'd had a lot to say – far too much – so she had to go. Gerald: You couldn't have done anything else. Eric: He could. He could have kept her on instead of throwing her out. I call it tough luck. Birling: Rubbish! If you don't come down sharply on some of these people, they'd soon be asking for the earth. Gerald: I should say so! Inspector: They might. But after all it's better to ask for the earth than to take it. Birling: (staring at the inspector) What did you say your name was, inspector? Inspector: google. G. double O-L-E. 16  Birling: How do you get on with our chief constable, colonel Roberts? Inspector: I don't see much of him. Birling: Perhaps I ought to warn you that he's an old friend of mine, and that I see him fairly frequently. We play golf together sometimes up at the west Brumley. Inspector: (dryly) I don't play golf. Birling: I didn't suppose you did. Eric: (bursting out) Well, I think it's a dam' shame. Inspector: No, I’ve never wanted to play. Eric: No, I mean about this girl – Eva Smith. Why shouldn't they try for higher wages? We try for the highest possible prices. And I don't see why she should have been sacked just because she'd a bit more spirit than the others. You said yourself she was a good worker. I'd have let her stay. Birling: (rather angrily) Unless you brighten your ideas, you'll never be in a position to let anybody stay or to tell anybody to go. It's about time you learnt to face a few responsibilities. That's something this public-school-and-varsity life you've had doesn't seem to teach you. Eric: (sulkily) Well, we don't need to tell the inspector all about that, do we? Birling: I don't see we need to tell the inspector anything more. In fact, there's nothing I can tell him. I told the girl to clear out, and she went. That's the last I heard of her. Have you any idea what happened to her after that? Get into trouble? Go on the streets? Inspector: (rather slowly) No, she didn't exactly go on the streets. Comprehension check: 1. Why did Mr Birling fire Eva Smith? 2. What was he motivated by? 3. What does this show about capitalism? 4. How does Gerald react to Mr Birling’s actions? 5. How does Eric react to his father’s actions? //Sheila has now entered// Sheila: (gaily) What's this about streets? (noticing the inspector.) Oh – sorry. I didn't know. Mummy sent me in to ask you why you didn't come along to the drawing-room. Birling: We shall be along in a minute now. Just finishing. Inspector: I’m afraid not. Birling: (abruptly) There's nothing else, y'know. I've just told you that. Sheila: What's all this about? Birling: Nothing to do with you, Sheila. Run along. Inspector: No, wait a minute, Miss Birling. 17 Birling: (angrily) Look here, inspector, I consider this uncalled-for and officious. I've half a mind to report you. I've told you all I know – and it doesn't seem to me very important – and now there isn't the slightest reason why my daughter should be dragged into this unpleasant business. Sheila: (coming father in) What business? What's happening? Inspector: (impressively) I'm a police inspector, miss Birling. This afternoon a young woman drank some disinfectant, and died, after several hours of agony, tonight in the infirmary. Sheila: Oh – how horrible! Was it an accident? Inspector: No. she wanted to end her life. She felt she couldn't go on any longer. Birling: Well, don't tell me that's because I discharged her from my employment nearly two years ago. Eric: That might have started it. Sheila: Did you, dad? Birling: Yes. The girl had been causing trouble in the works. I was quite justified. Gerald: Yes, I think you were. I know we'd have done the same thing. Don't look like that Sheila. Sheila: (rather distressed) Sorry! It's just that I can't help thinking about this girl – destroying herself so horribly – and I’ve been so happy tonight. Oh I wish you hadn't told me. What was she like? Quite young? Inspector: Yes. Twenty-four. Sheila: Pretty? Inspector: She wasn't pretty when I saw her today, but she had been pretty – very pretty. Birling: That's enough of that. Gerald: And I don't really see that this inquiry gets you anywhere, inspector. It's what happened to her since she left Mr Birling's works that is important. Birling: Obviously. I suggested that some time ago. Gerald: And we can't help you there because we don't know. Inspector: (slowly) Are you sure you don't know. // He looks at Gerald, then at Eric, then at Sheila.// Birling: And are you suggesting now that one of them knows something about this girl? Inspector: Yes. Birling: You didn't come here just to see me, then? Inspector: No. // the other four exchange bewildered and perturbed glances.// 18  Birling: ( with marked change of tone) Well, of course, if I’d known that earlier, I wouldn't has called you officious and talked about reporting you. You understand that, don't you, inspector? I thought that – for some reason best known to yourself – you were making the most of this tiny bit of information I could give you. I'm sorry. This makes a difference. You sure of your facts? Inspector: Some of them – yes. Birling: I can't think they can be of any great consequence. Inspector: The girl's dead though. Sheila: What do you mean by saying that? You talk as if we were responsible-- Birling: (cutting in) Just a minute, Sheila. Now , inspector, perhaps you and I had better go and talk this over quietly in a corner-- Sheila: (cutting in) Why should you? He's finished with you. He says it's one of us now. Birling: Yes, and I’m trying to settle it sensibly for you. Gerald: Well, there's nothing to settle as far as I’m concerned. I've never known an Eva Smith. Eric: Neither have I. Sheila: Was that her name? Eva Smith? Gerald: Yes. Sheila: Never heard it before. Gerald: So where are you now inspector? Inspector: Where I was before, Mr croft. I told you – that like a lot of these young women, she'd used more than one name. She was still Eva Smith when Mr Birling sacked her – for wanting twenty-five shillings a week instead of twenty-two and six. But after that she stopped being Eva Smith. Perhaps she'd had enough of it. Eric: Can't blame her. Sheila: (to Birling) I think it was a mean thing to do. Perhaps that spoilt everything for her. Birling: Rubbish! (to inspector.) Do you know what happened to this girl after she left my works? Inspector: Yes. She was out of work for the next two months. Both her parents were dead, so that she'd no home to go back to. And she hadn't been able to save much out of what Birling and company had paid her. So that after two months, with no work, no money coming in, and living in lodgings, with no relatives to help her, few friends, lonely, half-starved, she was feeling desperate. Sheila: (warmly) I should think so. It's a rotten shame. Inspector: There are a lot of young women living that sort of existence in every city and big town in this country, Miss Birling. If there weren't, the factories and warehouses wouldn't know where to look for cheap labour. Ask your father. Sheila: But these girls aren't cheap labour – they're people. 