Socio Final Exam PDF

Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx 1. difference princi- - unequal distribution of resources are okay if they benefit ple those who are disadvnateged the most. ex) spending more money on education for indigenous tha...

Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx 1. difference princi- - unequal distribution of resources are okay if they benefit ple those who are disadvnateged the most. ex) spending more money on education for indigenous than in large wealth areas\ - rawls 2. social stratifica- a system by which a society ranks categories of people tion in a hierarchy 3. Origins of Strati- - Everyone was equally important fication - Mostly non-hierarchal because of limited resources (egalitarian) - No differences in wealth - Nomadic: Constantly moving, no emphasis on collecting things - Never enough wealth to go around - As societies developed: reliable food source 4. cognitive flexibil- the ability for individuals to adapt to change and ity 5. Systems of So- Class system (open) cial Stratification Open system based on ownership and control of re- sources Determines status Caste System (closed) Closed system Permanent status determined by family Appointed at birth Slavey (closed) Closed system Based on ownership of people ’ owned by others + treated like property Ascribed status determined by parents 6. basic vs applied basic: aims to increase the scientific knowledge base. research Applied: aims to solve practical and current problems ex) in education etc 1 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx 7. pyschoanaylti- A theory by Freud which examines the dynamics of per- cal theory sonality including the ego, super ego and id 8. What is a closed strict boundaries between different social parties, set by system in sociol- ascribed power like slavery and caste system. ogy? 9. What is an open social positions with more flexible boundaries, influenced system in sociol- by achieved status which is the social position attained ogy? largely from effort. 10. social mobility Movement of individuals or groups from one position in a society's stratification system to another 11. Types of socities Agricultural’ specialization. I.e politicians, specialized and how they af- workers, slavery+caste fected stratifica- - surplus of food tion Industrial’ consumption - Ownership - Class system Post-industrial focused on production/consumption + ser- vices - Education become a necessity to support one's family 12. Mobility Intergenerational Mobility: social movement experienced by family members Intragenerational mobility: social movement experienced in one lifetime 13. Class System - Boundaries vaguely defined + gaining skills + education can help people move between levels - Status comes from achievement, not ascription - Can become members of a class through intergenera- tional mobility 14. What is horizon- Horizontal mobility: gain or loss that does not produce a tal mobility? change ex) a person who moves from a managerial position in one company to a similar position in another - no change in social class 2 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx 15. What is vertical Vertical Mobility: gain or loss that does produce change mobility? ex) An industrial worker who becomes a wealthy busi- nessman moves upward in the class system 16. Types of status Ascribed Status: given at birth Closed Achieved status: Achieved through experiences Open 17. conflict view of - Bad, avoidable and unnnessacary inequality - It is inevitable that there will be clashes of social groups Exploitation would lead to conflict but eventually will es- tablish a free and classless society - Class is a major form of inequality - The upper classes will always have more power than the lower classes 18. functionalist per- Useful, necessary and inevitable spective view Individuals identify with society as a whole of inequality - They see themselves as part of a bigger picture durkheim People realize all roles in society are needed 19. Conflict perspec- Wealth does not always give you power tive on social in- Having a job that is essential can give you prestige equality - webber Class. Status group and power influence one another and lead to one group being more superior to another - world views are shaped by society and makes it hard for change to occur because people cannot see another way of life 20. functionalist per- Positions that are most important (talent, training, etc) spective on so- must be highly rewarded. These positions are: cial inequality - - Functionally unique Davis and Moore - Other positions rely on them for expertise, direction or financing - Society motivates each person to aspire to be the most significant as possible by providing incentives - Unequal rewards = more productive society - Society should be meritocracy 3 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx 21. Meritocracy a system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement 22. agents of social- social institutions, including families and schools, that ization help to shape