Infancy Development PDF

10/25/2024North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ Outlines Definition Physical Growth Senses Visual Taste Motor Development Cognitive Development Language Development Social Development Emotional Development Needs Problems North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشم...

10/25/2024North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ Outlines Definition Physical Growth Senses Visual Taste Motor Development Cognitive Development Language Development Social Development Emotional Development Needs Problems North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ Definition: Infancy period starts at the end of the first month up to the first year of life. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ A)Weight: The infant gain: Birth to 4 months: ¾ kg/month. 5 to 8 months :1/2 kg/month. 9 to 12 months :1/4kg/month. Double birth W at 4-5 months Triple birth W at 9-12 months North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ Another way for calculating the weight: Weight = Age in months +9 2 North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ B) Height: First 3 months: 3 cm /month. 4-6 months: 2 cm/month. 7-12 months: 1.5cm/month. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ C) Head circumference: First 6 months: 1.5cm/month. 6-12 months: 0.5cm/month. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  Posterior fontanel: ** The triangular shape. ** Measures about 0.5 inch (1cm). ** Closed by 6-8 weeks of age. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ Anterior fontanel: ** Diamond-shape. ** Measures about 2 inches (5cm). ** Closed by 12-18 months of age. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ D) Chest circumference: Normally less than head circumference about 1 inch (2cm) at birth. C.C equal H.C at one year of age. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ E) Sleep patterns: Most infant sleep during first month when not eating. Sleep about 9-11 hs at night between age 3-4ms. Most infant take morning and afternoon naps. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ F) Elimination: Elimination develop by the second week of life, depend on frequency and amount of feeding. Urine output average 200-300 ml by the end of the first Y. During infancy output is 350- 550. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  Eruption of teeth starts by 5 to 6 months of age. It is called ‘Milky teeth’ or Deciduous teeth or ‘Temporary teeth’ or primary teeth. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  Name of teeth Lower jaw Upper jaw Central incisors 5-7 month 6-8 month Lateral incisors 7-10 month 8-11 month Cuspids (canines) 16-20 month 16-20 mon First molar 10-16 month 10-16 mon Second molar 10-16 mon 20-30 mon 10/25/2024North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ 10/25/2024North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  Pulse:110-150 beats/minute. Respiration:35±10 b/m. ** Breath through nose. Blood Pressure:80/50±20/10 mmHg. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ Mont Action hs 2 On back: mont Follow a moving object beyond hs the midline of vision. 3 On back: Turn eyes to a moving light mont Turn head to look voices and hs sounds. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ Mont Action hs 4mon Follow moving object well with eyes. ths Beginning hand-eye coordination. 5 Visual acuity 6/6. mont hs North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  By 6 months he has preferences in tasted for foods. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ Age Motor development 1mon Raises head slightly when ths prone. Follow a moving object to midline. Respond to sounds by startle. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ 2 Follows 180c° by months eye. 3 Head supported. months 4 Sit with support. months Turn head to sound. 10/25/2024North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ Age Motor development 6mo Sits without support. nths Rolls from back to front. Reaches objects, bring them to mouth. Transferee object from hand to another. Starts crawling. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  9mo Grasp by thumb & nths fingers. Standing with support. 10/25/2024North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ 10/25/2024North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  Age Motor development 12mo Stands freely. nths Walk with one hand held. No longer puts things in mouth. Throws objects. Hold cup to drink. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  According to piaget, during this stage the infant develops sensorimotors skills. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ The infant behaviour progress from biologic reflex activity through simple repetitive acts to imitative activity during late infancy period. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ He learn through sensation and movement. Infant develops a primitive grasp of cause – effect relationship. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ 10/25/2024North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  Age Language development 2mon Responds to caregiver’s ths voice 3 Laughs loudly. mont hs 6 Vocalizes several well, mont define syllables. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  Age Language development 9 Says dada & mama non- mont specific. hs Imitates speech sounds. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  Says dada & mama specific. 12mo Says 1-3 meaningful nths words. Following simple commands. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ Age Social development 2 Distinguishes mother as a primary care giver from others. mon Learn that crying bring attention. ths 3-4 Smile in response to smile of others. mon Anticipate feeding. ths Enjoys looking around. Shows pleasure with social contact North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  Age Social development 6-8 Aware of stranger faces (stranger anxiety). mont Responds socially to his own hs name 9-10 Explores. mont Play simple games with others e.g bye-bye. hs imitates facial expression. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  Age Social development 12 Releases objects to mother on mont request hs Plays ball with examiner. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ According to Erikson, the infant achieve sense of trust through: Relief of basic needs Give pleasant sensation. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  Interaction with caregiver Also trust will result from; being hold, talked to, cuddled, wormed. If sense of trust is not learned sense of mistrust is acquired. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  Play: ** Play is basically solitary (noninteractive). North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ 10/25/2024North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ Infant express his feeling through crying, laughter and body movements. His emotions are instable, rapidly changes from crying to laughter. His affection for or love of family members appears. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ He beginning express recognizable emotions as; anger, sadness, pleasure, jealousy, anxiety and affection. By 12 months of age, these emotions are clearly distinguishable. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  Infant Needs North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ (1) Love and security. (2) Warmth. (3) Bounding& Attachment. (4) Breast feeding (5) Sleep (6) Dental care (7) Play 10/25/2024North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  Common Problems of Infant North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ (1) Colic. (2) Constipation. (3) Cough. (4) Diarrhea. (5) Ear pain. (6) Eye infections. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ (7) Fever. (8) Rash. (9) Stuffy nose. (10) Sore throat. (11) Toothache. (12) Vomiting and nausea. (13) Mistrust. North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬  REFERENCES Kliegman, M.; & Joseph, W. (2024). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 2- Volume Set, 22nd Edition. 59 North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬ North private college of Nursing – ‫كلية الشمال للتمريض األهلية‬