19  Inspector: (dryly) I’ve had that notion myself from time to time. In fact, I've thought that it would do us all a bit of good if sometimes we tried to put ourselves in the place of these young women counting their pennies, in their dingy little back bedrooms. Sheila: Yes, I expect it would. But what happened to her then? Inspector: She had what seemed to her a wonderful stroke of luck. She was taken on in a shop – and a good shop too – Milwards. Sheila: Milwards! We go there – in fact, I was there this afternoon – (archly to Gerald) for your benefit. Gerald: (smiling) Good! Sheila: Yes, she was a lucky to get taken on at Milwards. Inspector: That's what she thought. And it happened that at the beginning of December that year – nineteen-ten – there was a good deal of influenza about and Milwards suddenly found themselves short handed. So that gave her a chance. It seems she liked working there. It was nice change from a factory. She enjoyed being among pretty clothes, I've no doubt. And now she felt she was making a good fresh start. You can imagine how she felt. Sheila: Yes, of course. Birling: And then she got herself into trouble there, I suppose? Inspector: After about a couple of months, just when she felt she was settling down nicely, they told her she'd have to go. Birling: Not doing her work properly? Inspector: there was nothing wrong with the way she was doing her work. They admitted that. Birling: There must have been something wrong. Inspector: All she knew was – that a customer complained about her – and so she had to go. Sheila: (staring at him, agitated) When was this? Inspector: (impressively) At the end of January – last year. Sheila: What – what did this girl look like? Inspector: If you'll come over here, I'll show you. // He moves nearer a light – perhaps standard lamp – and she crosses to him. He produces the photograph. She looks at it closely, recognizes it with a little cry, gives a half-stifled sob, and then runs out. The inspector puts the photograph back in his pocket and stares speculatively after her. The other three stare in amazement for a moment.// Comprehension check: 1. What is Sheila’s reaction to hearing about Eva Smith’s death? 2. What did Eva Smith do to her name after being fired? 3. What does Sheila think of her father’s actions towards Eva Smith? 4. What did Eva Smith do next after being fired by Birling? What happened to her there? 20  5. Why do you think Sheila is so distressed on seeing the photograph? Birling: What's the matter with her? Eric: She recognized her from the photograph, didn't she? Inspector: Yes. Birling: (angrily) Why the devil do you want to go upsetting the child like that? Inspector: I didn't do it. She's upsetting herself. Birling: Well – why – why? Inspector: I don't know – yet. That's something I have to find out. Birling: (still angrily) Well – if you don't mind – I'll find out first. Gerald: Shall I go after her? Birling: (moving) No, leave this to me. I must also have a word with my wife – tell her what's happening. (turns at the door, staring at the inspector angrily.) We were having a nice family celebration tonight. And a nasty mess you've made of it now, haven't you? Inspector: (steadily) That's more or less what I was thinking earlier tonight when I was in the infirmary looking at what was left of Eva Smith. A nice little promising life there, I thought, and a nasty mess somebody's made of it. // Birling looks as if about to make some retort, then thinks better of it, and goes out, closing door sharply behind him. Gerald and Eric exchange uneasy glances. The inspector ignores them.// Gerald: I’d like to have a look at that photograph now, inspector. Inspector: All in good time. Gerald: I don't see why - Inspector: (cutting in, massively) You heard what I said before, Mr Croft. One line of inquiry at a time. Otherwise we'll all be taking at once and won't know where we are. If you've anything to tell me, you'll have an opportunity of doing it soon. Gerald: (rather uneasily) Well, I don't suppose I have – Eric: (suddenly bursting out) I'm sorry – but you see – we were having a little party – and I’ve had a few drinks, including rather a lot of champagne – and I’ve got a headache – and as I'm only in the way here – I think I'd better turn in. inspector: And I think you'd better stay here. Eric: Why should I? Inspector: It might be less trouble. If you turn in, you might have to turn out again soon. Gerald: Getting a bit heavy-handed, aren't you, inspector? Inspector: Possibly. But if you're easy with me, I'm easy with you. Gerald: After all, y'know, we're respectable citizens and not criminals. 21  Inspector: Sometimes there isn't much difference as you think. Often , if it was left to me, I wouldn't know where to draw the line. Gerald: Fortunately, it isn't left to you, is it? Inspector: No, it isn't. But some things are left to me. Inquiries of this sort, for instance. // Enter Sheila, who looks as if she's been crying.