individuals' basic beliefs and values 23. symbolic inter- - People are socialized to accept existing social stratifica- actionist per- tion systems spective of so- - There is a mutual understanding that they are part of a cial inequality hierarchical system Top of system Talent + effort "Worked hard" Bottom of system Lack talent or motivation 24. What is absolute Deprivation of resources that are considered essential poverty? like food, shelter, water, etc ex) homless people 25. What is relative Measuring deprivation of some people against those who poverty? have more, lacking sufficient resources to live at a stan- dard considered comfortable or 'normal' in society ex) not having wifi 26. Poverty In Cana- - LICO (low income cut off) da If you are spending more than 65% of your income on necessities, technically considered poor, often referred to as the poverty line 1 in 7 - poor refers to absolute poverty 27. Poverty Cycle - Why it is so difficult for people to break the cycle 28. Self efficacy 4 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx An individual's belief that he or she is capable of perform- ing a task. 29. Psychological People in lower-status groups often come to accept where Effects of they stand in society. They start to believe that they can Adversity be effective and capable within the boundaries of their position in society. 30. Bandura and Observing others a source of self-efficacy Festinger Successful. unsuccessful model 31. class system lower class - spend more than 60% on basic nessecities, absolute vs relative poverty working-class - work blue collar jobs, Less formal training + paid less than those in the middle class, Enjoy many of the same consumer goods marketed to the middle class Middle class - Most commercial advertising displays the middle class, Can include doctors, lawyers and also "white collar" jobs, Are able to afford a good life style Upper class - money inherited, most disposable 32. heroic imagina- indivuals who take personal stand against wrong doings tion around them; can be taught 33. Most disadvan- Indigenous people taged population 50% live in poverty in Canada 45% dropout of high school (15% for non indigenous canadians) Youth suicide rate is 50x the national average 34. cultural lag - Ogburn - the period during which non-material (norms and values) culture strives to adjust new inventions ex) self-driving cars 35. technological de- - Ogburn terminism - presumes technology drives the development of society, social structures and cultural values - technology is only the driving force in post-industrial societies 5 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx 36. Challenges fac- - unemployment has doubled since 2012 ing youth - Young people hit by recessions the most - Young people go against other young people and work- ers with more experience. - This can impact delayed retirement. - often times young people go back to school to broaden skills 37. Migration and - Young people most likely to migrate work - Unemployment acts as the greatest motivator 38. Job loss - often perceived as an issue only dealt with lower class, but everyone can be affected - if you are already poor can make it harder to break the cycle - if you are middle or upper class, it can be more shocking as you adjust - youth often go back to school to broaden their education and skill's to allow themselves to have the highest salary 39. Employment - having a job has become a way to define social status Trends - working teens have increased - people working longer b/c of fledging adults - both genders working - more families dual income 40. I and Me Theory - George Mead - How we view our selves + present ourselves to society - When people observe gestures and actions from others they react accordingly to what they observe - True self & social self are different 41. "I" - ones true self - often sponteanous and unpredictive - perceived and accumulated from society - The I often becomes the ME 42. "Me" - ones social self - what others know 6 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx - accumlated understanding of what people think of the indivual - one's socialized self 43. Cooleys looking the self-image that results from our interpretation of other glass self people's views of us - helps us create the person we are - change does not happen right away but reactions do get interalized - "I am what you think i am" - individuals take social cues from reactions of others 44. Main compo- 1. how we envision how we appear to other people nents of look- 2. envisioning judgment of that appearance ing glass theory 3. Our sense of self develops through the first two steps ("steps) - its either enhanced or diminished 45. how has tech- - workers competing globally nololgy changed - new requirment of skills the workplace 46. Pros and Cons of *working from home* telecommuiting pros - increased productivity, projects completed faster, can receive 24-hour attention cons - pressure to work longer - difficult to maintain work-life balance - isolation - increased stress - Anomie: norms become confusing - increased distractions 47. 