Concept of Man and His Basic Human Needs PDF

Program: Bachelor of Science in Midwifery Subject: MDW 101- Introduction to Health Care (IHC) Topic: Concept of Man and His Basic Human Needs  The concept of man forms the first foundational component of Nursing. To provide an individualized, holistic, and quality nursing care, it is important...

Program: Bachelor of Science in Midwifery Subject: MDW 101- Introduction to Health Care (IHC) Topic: Concept of Man and His Basic Human Needs  The concept of man forms the first foundational component of Nursing. To provide an individualized, holistic, and quality nursing care, it is important to understand man. Dimensions of Individuality Include the:  Person’s Total: › Character › Self-identity › Perception  Individual Health 1. Person’s total character 2. Person’s self-identity 3. Person’s perceptions Concept of Individuality  Each individual is a unique being who is different from every other human being, with a different combination of genetics, life experiences, and environmental interactions.  When providing care, we need to focus on the client within both a total care and an individualized care context. The 4 Major Attributes of Human Being 1. Capacity to think or conceptualize on the abstract level. 2. Family Formation 3. Tendency to seek and maintain a territory 4. Ability to use verbal symbols as language, a means of developing and maintaining culture. 2 Approaches in Studying Man 1. Atomistic Approach › Viewing man as an organism only (view cells, tissues, organs – body structures only) 2. Holistic Approach › Viewing man as an organism with interrelated and interdependent parts functioning to produce a behavior which is acceptable or unacceptable to him or to the society.  States that all living organisms are interacting unified whole that are more than the mere sum of his parts. In this light, any disturbance affects the whole being.   Human life must be balanced and harmonized with the other forms of nature. Disturbance may result in illness. Holistic Health  Involves whole person’s being and the overall quality of his or her lifestyle. Holistic Health Care 1. Health Education 2. Health Maintenance 3. Health Promotion 4. Illness Prevention 5. Restorative and Rehabilitative Care * The identification needs, planning, implementation, and evaluation require sensitivity to the individual, family, environment, and cultural values. Goal of Holistic Nursing › To enhance the healing of the whole person from birth to death. Holistic Nurses and Health Practitioners › Recognize bio psychosocial and spiritual dimensions of a person › Recognize that the life of a person is intertwined with family, community, culture, and environment › Focus on whole brain thinking; uses left brain hemisphere’s thought process and right brain hemisphere’s intuitive process; uses left brain often (reason, logic, analytical, verbal, mathematical, calculative, objective) System › A set of interacting identifiable parts and component. Fundamental Components of System (Forms of Stimuli) 1. Matter (body) 2. Energy (chemical or thermal) 3. Information or Communication (Nervous System) Types of System  Closed System › Totally isolated from other systems. › Doesn’t allow any forms of stimuli to enter (input) its system boundaries nor allow anything from within (output) to go out from its system boundaries. › In reality there’s no closed system that exist it only happens inside a test tube during chemical reaction.  Open System › All forms of stimuli (input) can enter inside its system boundaries and allow anything from within (output) to go out from its system boundaries. › All Living Systems (human, animals, plants, families, communities) are an open system since their survival depends on the constant exchange of energy. Input and Output  Input › All forms of stimuli that can enter inside the system boundaries. › After it is absorbed, it is processed to be useful to the system and called throughput. Output › Given out by the system as a result of the input and throughput Feedback Mechanism Output of the system is returned inside the system as an input. Types of Feed Back Mechanisms 1. Positive Feedback – stimulates change 2. Negative Feedback – inhibit (hinder) change › Mostly biologic systems are controlled by this to bring back stability or homeostasis of the system. Nursing Concepts of Man 1. Man as a Biological Being is composed of 2 Systems a. Subordinate System b. Super ordinate System 2. Man normally responds as a unified whole rather than a set of integrated parts. Man as a unified whole is composed of parts which are interrelated and interdependent with each other. 