// Well, Miss Birling? Sheila: (coming in, closing the door) You knew it was me all the time, didn't you? Inspector: I had an idea it might be – from something the girl herself wrote. Sheila: I've told my father – he didn't seem to think it amounted to much – but I felt rotten about it at the time and now I feel a lot worse. Did it make much difference to her? Inspector: Yes, I’m afraid it did. It was the last real steady job she had. When she lost it – for no reason that she could discover – she decided she might as well try another kind of life. Sheila: (miserably) So I’m really responsible? Inspector: No, not entirely. A good deal happened to her after that. But you're partly to blame. Just as your father is. Eric: But what did Sheila do? Sheila: (distressed) I went to the manager at Milwards and I told him that if they didn't get rid of that girl, I’d never go near the place again and I’d persuade mother to close our account with them. Inspector: And why did you do that? Sheila: Because I was in a furious temper. Inspector: And what had this girl done to make you lose your temper. Sheila: When I was looking at myself in the mirror I caught sight of her smiling at the assistant, and I was furious with her. I'd been in a bad temper anyhow. Inspector: And was it the girl’s fault? Sheila: No, not really. It was my own fault. (suddenly, to Gerald) All right, Gerald, you needn't look at me like that. At least, I'm trying to tell the truth. I expect you've done things you're ashamed of too. Gerald: (surprised) Well, I never said I hadn't. I don't see why – inspector:(cutting in) Never mind about that. You can settle that between you afterwards. (to Sheila.) What happened? Sheila: I'd gone in to try something on. It was an idea of my own – mother had been against it, and so had the assistant – but I insisted. As soon as I tried it on, I knew they'd been right. It just didn't suit me at all. I looked silly in the thing. Well, this girl had brought the dress up from the workroom, and when the assistant – miss Francis – had asked her something about it, this girl, to 22 show us what she meant, had held the dress up, as if she was wearing it. And it just suited her. She was the right type for it, just as I was the wrong type. She was very pretty too – with big dark eyes – and that didn't make it any better. Well, when I tried the thing on and looked at myself and knew that it was all wrong, I caught sight of this girl smiling at miss Francis – as if to say: 'doesn't she look awful' – and I was absolutely furious. I was very rude to both of them, and then I went to the manager and told him that this girl had been very impertinent – and – and – (she almost breaks down, but just controls herself.) How could I know what would happen afterwards? If she'd been some miserable plain little creature, I don't suppose I’d have done it. But she was very pretty and looked as if she could take care of herself. I couldn't be sorry for her. Inspector: In fact, in a kind of way, you might be said to have been jealous of her. Sheila: Yes, I suppose so. Inspector: And so you used the power you had, as a daughter of a good customer and also of a man well known in the town, to punish the girl just because she made you feel like that? Sheila: Yes, but it didn't seem to be anything very terrible at the time. Don't you understand? And if I could help her now, I would--- Inspector:(harshly) Yes, but you can't. It's too late. She's dead. Eric: My god, it's a bit thick, when you come to think of it---- Sheila: (stormily) Oh shut up, Eric. I know I know. It's the only time I’ve ever done anything like that, and I’ll never, never do it again to anybody. I've noticed them giving me a sort of look sometimes at Milwards – I noticed it even this afternoon – and I suppose some of them remember. I feel now I can never go there again. Oh – why had this to happen? Inspector: (sternly) That's what I asked myself tonight when I was looking at that dead girl. And then I said to myself: 'well, we'll try to understand why it had to happen?' and that's why I'm here, and why I’m, not going until I know all that happened. Eva Smith lost her job with Birling and company because the strike failed and they were determined not to have another one. At last she found another job – under what name I don't know – in a big shop, and had to leave there because you were annoyed with yourself and passed the annoyance on to her. Now she had to try something else. So first she changed her name to Daisy Renton- Gerald: (startled) What? Inspector: (steadily) I said she changed her name to Daisy Renton. Gerald: (pulling himself together) D'you mind if I give myself a drink, Sheila? // Sheila merely nods, still staring at him, and he goes across to the tantalus on the sideboard for a whisky.// Comprehension check: 1. Why did Sheila complain about Eva Smith? 2. How does Sheila feel now about her actions? 3. Is it fair Eva Smith was fired again? 4. How does Gerald react to the name Daisy Renton? 23  5. Why do you think this is? Inspector: Where is your father, Miss Birling? Sheila: He went into the drawing room, to tell mother what was happening here. Eric, take the inspector along to the drawing-room. // As Eric moves, the inspector looks from Sheila to Gerald, then goes out with Eric.// Well, Gerald? Gerald: (trying to smile) Well what, Sheila? Sheila: How did you come to know this girl – Eva Smith? Gerald: I didn't. Sheila: Daisy Renton then – it's the same thing. Gerald: Why should I have to known her? Sheila: Oh don't be stupid. We haven't much time. You gave yourself away as soon as he mentioned her other name. Gerald: All right. I knew her. Let's leave it at that. Sheila: We can't leave it at that. Gerald: (approaching her) Now listen, darling-- Sheila: no, that's no use. You not only knew her but you knew her very well. Otherwise, you wouldn't look so guilty about it. When did you first get to know her? // he does not reply// Was it after she left Milwards? When she changed her name, as he said, and began to lead a different sort of life? Were you seeing her last spring and summer, during that time you hardly came near me and said you were so busy? Were you? // he does not reply but looks at her.// Yes, of course you were. Gerald: I'm sorry, Sheila. But it was all over and done with, last summer. I hadn't set eyes on the girl for at least six months. I don't come into this suicide business. Sheila: I thought I didn't half an hour ago. Gerald: You don't. Neither of us does. So – for god's sake – don't say anything to the inspector. Sheila: About you and this girl? Gerald: Yes. We can keep it from him. Sheila: (laughs rather hysterically) why – you fool – he knows. Of course he knows. And I hate to think how much he knows that we don't know yet. You'll see. You'll see. 24  // she looks at him almost in triumph. He looks crushed. The doors slowly opens and the inspector appears, looking steadily and searchingly at them.// Inspector: Well? END OF ACT ONE Comprehension check 1. What does Sheila guess was happening between Daisy Renton and Gerald? 2. How does Gerald respond to this? 3. Who does Gerald say they should keep it from? 4. What does Sheila say in response? What does this suggest about her? 5. How does the act end? Act Two Act two // At rise, scene and situation are exactly as they were at end of act one. The Inspector remains at the door for a few moments looking at Sheila and Gerald. Then he comes forward, leaving door open behind him.