7 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx Adapting to new - requires a shift in thought workplace - people who are more cognitively flexible are more likely to adapt better to change - workplace is constantly & quickly changing 48. Constructivsm - A person's knowledge is made up of subjective construc- tions based on experiences and ideas ex) workers actively seek to make sense of their work place - changed because work place used to be a office and now can be their home 49. Hybrid work- - increases workplace cultures which can influence places - increased produvtivity, more familarity, less people leav- ing jobs, mental health (interactions) 50. 3 types of tech- 1. invention - combining elements and materials to create nological change something new (car, light bulb) 2. innovation - changing or improving upon existing technologies to create smth based on something new (iPhone) 3. discovery - finding something new or a discovering a new way of viewing reality (electricity) 51. Most important - word press technological in- - Gutenberg revolution vention - print gave rise to rational thinking and more complex ideas - changed how people think - lead to scientific revolution and enlightment 52. how has cell - teenagers believe it indicates wealth and popularity phones changed - communication has changed life - can be used for entertainment, saftey 53. containment the- - personal values and social controls keep our behaviour ory in check - inner: self esteem & morals - outer: social controls (teachers, parents) - technology allows people to hide from outer contain- ments 8 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx 54. human traffick- - Recruitment, transportation, harbouring, or receipt of ing persons by threat, force, abduction, fraud or a position of vulnerability - Done for financial gain, power or control Main types of human trafficking: sex trafficking and forced labour 55. McLuhan - technology is an extension of human beings - cars extension of feet, tv extension of eyes - medium is the message - made his predications about tech, before modern tech- nology existed (1946) 56. "Medium is the - McLuhan message" - medium has greater social signifance - the medium in which a message is given is more signif- cant than the message - tech. changes how we behave 57. Tetrad of Me- 1. enchance - what does it improve, make possible or dia Effects accelerate (McLuhan) 2. Retrive - what does it recover, what was lost and is now brought back in new form 3. Obsolese - what is pushed aside, what becomes less relevent 4. reverse - when pushed to its limits what does the media transform to that reverses its original characteristics 58. Tetrad of media INTERNET effects exp 1. enchances - global communication, access to info 2. retrieve - sense of community, print form info 3. obsolese - Libraries, newspapers (print) 4. Reverse - isolation, too much info, superfical interac- tions 59. Anthropolgy concerend with humans as species and how we adapt to environments 60. Pyschology concerned with human behaviour and the brain 9 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx 61. Sociology concerened with groups and group behaviour 62. Microsociology Micro - small groups & communities vs. macro - large groups & populations Macrosociology 63. Cultural materal- highlights the importance of consideirng a cultures ma- ism (harris) terial and economic aspects to get an insight into their beliefs and social structures 64. functionalism all parts of society are associated and connected with (Malinowski) each other and are interdepedant to one another 65. Learning theory all behaviour is learned and can be modified through (skinner & wat- one's life son) 66. Cognitive dis- when one has conflicting thoughts or actions they will feel soance (fes- a sense of discomfort and to relieve themselves they must tinger) alter their beliefs or actions so that they align 67. cognitive consis- the idea that we strive to have attitudes and behaviors that tency do not contradict one another 68. evoluntiary theo- the assumption that societies will go from simple to com- ry plex over time 69. cyclical theory change is similar to seasons, each time a cycle changes there are distinct changes in society 70. challenge and all socieites face challenges and how they deal with them response (toyn- reveals how successful they are/will be bee) 71. functionalist society serves a function (with the help of social institu- (durkheim) tions). when a society no longer meets the needs of those living in it, it must adapt 72. conflict (marx) 10 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx Economic power and wealth ctrates conflict between the command and obey class which alters society and eco- nomic systems 73. obey class vs obey class - those without power command class command class - those with power 74. paradigm shift major change in how society see's things and their view- point of the world 75. Paradigm paraly- the inability or refusal to see beyond the current systems sis of thought 76. tipping point the- small actions with the right people can create a tipping ory (gladwell) point 77. 