3. Man as a unified whole is different and more than the mere sum of his parts. › Man is superior more than his body parts 4. Man is an open system in constant interaction with the changing environment. 5. Man is a unity who can be viewed as functioning biologically, symbolically, and socially and who initiates and performs self – care activities on her own behalf in maintaining life, and well – being. 6. Man is like all man, Man is like some man, and Man is no other man. a. Man is like all man in terms of the ff: › Man is a whole, complete, and independent being who has 14 Fundamental Needs to (Henderson) : 14 Fundamental Needs to (Henderson) : 1. Breath 8. Keep Clean 2. Eat & Drink 9. Avoid Danger 3. Eliminate 10. Communicate 4. Move & Maintain Posture 11. Worship 5. Sleep & Rest 12. Work 6. Dress & Undress 13. Play 7. Maintain Body Temperature 14. Learn b. Man is like some man:   Interests  Hobbies  Beliefs  Religion  Culture  Gender  Race and Color  Profession and Course  Body Structure (height, weight, etc) b. Man is no other man 7. Man is a Bio psychosocial and Spiritual Being who is in constant contact with the environment (Roy) a. Man as a Bio Psychosocial Being b. Man as a Spiritual Being 8. Man is an individual with vital reparative processes to deal with disease and desirous of health but passive in terms of influencing the environment or nurse (Nightingale) MASLOW’S HIERACHICAL THEORY OF HIMAN NEEDS Maslow classified the needs that humans need as follows:  Physiological – Physical Survival Need  Safety – Physical Safety needs  Love and Belonging Needs  Self-esteem Needs  Self-actualization – self-fulfilled (self-actualized) Level 1: Physical Survival Needs › The first and most basic of all needs are those to do with physical survival. Level 2: Physical Safety Needs  Once the physical survival needs are met, a new set of needs emerges. Level 3: Love and Belonging Needs  Once the physical survival and safety needs are being regularly met, a need for love, affection and belonging begin to emerge. Level 4: Self-esteem Needs  With a few exceptions, people in our society have a need to feel of value and to count for something.  This is called the need for esteem. It is a degree of self-respect and respect from others. Level 5: Self-fulfilled (self-actualized)  If the first four needs are being met, a new one will probably develop: the need for self-fulfillment. Characteristics of Basic Human Needs  All people have the same basic needs: however, each person’s need and reactions to those needs are influenced by the culture with which the person identifies: 1. People meet their own needs relative to their own priorities. 2. Although basic needs generally must be met, some needs can be deferred. 3. Failure to meet needs result in one or more homeostatic imbalances, which can eventually result in illness. 4. A need can make itself felt by either external or internal stimuli.  5. A person who perceives a need can respond in several ways to meet it. 6. Needs are interrelated. Maslow’s Characteristics of Self-Actualized Person  Is realistic, sees life clearly and objective about owns observation  Judge people correctly  Has a superior perception, more decisive  Has a clear notion on what is right and wrong.  Is usually accurate in predicting future events.  Understand art, music, politics and philosophy.  Possesses humility, listen to others carefully.  Is dedicated to some work, task, duty or vocation.  Highly creative, flexible, spontaneous, courageous and willing to make mistakes.  Open to new ideas.  Is self-confident and has self-respect.  Has a long degree of self-conflict, personality is integrated.  Respects self, does not need fame, possesses a feeling of self control  Is highly independent, desires privacy  Can appear remote and detached  Is friendly, loving and governed more by inner directives than by society.  Maslow’s Characteristics of Self-Actualized Person  Can make decisions contrary to popular opinion.  Is problem-centered rather than self-centered.  Accepts the world what it is. Types of Nursing Interventions 1.INDEPENDENT or NURSE-INITIATED INTERVENTIONS - Are autonomous action based on scientific rationale - Can solve the problem w/o consultation or collaboration w/ physician’s or other health care professionals 2. DEPENDENT or PHYSICIAN-INITIATED INTERVENTIONS - Based on physicians response to a medical diagnosis  But physician written/oral order requires nursing judgment or decision making.  Question any doubtful orders 3. INTERDEPENDENT or COLLABORATIVE INTERVENTIONS - Therapies that require the knowledge, skill & expertise of multiple health care professionals NURSING CARE DELIVERY MODELS 1. TOTAL PATIENT CARE 2. FUNCTIONAL NURSING 3. TEAM NURSING 4. PRIMARY NURSING 5. CASE MANAGEMENT