// Inspector: (To Gerald) Well? Sheila: (with hysterical laugh, to Gerald) You see? What did I tell you? Inspector What did you tell him? Gerald (with an effort) inspector, I think Miss Birling ought to be excused any more of this questioning. She'd nothing more to tell you. She's had a long exciting and tiring day – we were celebrating our engagement, you know – and now she's obviously had about as much as she can stand. You heard her. Sheila: He means that I'm getting hysterical now. Inspector: And are you? Sheila: probably. Inspector: well, I don't want to keep you here. I've no more questions to ask you. Sheila: no, but you haven't finished asking questions – have you? Inspector: No. Sheila: (to Gerald) You see? (to inspector.) then I'm staying. Gerald: Why should you? It's bound to be unpleasant and disturbing. Inspector: and you think young women ought to be protected against unpleasant and disturbing things? Gerald: if possible – yes. Inspector: well, we know one young woman who wasn't, don't we? Gerald: I suppose I asked for that. 25  Sheila : be careful you don't ask for more, Gerald. Gerald: I only meant to say to you – why stay when you'll hate it? Sheila: It can't be any worse for me than it has been. And it might be better. Gerald: (bitterly) I see. Sheila: what do you see? Gerald: You've been through it – and now you want to see somebody else put through it. Sheila: (bitterly) so that's what you think I'm like. I'm glad I realized it in time, Gerald. Gerald: no, no, I didn't mean - Sheila: (cutting in) Yes, you did. And if you'd really loved me, you couldn't have said that. You listened to that nice story about me. I got that girl sacked from Milwards. And now you've made up your mind I must obviously be a selfish, vindictive creature. Gerald: I neither said that nor even suggested it. Sheila: Then why say I want to see somebody else put through it? That's not what I mean at all. Gerald: All right then, I'm sorry. Sheila: Yes, but you don't believe me. And this is just the wrong time not to believe me. Inspector: (massively taking charge) allow me, miss Birling. (to Gerald.) I can tell you why miss Birling wants to stay on and why she says it might be better for her if she did. A girl died tonight. A pretty, lively sort of girl, who never did anybody any harm. But she died in misery and agony – hating life – Sheila: (Distressed) don't please – I know, I know – and I can't stop thinking about it – Inspector: (Ignoring this) now miss Birling has just been made to understand what she did to this girl. She feels responsible. And if she leaves us now, and doesn't hear any more, then she'll feel she's entirely to blame, she'll be alone with her responsibility, the rest of tonight, all tomorrow, all the next night-- Sheila: (eagerly) Yes, that's it. And I know I'm to blame – and I'm desperately sorry – but I can't believe – I won't believe – it's simply my fault that in that in the end she – she committed suicide. That would be too horrible – Inspector: (sternly to them both) You see, we have to share something. If there's nothing else, we'll have to share our guilt. Sheila: (staring at him) yes. That's true. You know. (she goes close to him, wonderingly.) I don't understand about you. Inspector: (calmly) there's no reason why you should. // he regards her calmly while she stares at him wonderingly and dubiously. Now Mrs Birling. Enters, briskly and self-confidently, quite out of key with the little scene that has just passed. Sheila feels this at once.// 26  Mrs Birling: (smiling social) Good evening inspector. Inspector: good evening, madam. Mrs Birling: (same easy tone) I'm Mrs Birling, y'know. My husband has just explained why you're here, and while we'll be glad to tell you anything you want to know, I don't think we can help you much. Sheila: No. mother – please! Mrs Birling: (affecting great surprise) what's the matter, Sheila? Sheila:(hesitantly) I know it sounds silly-- Mrs Birling: what does? Sheila: you see, I feel you're beginning all wrong. And I'm afraid you'll say or do something that you'll be sorry for afterwards. Mrs Birling: I don't know what you're talking about, Sheila. Sheila: we all started like that – so confident, so pleased with ourselves until he began asking us questions. // Mrs Birling looks from Sheila to the inspector.// Mrs Birling: you seem to have made a great impression on this child, inspector. Inspector: (coolly) we often do on the young ones. They're more impressionable. //He and Mrs Birling look at each other for a moment. Then Mrs Birling turns to sheila again// Mrs Birling: you're looking tired, dear. I think you ought to go to bed – and forget about this absurd business. You'll feel better in the morning. Sheila: mother, I couldn't possibly go. Nothing could be worse for me. We've settled all that. I'm staying here until I know why that girl killed herself. Mrs Birling: nothing but morbid curiosity. Sheila: no it isn't. Mrs Birling: please don't contradict me like that. And in any case I don't suppose for a moment that we can understand why the girl committed suicide. Girls of that class-- Sheila:(urgently, cutting in) mother, don't – please don't. For your own sake, as well as ours, you mustn't-- Mrs Birling: (annoyed) mustn't – what? Really, sheila! Sheila: (slowly, carefully now) you mustn't try to build up a kind of wall between us and that girl. If you do, then the inspector will just break it down. And it'll be all the worse when he does. Comprehension check: 27  1. Which character knows best what the inspector is doing? 2. How does Mrs Birling view Eva/ Daisy? 