3 laws in order to 1. law of few, stickness factor, power of context achieve a tipping point 78. strain theory society places a "strain" on indivuals which either causes (merton) them to conform or become deviant 79. 5 types of de- 1. Conformity - accept cultural goals and the means to viance attain those goals 2. Innovators - goals align with those of society but will not accomplish them in traditional ways 3. Ritualists - accept means or standards nesscary to achieve the end goal however not cultural goals 4. Retreatists - disengage with mainstream culture and preferm to surrond themselves with like minded people 5. Rebels - openly reject norms and methods of achieving them; attempt to change society 80. social inte- interactions are nesscary for integration to occur. cultural gration theory and social integration improve one another. (durkheim) 81. adolescene - the transition period from childhood to adulthood, ex- tending from puberty to independence 11 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx - has been suggested that the age be pushed back due to the fact that childern are moving out later and age of marriage has also changed 82. socialized anxi- tension and anxiety adolescene feel from external factors ety (davis) (such as parents) motivates them and influences behav- iour 83. Storm and stress adolescene is a time of uncertanity and unprectiability (hall) which can be characterized by mood swings and frustra- tion. Biological factors play the biggest role. 84. Egocentrism heightened self-awareness and self-consciousness (Elkind) 85. Imaginary audi- adolescents' belief that they are the focus of everyone ence else's attention and concern 86. personal fable the belief that one's personal drama is being unfolded in front of an audience 87. dominant values adolescene is a period of crisis and leads to a shift in (spranger) persoanlity and has 3 stages. 1. rebirth - seeing yourself as a new person 2. acceptance - accepting yourself and your changing role in society 3. growth - all relies on the indivusls motivation and disc- pline 88. gradual change Adolescence is not the only time one feels stress, environ- theory mental factors play a large role in development, throught (hollingsworth) life one is constantly changing and under stress 89. field theory human behaviour is made between the indivual and their (lewin) environment. All experiences attribute to behaviour Nature and nurture Impact adolescence. During adoles- cence your role in society is confusing as you can be con- sidered an adult or child depending on the circumstances 90. 12 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx developmental a. Individuals need to acquire certain skills, knowledge tasks and attitudes at specific times of their life (havighurst) b. If you fail a stage, you will not be able to meet societal goals and expectations C. There is variability between tasks for adolescence 91. cultural deter- a. Nurture trumps nature minism (mead) b. Cultural factors rather than biological factors cause emotional and psychological stress in adolescents 92. Fresh contact i. As young people become aware of the world around (Mannheim) them they begin to personally interpret and understand society differently ii. Young people give meaning to things around them and form a value system - Social location 93. social location influence of birth year on indivuals; have similar social contexts and connections - socioeconomic and ethnicty can lead to varying perspectives 94. generation re- Changes in adolescent attitudes are important makes of placement theo- long-term social change. High school seniors are consid- ry ered as they are the closest to becoming fully working adults; Changes can potentially change/shape the way people view 95. Strauss and generational values alternate between 4 turnings and pro- Howe genera- duce generations who have the same values and outlooks tional theory on life 96. what is an arche- universal symbol type 97. 4 archetypes 1. prophet - go through awakening 2. nomad - disappointed with current social structures 3. Hero - go through time of crisis 4. artisits rebuild society 98. 13 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx Aniome condition of instability resulting from breakdown of stan- (Durkheim) dards and shared values (in community) - in people is a feeling of normlessness, anger and de- viance - state of confusion when expectations of social institu- tions are unclear - when social systems that are used to keep people functioning have been broken down 99. Alienation (marx) - experience of indivuals that feel disconnectedd from dominant values, nors and social relations - leads to frustration, anger and deviance 100. Cultural hege- How the ruling class maintains power by controlling dom- mony (gramsci) inat values and maintaining false conciousness. Once people realize what is happening they will no longer con- form 101. False concious- situation in which people in the lower classes come to ac- ness cept a belief system that harms them; the primary means by which powerful classes in society prevent protest and revolution 102. Why adoles- 1. active limbic system which takes over cence are risk 2. fewer neural connections have been formed takers 3. seeking domapine and success 4. underdeveloped prefrontal cortex 103. Main function of 1. clarifies norms and increases conformity deviance 2. can be positive if not criminal 3. can become the way of achieiving the same cultural goals in different ways 4. strengthens bonds of those reacting to deviance 104. Subcultures alternative systems of value that go against mainstream social values that are prevalent in society (always deviant) 105. marriage trends 1. men and women marrying later 2. marriage is decreasing; common law becoming more freqeuent 14 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx 3. same sex couples are becoming more prominet 4. divorce becoming more freqent 106. Marriage para- 1. same sex marriage being recognized - 2006 (broadens digm shifts understanding of fertility and parenting) 2. divorce act being revised - 1985 (made it easier for peo- ple to seperate and served as a paradigm shift because values of the society were being changed - marriage may not be the ultimate goal anymore) 107. Types of Mar- polgyn - 1 man, multiple women riage polyandry - 1 women, multiple men monogmay - 1 partner 108. family trends 1. fledging adults (age of retirment pushes back) 2. childern becoming more socially relevent 3. tweens emerging (represents a shift in parenting and cultural values as adolescence are being pressured to act like adults) 4. mothers with young childern in the workforce increased 5. helicopter parents 109. Fledging Adults The group of young adults, between 20 and 29, who, for various social, economic, and/or emotional reasons, do not leave the parental home and transition into adulthood by achieving complete autonomy from their parents. 110. helicopter par- The label used for parents who hover (like a helicopter) ents over their emerging adult children. Childern become vunerable once they leave their parents home because they lack exposure 111. family types nuclear - spouses and depedant childern extended family - multiple generations living in a single household lone - parent: one parents with one or more dependant childern blended family - divorced partners, married or not, with childern or not same sex family - two indivuals of the same sex with or 15 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx without childern married or cohabiting couples - spouses or partners with- out childern 112. Polyandry in - could be fraternal or non-fraternal (like minded men) Nepal - helped with fragmentation of resources (land, property, livestock) 113. Factors of 1. modern technology - brought more information about change in nepal the outside world, other ways of living and marriage 2. economic development - farming was no longer the only income source; other jobs were available which lessened how much fragmentation of resources was occurring 3. foreign employment/winter migration - many leaving Nepal 4. alternative income sources 5. more monogamous marriages (love marriage over arranged) 114. Arranged mar- exogamy - marrying outside of one's tribe riage of yakel - serves as a way to keep peace (one of the other tribe is always on the other side) and avoid incest 115. particpant obser- - Anthropology research method vation - observing culture by becomign part of it 116. ethnography study of specific culture 117. diffusion Cultural diffusion is the spread of the beliefs and social activities of one culture to another (one way) 118. acculuration the blending of two or more cultures (both ways) 119. enculturation how social values of a culture are learned 120. Marshmellow ex- - Mischel periment - Delayed gratification (resiting temptations) - Longitudinal (same study over long periods of time) - put a marshemellow in front of kids and told them that they could eat it or wait 15 minutes and get another one 16 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx 121. cultrual vs genet- cultural determinism - the idea that the culture we grow up ic determinism with influences our development (ex margreat mead) genetic determinism - the idea that human behaviour is controlled by genes (ex stanely hall) 122. inquiry model 1. question 2. review of literature 3. hypothesis 4. anaylze data 5. conclusion 6. evaluate data 123. cross cultural a study that compares the behavior and/or development comparison of people from different cultural backgrounds 124. confirmation favouring things that support your own beliefs bias 125. Factors of 1. environemnt change 2. proximity 3. population 4. social condition 5. technology 126. environment natural diasters can destory cities and effect lives of peo- ple 127. proximity Societies located in close proximity to others experience change more rapidly - higher intercultural contact 128. Intercultural con- Exchanges between different cultures (change is more tact likely when high