3. Why does Sheila want to stay? Mrs Birling: I don't understand you. ( to inspector.) Do you? Inspector: yes. And she'd right. Mrs Birling: (haughtily) I beg your pardon! Inspector: (very plainly) I said yes – I do understand her. And she's right. Mrs Birling: that – I consider – is a trifle impertinent, inspector. // Sheila gives short hysterical laugh// now, what is it, Sheila? Sheila: I don't know. Perhaps it's because impertinent is such a silly word. Mrs Birling: in any case.... Sheila: but, mother, do stop before it's too late. Mrs Birling: if you mean that the inspector will take offence- inspector: (cutting in, clamly) no, no. I never take offence. Mrs Birling: i'm glad to hear it. Though I must add that it seems to me that we have more reason for taking offence. Inspector: let's leave offence out of it, shall we? Gerald: I think we'd better. Sheila: so do I. Mrs Birling: (rebuking them) I'm talking to the inspector now, if you don't mind. (to inspector, rather grandly.) I realize that you may have to conduct some sort of inquiry, but I must say that so far you seem to be conducting in a rather peculiar and offensive manner. You know of course that my husband was lord mayor only two years ago and that he's still a magistrate-- Gerald: (cutting, rather impatiently) Mrs Birling, the inspector knows all that. And I don't think it's a very good idea to remind him-- Sheila: (cutting in) It's crazy. Stop it, please, mother. Inspector: (imperturbable) Yes. Now what about Mr Birling? Mrs Birling: He's coming back in a moment. He's just talking to my son, Eric, who seems to be in an excitable silly mood. Inspector: What's the matter with him? Mrs Birling: Eric? Oh – I'm afraid he may have had rather too much to drink tonight. We were having a little celebration here-- inspector: (cutting in) isn't he used to drinking? 28  Mrs Birling: No, of course not. He's only a boy. Inspector: No, he's a young man. And some young men drink far too much. Sheila: And Eric's one of them. Mrs Birling: (very sharply) Sheila! Sheila:(urgently) I don't want to get poor Eric into trouble. He's probably in enough trouble already. But we really must stop these silly pretences. This isn't the time to pretend that Eric isn't used to drink. He's been steadily drinking too much for the last two years. Mrs Birling: (staggered) it isn't true. You know him, Gerald -and you're a man – you must know it isn't true. Inspector:(as Gerald hesitates) Well, Mr Croft? Gerald: (apologetically, to Mrs Birling) I'm afraid it is, y'know. Actually I've never seen much of him outside this house – but- well, I have gathered that he does drink pretty hard. Mrs Birling: (bitterly) And this is the time you choose to tell me. Sheila: yes, of course it is. That's what I meant when I talked about building up a wall that's sure to be knocked flat. It makes it all harder to bear. Mrs Birling: But it's you – and not the inspector here – who's doing it-- Sheila: yes, but don't you see? He hasn't started on you yet. Mrs Birling: (after a pause, recovering herself) if necessary I shall be glad to answer any questions the inspector wishes to ask me. Though naturally I don't know anything about this girl. Inspector: (gravely) we'll see, Mrs Birling. //enter Birling, who closes door behind him// Birling: (rather hot, bothered) I've been trying to persuade Eric to go to bed, but he won't. Now he says you told him to stay up. Did you? Inspector: Y es, I did Birling: why? Inspector: because I shall want to talk to him, Mr Birling. Birling: I can't see why you should, but if you must, then I suggest you do it now. Have him in and get it over, then let the lad go. Inspector: no, I can't do that yet. I'm sorry, but he'll have to wait. Birling: now look here, inspector-- inspector: (cutting in, with authority) he must wait his turn. Sheila: (to Mrs Birling) you see? Mrs Birling: no, I don't. And please be quiet, Sheila. 29  Birling: (angrily) inspector, I've told you before, I don't like the tone nor the way you're handling this inquiry. And I don't propose to give you much rope. Inspector: you needn't give me any rope. Sheila: (rather wildly, with laugh) No, he's giving us the rope – so that we'll hang ourselves. Birling: (to Mrs Birling) What's the matter with that child? Mrs Birling: over-excited. And she refuses to go. (with sudden anger, to inspector.) well, come along – what is it you want to know? Inspector: (coolly) at the end of january, last year, this girl Eva Smith had to leave Milwards, because Miss Birling compelled them to discharge her, and then she stopped being Eva Smith, looking for a job, and became Daisy Renton, with other ideas. (sharply turning on him.) Mr croft, when did you first get to know her? // An exclamation of surprise from birling and Mrs Birling. // Gerald: where did you get the idea that I did know her? Sheila: it's no use, Gerald. You're wasting time. Inspector: as soon as I mentioned the name Daisy Renton, it was obvious you'd known her. You gave yourself away at once. Sheila: (bitterly) of course he did. Inspector: and anyhow I knew already. When and where did you first meet her? Gerald: all right, if you must have it. I met her first, sometime in March last year, in the stalls bar at the palace. I mean the palace music hall here in Brumley- Sheila: well, we didn't think you meant Buckingham palace. Gerald: (to Sheila) thanks. You're going to be a great help, I can see. You've said your piece, and you're obviously going to hate this, so why on earth don't you leave us to it? Sheila: nothing would induce me. I want to understand exactly what happens when a man says he's so busy at the works that he can hardly ever find time to come and see the girl he's supposed to be in love with. I wouldn't miss it for worlds-- Inspector: (with authority) yes, Mr Croft – in the stalls bar at the palace variety theatre... Gerald: I happened to look in, one night, after a long dull day, and as the show wasn't very bright, I went down into the bar for a drink. It's a favourite haunt of women of the town-- Mrs Birling: women of the town? Birling: yes, yes. But I see no point in mentioning the subject – especially -(indicating Sheila.) Mrs Birling: it would be much better if Sheila didn't listen to this story at all. Sheila: but you're forgetting I'm supposed to be engaged to the hero of it. Go on, Gerald. You went down into the bar, which is a favourite haunt of the women of the town. 30  Gerald: I'm glad I amuse you- inspector: (sharply) come along, mr croft. What happened? Gerald: I didn't propose to stay long down there. I hate those hard-eyed dough-faced women. But then I noticed a girl who looked quite different. She was very pretty – soft brown hair and big dark eyes- (breaks off.) My god! Inspector: what's the matter? Gerald: (distressed) sorry – I – well, I've suddenly realized – taken it in properly – that's she's dead-- Inspector: (harshly) yes, she's dead. Sheila: and probably between us we killed her. Mrs Birling: (sharply) Sheila, don't talk nonsense. Sheila: you wait, mother. Inspector: (to Gerald) go on. Gerald: she looked young and fresh and charming and altogether out of place down here. And obviously she wasn't enjoying herself. Old Joe Meggarty, half-drunk and goggle-eyed, had wedged her into a corner with that obscene fat carcass of his-- Mrs Birling: (cutting in) there's no need to be disgusting. And surely you don't mean Alderman Meggarty? Gerald: of course I do. He's a notorious womanizer as well as being one of the worst sots and rogues in Brumley-- Inspector: Quite right. Mrs Birling: (staggered) well, really! Alderman Meggarty! I must say, we are learning something tonight. Sheila: (coolly) of course we are. But everybody knows about that horrible old Meggarty. A girl I know had to see him at the town hall one afternoon and she only escaped with a torn blouse-- Birling: ( sharply, shocked) Sheila! Comprehension check: 1. What are ‘women of the town’? 