intercultural contact occurs) 129. Social environ- Collectivist vs Indivualist society ment, culture & social value 130. Technology alters the way we interact with our environment 17 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx 131. Population 1. immigration - makes socities more diverse and chal- changes lenghes them 2. emmigration - too many people leaving makes it harder for people to fufill jobs 132. Arab springs 1. Technology 2. Proximity 3. Social condition 133. deviance - con- when people feel powerless and lose their false concious- flict perspective ness they resort to other methods (deviance) 134. demography the study of a population's features and vital statistics, including birth rate, death rate, population size, and pop- ulation density 135. suicide social relationships vary according to their level of regu- lation and integration. A change in social dynamics and relationships can lead to suicide. 136. Integration - structural elements of social relationships (number and density of friendships) - the more dense collective social relationships one has, the more indivuals enmesh and the more meaning and purpose people feel about their lives 137. regulation - the degree to which collectives morals control and con- tribute someones behaviour - regulation is weakend by change (indivual or collective crisis) 138. egoistic suicide Egoistic (too little integration) - · Results from the isolation of collective being - Relationships can provide social capital, tangible or intangible membership - Bonds weaken 139. Altrustic sucidie - too much integration - Tight-knit societies rob individuals ability to make deci- sions under pressure 18 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx - Good of group mentality - Bonds are too strong 140. anomic suicide too little regulation - indivuals are not regulated by norms and valyes of a group 141. Fatalistic Suicide - type of suicide that occurs when people see no possible way to improve their oppressive circumstances - too much regulation 142. Immigration 1. canada's population has grown over 30 years mostly in Trends major cities 2. Canada takes approx 1% of population in immigrants every year (about 400,000) 3. immigration is main driver of population growth and critical to labour market (acounted for 4/5) 4. more immigrants coming to canada knowing english 143. Languages & im- Changes in physical environment (street signs etc) help migrants cultures become integrated into society 144. Why having PR - Most countries do not allow dual citizenship so becom- instead of citi- ing a PR of Canada can help people keep their other zenship is impor- citizenship tant to some im- - this allows easier travelling but also allows people to not migrants feel as if they are losing part of their identity by allowing them to keep their citizenship 145. social integra- - the process during which newcomers are incorporated tion into social structures of countries - learning english, getting a job, etc 146. Cultural integra- the process by which a group or induvial acquires their tion beliefs, practices and rituals ex) celebrating canada day, going to a hockey game 147. acculturation - integration - high sense of beloning to both countries strategies (berry) - assimilation, - high for Canada, low for source country (if they spent more time in the new country than source 19 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx country) - separation - low for canada, high for source country - marginalization - low sense of beloning for both 148. Cognitive dis- - Having multiple cultural identities may include having soance in immi- conflicting cultural values, attitudes and behaviour grants ex) Food, alcohol, how people dress, gestures, religion, etc 149. types of identitiy · Cultural - ethnic belonging · National - citizenship (losing your original citizenship when gaining a Canadian one can become conflicting and allow you to be confused about your identity) · Social - which groups they belong to · Self identity - sense of self 150. Law of few - social epidemics depend on 20 percent of the population 1. Connectors - have the ability to bring people together 2. Maven - acquire information and spread it 3. Salesman 151. Stickiness factor trends become more contagious because of some small elements that sticks with people 152. Power of context the physical and social environment in which people re- ceive the trend affects whether it sticks or not 153. Peg experiment Group A offered 20 dollars to lie that spinning the peg was (cognitive disso- fun, while Group was offered 1 dollar to do the same thing. nance) Results: To get out of the cognitive dissonance that they were lying that the activity was fun, they convinced them- selves that it was fun to relieve themselves of the discom- fort of having conflicting beliefs 154. Five factors that 1. completing education enable transition 2.gaining full-time employment number to adulthood 3. getting into a long-term relationship 4. leaving parents home 5. preparing for children 20 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx 155. IDLE no more - reformative movement movement - wanted c-45 bill changed - was not successful (failed insitutionalization) 156. social epidemic When an idea, message product, or behaviour spreads rapidly and uncontrollably 157. The Guten Burg -A term used to express the social and psychological Revolution effects of the invention of the printing press (1453) - Print gave rise to rational thinking and more complex ideas 158. Conspicuous Acquisition + display of expensive items to attract atten- consumption tion to one's wealth 159. Mauritana slav- - difficult to diminish ery - lack of education - secluded area - people deal with poverty if they leave slavery 160. Indeginous - After Shanan's death, an organization was created schools + called Shanans education dream - A student a youth-run campaign that raises awareness for the lack of education and funds for indigenous children - Justin Trudeau announced that $2.4 billion will be allo- cated to funds for indigenous education 161. issues with in- - high school very far away digenous educa- - live with strangers tion 162. Prosocial behav- behaviour that benefits other people or society as whole iour 163. Taperelli - Coined social justice ’ social nature of human beings - Humans naturally join in groups - Wrote extensively about social problems arising from the Industrial Revolution - Mid-1800's 21 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx 164. Social Contract - John Rawls - when an individual implicitly agrees to the terms by which they are governed Basic Liberties.... I.e. freedom of thought, freedom of movement and choice in occupation, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly 165. "Veil of igno- Regardless of one's position status or wealth, one should rance" pick a system that provides those at the lowest positions 166. basic liberties I.e. freedom of thought, freedom of movement and choice in occupation, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly 167. Heroic imagina- - The movement of individuals who take a personal stand tion against wrongdoings against them I.e Gandhi and mother Teressa - can be taught and should be taught 168. 4 types of move- revolutionary, reformative, redepemtive, alternative ments 169. A revolutionary - attempts to change a society totally. movement = Deeply dissatisfied with the social order and work for radical change. - Want to replace the entire existing structure Ex) American revolution, Nelson Mandela's anti apartide, arab springs 170. A reformative - more limited changes in a society movement - organized to carry out reforms in some specific areas. - Change elements of the system for the better. Ex) the Women's Liberation Movement or the Civil Rights movement - BLM, Gay marriage 171. A redemptive - Focuses on changing people completely. movement - Emphasis on conversation - Expect complete individual transformation 22 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx I.e The new age movement promotes heightened spiritual awareness, intuition-based thinking, and a peaceful con- nection to others and nature "More peaceful society" - Want to change entire people to be differen 172. An alternative seeks only limited changes in people. movement Ex), Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) Non-threatening and only wants a limited change in indi- viduals Most likely to succeed Stop only one group's behaviour 173. Value added the- smelser ory CONDITIONS 1. Structural conduciveness 2. structural strains 3. generalized beliefs 4. precipiating factors 5. moblization of people and other items 6. social controls 174. Structural con- The environment must be social-movement friendly. duciveness Status quo can be challenged 175. Structural - Promoting how important and urgent the issue is strains - Social conditions are putting strain on society or some individuals; people are beginning to seek change to feel relief. Ex) black lives matter - policing already had issues and many inequalities in society. 176. Ex of structural Poverty strains Overcrowding Discrimination 177. Generalized be- - understanding that there is a problem and something liefs should be done to fix it - People begin to form opinions on the issue at hand 23 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx 178. Precipitating fac- significant events that push people into action tors What pushes people into action ex) black lives matter - George Floyds death 179. Cultural - The process by which local cultures are influenced by Homonegativity and assimilate aspects of dominant global cultures, lead- ing to a loss of unique cultural identities. - ex) mcdonalds opening around the world 180. Mobilization of the larger concern for the issue participants for Taking action once the 4 conditions exists; collective ac- action tion Rallies, protests, etc People get together to take action 181. social control - how external factors such as court, police, and govern- ment act - If the right pressure is applied social movements may not occur 182. Resource mobi- - resources needed to advance the cause lization