2. Where did Gerald meet Daisy? 3. How does Mrs Birling react to hearing about this? Inspector: (to Gerald) go on, please. Gerald: the girl saw me looking at her and then gave me a glance that was nothing less than a cry for help. So I went across and told Joe Meggarty some nonsense – that the manager had a message for him or something like that – got him out of the way – and then told the girl that if she 31 didn't want any more of that sort of thing, she'd better let me take her out of there. She agreed at once. Inspector: where did you go? Gerald: we went along to the county hotel, which I knew would be quiet at that time of night, and we had a drink or two and talked. Inspector: did she drink much at the time? Gerald: no. she only had a port and lemonade – or some such concoction. All she wanted was to talk – a little friendliness – and I gathered that Joe Meggarty's advances had left her rather shaken – as well they might-- Inspector: she talked about herself? Gerald: yes. I asked her questions about herself. She told me her name was Daisy Renton, that she'd lost both parents, that she came originally from somewhere outside Brumley. She also told me she'd had a job in one of the works here and had had to leave after a strike. She said something about the shop too, but wouldn't say which it was, and she was deliberately vague about what happened. I couldn't get any exact details from her about herself – just because she felt I was interested and friendly – but at the same time she wanted to be Daisy Renton – and not Eva Smith. In fact, I heard that name for the first time tonight. What she did let slip – though she didn't mean to – was that she was desperately hard up and at that moment was actually hungry. I made the people at the county find some food for her. Inspector: and then you decided to keep her – as your mistress? Mrs Birling: what? Sheila: of course, mother. It was obvious from the start. Go on, Gerald. Don't mind mother. Gerald: (steadily ) I discovered, not that night but two nights later, when we met again – not accidentally this time of course - that in fact she hadn't a penny and was going to be turned out of the miserable back room she had. It happened that a friend of mine, Charlie Brunswick, had gone off to Canada for six months and had let me have the key of a nice little set of rooms he had – in Morgan Terrace – and had asked me to keep an eye on them for him and use them if I wanted to. So I insisted on Daisy moving into those rooms and I made her take some money to keep her going there. (carefully, to the inspector.) I want you to understand that I didn't install her there so that I could make love to her. I made her go to Morgan Terrace because I was sorry for her, and didn't like the idea of her going back to the palace bar. I didn't ask for anything in return. Inspector: I see. Sheila: yes, but why are you saying that to him? You ought to be saying it to me, Gerald: I suppose I ought really. I'm sorry, Sheila. Somehow i-- Sheila: (cutting in, as he hesitates) I know. Somehow he makes you. Inspector: but she became your mistress? 32  Gerald: yes. I suppose it was inevitable. She was young and pretty and warm hearted – and intensely grateful. I became at once the most important person in her life – you understand? Inspector: yes. She was a woman. She was lonely. Were you in love with her? Sheila: just what I was going to ask! Birling: (angrily) I really must protest-- Inspector: (turning on him sharply) why should you do any protesting? It was you who turned the girl out in the first place. Birling: (rather taken aback) well, I only did what any employer might have done. And what I was in which my daughter, a young unmarried girl, is being dragged into this-- inspector: (sharply) your daughter isn't living on the moon. She's here in brumley too. Sheila: yes, and it was I who had the girl turned out of her job at Milwards. And I'm supposed to be engaged to Gerald. And I'm not a child, don't forget. I've a right to know. Were you in love with her, Gerald? Gerald: (hesitatingly) it's hard to say. I didn't feel about her as she felt about me. Sheila: (with sharp sarcasm) of course not. You were the wonderful fairy prince. You must have adored it, Gerald. Gerald: all right – I did for a time. Nearly any man would have done. Sheila: that's probably about the best thing you've said tonight. At least it's honest. Did you go and see her every night? Gerald: no. I wasn't telling you a complete lie when I said i'd been very busy at the works all that time. We were very busy. But of course I did see a good deal of her. Mrs Birling: I don't think we want any further details of this disgusting affair-- Sheila: (cutting in) I do. And anyhow, we haven't had any details yet. Gerald: and you're not going to have any. (to Mrs Birling.) you know, it wasn't disgusting. Mrs Birling: it's disgusting to me. Sheila: yes, but after all, you didn't come into this, did you, mother? Gerald: is there anything else you want to know – that you ought to know? Inspector: yes. When did this affair end? Gerald: I can tell you exactly. In the first week of September. I had to go away for several weeks then – on business – and by that time daisy knew it was coming to an end. So I broke it off definitely before I went. Inspector: how did she take it? Gerald: better than I'd hoped. She was – very gallant – about it. 33  Sheila: ( with irony) that was nice for you. Gerald: No, it wasn't. ( he waits a moment, then in a low, troubled tone.) she told me she'd been happier than she'd ever been before – but that she knew it couldn't last – hadn't expected it to last. She didn't blame me at all. I wish to God she had now. Perhaps I'd feel better about it. Inspector: she had to move out of those rooms? Gerald: Yes, we'd agreed about that. She'd saved a little money during the summer – she'd lived very economically on what I'd allowed her – and didn't want to take more from me, but I insisted on a parting gift of enough money – though it wasn't so very much – to see her through to the end of the year. Inspector: did she tell you what she proposed to do after you'd left her? Gerald: No. she refused to talk about that. I got the idea, once or twice from what she said, that she thought of leaving Brumley. Whether she did or not – I don't know. Did she? Inspector: Yes. She went away for about two months. To some seaside place. Gerald: By herself? Inspector: Yes. I think she went away – to be alone, to be quiet, to remember all that had happened between you. Gerald: how do you know that? Inspector: she kept a rough sort of diary. And she said there that she had to go away and be quiet and remember ' just to make it last longer'. She felt there'd never be anything as good again for her – so she had to make it last longer. Gerald: (gravely) I see. Well, I never saw her again, and that's all I can tell you. Inspector: It's all I want to know from you. Gerald: in that case – as I'm rather more – upset – by this business than I probably appear to be – and – well, I’d like to be alone for a while – I'd be glad if you'd let me go. Inspector: Go where? Home? Gerald: No. I'll just go out – walk about – for a while, if you don't mind. I'll come back. Inspector: all right, Mr Croft. Sheila: but just in case you forget – or decide not to come back, Gerald, I think you'd better take this with you. (she hands him the ring.) Gerald: I see. Well, I was expecting this. Sheila: I don't dislike you as I did half an hour ago, Gerald. In fact, in some odd way, I rather respect you more than I've ever done before. I knew anyhow you were lying about those months last year when you hardly came near me. I knew there was something fishy about that time. And now at least you've been honest. And I believe what you told us about the way you helped her at first. Just out of pity. And it was my fault really that she was so desperate when you first met her. But this has 34 made a difference. You and I aren't the same people who sat down to dinner here. We'd have to start all over again, getting to know each other-- Birling: Now, Sheila, I'm not defending him. But you must understand that a lot of young men- Sheila: don't interfere, please, father. Gerald knows what I mean, and you apparently don't. Gerald: Yes, I know what you mean. But I'm coming back – if I may. Sheila: all right. Mrs Birling: Well, really, I don't know. I think we've just about come to an end of this wretched business-- Gerald: I don't think so. Excuse me. // he goes out. They watch him go in silence. We hear the front door slam.// Comprehension check: 1. How did Gerald ‘help’ Daisy Renton? 2. What was the relationship between them? 3. Why did he break it off? 4. How does Sheila react? 5. How does Mrs Birling react? Sheila: ( to inspector) you know, you never showed him that photograph of her. Inspector: No. it wasn't necessary. And I thought it better not to. Mrs Birling: you have a photograph of this girl? Inspector: Yes. I think you'd better look at it. Mrs Birling: I don't see any particular reason why I should- Inspector: probably not. But you'd better look at it. Mrs Birling: very well. (he produces the photograph and she looks hard at it.) inspector: (taking back the photograph) you recognize her? Mrs Birling: No. why should I? Inspector: of course she might have changed lately, but I can't believe she could have changed so much. Mrs Birling: I don't understand you, Inspector. Inspector: you mean you don't choose to do, Mrs Birling. Mrs Birling: (angrily) I meant what I said. Inspector: you're not telling me the truth. Mrs Birling: I beg your pardon! 35  Birling: (angrily, to Inspector) Look here, I'm not going to have this, Inspector. You'll apologize at once. Inspector: Apologize for what – doing my duty? Birling: No, for being so offensive about it. I'm a public man- Inspector: (massively) Public men, Mr Birling, have responsibilities as well as privileges. Birling: Possibly. But you weren't asked to come here to talk to me about my responsibilities. Sheila: Let's hope not. Though I'm beginning to wonder. Mrs Birling: Does that mean anything, Sheila? Sheila: it means that we've no excuse now for putting on airs and that if we've any sense we won't try. Father threw this girl out because she asked for decent wages. I went and pushed her farther out, right into the street, just because I was angry and she was pretty. Gerald set her up as his mistress and then dropped her when it suited him. And now you're pretending you don't recognize her from that photograph. I admit I don't know why you should, but I know jolly well you did in fact recognize her, from the way you looked. And if you're not telling the truth, why should the Inspector apologize? And can't you see, both of you, you're making it worse? // she turns away. We hear the front door slam again.// Birling: that was the door again. Mrs Birling: Gerald must have come back. Inspector: unless your son has just gone out. Birling: I'll see. // he goes out quickly. Inspector turns to Mrs Birling.// Inspector: Mrs Birling, you're a member – a prominent member – of the Brumley Women's Charity Organization, aren't you? // Mrs Birling does not reply.// Sheila: Go on, mother. You might as well admit it. (to Inspector.) Yes, she id. Why? Inspector: (calmly) It's an organization to which women in distress can appeal for help in various forms. Isn't that so? Mrs Birling: (with dignity) Yes. We've done a great deal of useful work in helping deserving cases. Inspector: there was a meeting of the interviewing committee two weeks ago? Mrs Birling: I dare say there was. Inspector: you know very well there was, Mrs Birling. You were in the chair. Mrs Birling: and if I was, what business is it of yours? Inspector: (severely) do you want me to tell you – in plain words? 36  // enter Birling, looking rather agitated.// Birling: that must have been Eric. Mrs Birling: (alarmed) Have you been up to his room? Birling: yes. And I called out on both landings. It must have been Eric we heard go out then. Mrs Birling: silly boy! Where can he have gone to? Birling: I can't imagine. But he was in one of his excitable queer moods, and even though we don't need him here-- Inspector: (cutting in, sharply) We do need him here. And if he's not back soon, I shall have to go and find him. // Birling and Mrs Birling exchange bewildered and rather frightened glances.