Theory - Social movement cannot succeed without resources such as money, labour, leadership - A movement rises on it ability to attract people - Outsiders are just as important as insiders 183. occupy move- - Protest social and economic inequalities ment - Feuling spread was an idea between the elite few - Protest born out of frustration - 2011 revolutionary change 184. arab springs - movement in Egypt by mostly young people with the use of social media and social networking around the work - were able to spread the word throughout the world 185. Potential chal- Funding lenges for re- Getting recognition source mobiliza- Competition from other movements tion 24 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx 186. scope and range 1. local of movements 2. regional 3. national 4. global 187. womens move- - 3 waves ment 1st wave - Mid 1800s - Major focus on women's suffrage/voting rights 2nd wave - 1960s women saw voting rights did not equal power - Degrees obtained by women did not lead to = opportu- nities in the labour force 3rd wave - A wider range of issues including child care, legal abor- tions, women's representation in government etc. 188. When did Began in the 1900s with the creation of national preserves the environmen- and national parks tal movement be- gin? 189. What impact did Changed lives for many, leading to work in dangerous and the Industrial large factories Revolution have on work condi- tions? 190. How did the Fought back against them government re- spond to the initial gains of the labour move- ment? 191. social media and Preliminary stage social move- People become aware of an issue faster ments Coalescence When people join together Ability to organize people without geographical barriers 25 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx Ex. America asked Twitter to delay the scheduled mainte- nance for arab springs as it was a vital tool that was being used for the movement itself 192. Anti-Apartheid - boycott movement to get rid of the race system in south Movement africa - nelson mandela 193. Slow food move- - A movement that promotes local food cultures for "good, ment clean, and fair food" - Global, reformative, Social justice 194. Globalization process by which cultures, politics and economies and being increasingly integrated 195. factors leading Air travel - people travel more frequently and are exposed to globalization to more cultures Television - same broadcasts around the world, sharing of similar ideas throughout the world 196. Global village McLuhan new communication technologies permit people to be- come increasingly involved in one another's lives - technology = more cultural homonozgaiton as the world becomes more interconnected 197. criticsms of - Induvial countries are becoming more fragmented globalization - Values getting lost as more immigrants introduce new cultures - International trade increases modern communities as media invades every corner of the world - Generates cultural homogenization 198. Americanization - The dominance of western or "American culture - American culture has penetrated cultures around the world due to mass communication - Most of today's music and movies are American and spread out throughout the world - American-owned companies also dominate markets in developed and developing countries 26 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx 199. Resistance to - People do not want their cultures to get forgotten globalization - Europe and Asia are the most resistant as well as indigenous groups - People are more resistant when globalization threatens Moore's 200. Moore's - customs and manners of a social group or culture. Often serves as moral guidelines for acceptable behavior - Core values - Have great moral significance - Customs that are the fundamental values of a group 201. Systemic Dis- the existence of instiitutional policies which place certain crimination groups at a disadvantage compared to others. Ex) edu- cation of indigenous people 202. Social Robots - Social robots are also aimed at reducing loneliness - help childern with autism - meant to take dangerous jobs 203. 4 stages of a 1. preliminary: the founders of the movement identified movement and people became aware of the issue 2. coalescence: people come together to publicize issue and issue gains more attention 3. insitutialization - most movements skip this step, be- coming established organization with paid staff 4. decline - movement successfully brings change or peo- ple no longer take it seriously 204. cricisms of so- - social media increased participation not engagement cial media and - fewer people take risks social move- - weaker ties because of lack of personal contact limits ments 205. social movement social movement - collective behaviour trying to change vs social justice parts of society movement social justice - deals with fairness and inequaity, 206. 27 / 28  Socio Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f64iyx social contract an implicit agreement among the members of a society to (rawls) cooperate for social benefits 28 / 28