// Sheila: He's probably just gone to cool off. He'll be back soon. Inspector: (severely) I hope so. Mrs Birling: And why should you hope so? Inspector: I'll explain why when you've answered my questions, Mrs Birling. Birling: Is there any reason why my wife should answer questions from you, Inspector? Inspector: yes, a very good reason. You'll remember that Mr Croft told us – quite truthfully, I believe – that he hadn't spoken to or seen Eva Smith since last September. But Mrs Birling spoke to and saw her only two weeks ago. Sheila: (astonished) mother! Birling: Is this true? Mrs Birling: (after a pause) yes, quite true. Inspector: she appealed to your organization for help? Mrs Birling: yes. Inspector: not as Eva smith? Mrs Birling: No, nor as Daisy Renton. Inspector: as what then? Mrs Birling: first, she called herself Mrs Birling-- Birling: (astounded) Mrs Birling! Mrs Birling: Yes, I think it was simply a piece of gross impertinence – quite deliberate – and naturally that was one of the things that prejudiced me against her case. Birling: And I should think so! Damned impudence! Inspector: you admit being prejudiced against her case? Mrs Birling: Yes. 37  Sheila: mother, she's just died a horrible death – don't forget. Mrs Birling: I’m very sorry. But I think she had only herself to blame. Inspector: was it owing to your influence, as the most prominent member of the committee, that help was refused the girl? Mrs Birling: possibly. Inspector: was it or was it not your influence? Mrs Birling: (stung) Yes, it was. I didn't like her manner. She'd impertinently made use of our name, though she pretended afterwards it just happened to be the first she though of. She had to admit, after I began questioning her, that she had no claim to the name, that she wasn't married, and that the story she told at first – about a husband who'd deserted her – was quite false. It didn't take me long to get the truth – or some of the truth – out of her. Inspector: why did she want help? Mrs Birling: you know very well why she wanted help. Inspector: No, I don't. I know why she needed help. But as I wasn't there, I don't know what she asked from your committee. Mrs Birling: I don't think we need discuss it. Inspector: you have no hope of not discussing it, Mrs Birling. Mrs Birling: if you think you can bring any pressure to bear upon me, Inspector, you're quite mistaken. Unlike the other three, I did nothing I'm ashamed of or that won't bear investigation. The girl asked for assistance. We were asked to look carefully into the claims made upon us. I wasn't satisfied with the girl's claim – she seemed to me not a good case – and so I used my influence to have it refused. And in spite of what's happened to the girl since, I consider I did my duty. So if I prefer not to discuss it any further, you have no power to make me change my mind. Comprehension check: 1. Which character has gone out? 2. How does Mrs Birling respond to the inspector’s questions? 3. Where did she meet Daisy/ Eva? 4. What name did Daisy/ Eva give to Mrs Birling? 5. What did Mrs Birling do to disadvantage Daisy/ Eva? Inspector: Yes I have. Mrs Birling: No you haven't. Simply because I've done nothing wrong – and you know it. Inspector: (very deliberately) I think you did something terribly wrong – and that you're going to spend the rest of your life regretting it. I wish you'd been with me tonight in the infirmary. You'd have seen- Sheila: (bursting in) No, no, please! Not that again. I've imagined it enough already. Inspector: ( very deliberately) then the next time you imagine it, just remember that this girl was going to have a child. 38  Sheila: (horrified) No! Oh – horrible – horrible! How could she have wanted to kill herself? Inspector: because she'd been turned out and turned down too many times. This was the end. Sheila: mother, you must have known. Inspector: it was because she was going to have a child that she went for assistance to your mother's committee. Birling: Look here, this wasn't Gerald Croft- Inspector: (cutting in, sharply) No, no. nothing to do with him. Sheila: thank goodness for that! Though I don't know why I should care now. Inspector: (to Mrs Birling) and you've nothing further to tell me, eh? Mrs Birling: I'll tell you what I told her. Go and look for the father of the child. It's his responsibility. Inspector: That doesn't make it any the less yours. She came to you for help, at a time when no woman could have needed it more. And you not only refused it yourself but saw to it that the others refused it too. She was here alone, friendless, almost penniless, desperate. She needed not only money but advice, sympathy, friendliness. You've had children. You must have known what she was feeling. And you slammed the door in her face. Sheila: (with feeling ) mother, I think it was cruel and vile. Birling: (dubiously) I must say, Sybil, that when this comes out at the inquest, it isn't going to do us much good. The press might easily take it up-- Mrs Birling: (agitated now) Oh, stop it, both of you. And please remember before you start accusing me of anything again that it wasn't I who had her turned out of her employment – which probably began it all. ( turning to Inspector.) In the circumstances I think I was justified. The girl had begun by telling us a pack of lies. Afterwards, when I got at the truth, I discovered that she knew who the father was, she was quite certain about that, and so I told her it was her business to make him responsible. If he refused to marry her – and in my opinion he ought to be compelled to – then he must at least support her. Inspector: and what did she reply to that? Mrs Birling: Oh – a lot of silly nonsense! Inspector: what was it? Mrs Birling: whatever it was, I know it made me finally lose all patience with her. She was giving herself ridiculous airs. She was claiming elaborate fine feelings and scruples that were simply absurd in a girl in her position. Inspector: (very sternly) Her position now is that she lies with a burnt-out inside on a slab. ( As Birling tries to protest, turns on him.) Don't stammer and yammer at me again, man. I'm losing all patience with you people. What did she say? 39  Mrs Birling: (rather cowed) she said that the father was only a youngster – silly and wild and drinking too much. There couldn't be any question of marrying him – it would be wrong for them both. He had given her money but she didn't want to take any mo