HOA4 - Lecture 1 Notes - PDF

ARC314 HOA4 CAVE DWELLING AS THE EARLY HUMAN SHELTER LECTURE 1 PRE COLONIAL AND VERNACULAR Cave ARCHITECTURE - earliest form of human shelter...

ARC314 HOA4 CAVE DWELLING AS THE EARLY HUMAN SHELTER LECTURE 1 PRE COLONIAL AND VERNACULAR Cave ARCHITECTURE - earliest form of human shelter - requires minimal site work and modification BEGINNING Architecture began as response to: Pleistocene People - Nature - Philippine‟s earliest cave dwellers. (ice age - Violent Predator offspring) Shelter evolution of pre colonized man: Tabon Cave - Cave - Most antiquated cave was periodically - Tent like shelter (fibro constructive dwelt by a prehistoric family 30,000 yrs ago. technology) - Found in Lipuun Point, South west of Palawan. HOUSE, EARLY FORM Balangay, boathouse TABON CAVE - An impressive boat, approximately 25 - Covers 138 hectares of rugged cliffs and meters in length and carbon-dated to 320 deep slopes AD, and that was built entirely of wood and - Was named “Tabon” after the large footed used for seafaring by the ancient kingdom bird that lays eggs in huge holes it digs into of Butuan. cave floors, many of which are found in caves. Lungib/kweba, cave - - A natural chamber on the side of a hill TAU’T BATU utilized as one of the earliest forms of - People occupying the south of Palawan who dwelling. continuously live the primeval practice of living in caves. Pinanahang, Lean-to - A form of dwelling common to the Negritos, Datag - a basic sleeping platform an ethnic group regarded as wanderers, - Since the cave accommodates multiple hunters, and farmers practicing slash and family, each family unit is defined by burn agriculture even during the hispanic individual datag period. EPHEMERAL PORTABLE ARCHITECTURE Tree house Ephemeral - lasting for a very short time - A single-room house of light materials that Ephemeral architecture - is an ancient part of our are either integrally build on high trees or architectural heritage, stretching back to the above the tree stump serving as the main vernacular works of nomadic cultures. house‟s support Example of Ephemeral Architecture RICE TERRACES Lean – to Prehistoric Mega structure Dait-dait - Found in the cordillera region at an altitude Hawong of anywhere from 500- 1600 m. - May have been used for cultivation of taro EPHEMERAL ARCHITECTURE and other crops which continue to be an Lean-to / Pinanahang – botanic shield of the Agta important staple for a part of the region. of Palanan. Built with strong but light branches and - Walls ht = 6m (sometimes 16m) palm fronds. RICE TERRACES PARTS Dait-dait – is a simple windscreen used by the Mamanua of northeastern Mindanao when hunting. Built with wild banana, coconut fronds or grass usually lashed out with rattan. Hawong – by Pinatubo Aeta. Usually constructed with a ridge pole supported by forked stakes or limbs. It forms two sloping sides with one or both ends open. ARBOREAL SHELTER Arboreal means living in trees. Tree houses in the Philippines are usually found in 1. Bawang, enclosed pond-field surface areas where violent intertribal conflicts or 2. Pumpudungan, property marker nocturnal raids are frequent. 3. Inado, vegetable mulch mounds 4. Banong, dike/pond-field rim Tinguian of Palan, located northwest of Abra, has 5. Topeng, stone retaining wall two shelters. The daytime shelter was a small hut 6. Lobong, water while the nocturnal abode is called alligang. 7. Guheng, spillway 8. Luyo, worked pond-field soil TREE DWELLERS IN THE PHILIPPINES 9. Haguntal, hard earth fill Gaddang and Kalinga of Luzon 10. Adog, rough gravel fill Gonad, foundation Manobosand Mandaya of Mindanao stone Moros of lake Lanao 11. Ahbubul, submerged water source Negritos of Bukidnon and North-central 12. anul, drainage conduit Mindanao Bagobo of Davao 13. Gangal, course fills/small stone Mandaya 14. Aldoh, second-course walling stone Bilaan Ilongot 15. Doplah, bedrock/original valley-floor earth RICE TERRACES ZONING 3. Actual process of construction involves Bable – The settlement of Ifugao Community which intuitive thinking, done w/o blueprints and is compromise of bale/fale and granary open to later modification. 4. There is a balance bet. Social/economic functionality & aesthetic features. 5. Archt. Patterns & style are subject to a protracted evolution of traditional styles specific to an ethnic domain. TAKE NOTE *Vernacular architecture symbolizes cultural, embodies the communal & concretizes abstract. * exist environmental context AUSTRONESIAN HOUSE - Consist of pile construction on stilts, raised living floor & a pitch roof w/ extended ridges. PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE - Broadly applied to denote indigenous, pock, tribal, ethnic/traditional MATERIALS architecture found among the different Wood - Bamboo - Palm leaves - Grass thatch - ethnolinguistic. Plant fibers Ethnolinguistic - Refers to the grammar, syntax, diction in expressing buildings in a locale, while TECHNIQUES signifying the diverse range of building tradition in Post-beam method - Jointing - Box trame a region. - From Latin “Vernaculus” w/c means native SAMAL HOUSE 5 PRINCIPLES FEATURES VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE 1. The artisans/ these are planning to live in the bldgs. Are non-pro arch‟ts/engrs. 2. There is consonant adaptation using natural materials to the geographical environment.  - Traditional samal houses are elevated RITUALS/ ORDERED SPACE rectangular one-room structures near the Tausug house coastal waters of Southern Mindanao, - Recreates the creation according to the Palawan, Zamboanga, and Sulu genesis myth archipelago. Panay house - The houses are clustered in groups by - Erection of post is sequenced to kinship, with 100 to 500 members per group, systematically slay the cosmic serpent and affiliated with the nearest mosque. (Bakukakaforce of evil) - Coastal house has ample space underneath the house for the family‟s TAUSUG HOUSE pelang (boat) and fishing paraphernalia. BADJAO HOUSE Bay sinug, House - The traditional house of the tausug in the - Badjao is the second largest community in Southern Philippines the Sulu Archipelago. - Tausug or “suluk” is the foremost ethnic - Houses are built separately in staggered group in Sulu then followed by the Badjao patterns but connected the neighborhood (Bajau, Bajao, Badjao, Samal or Sama), the through Jambatan (Footbridge) and its yakan, the Kagayan, the Iranun (Ilanun) , own taytayan (catwalk) and to the waters and the Kalibugan (Subanun or Suba’ by Harunan. anun) - The word tausug is said to come from the words “Tau” (people) and “sug” (tide) hence they are the “people of the tide” -  Sinadumparan - is provided with windows only on the southern and western side due to the strong winds coming from the northern and north eastern areas during typhoons. Kabahayan, village - The housing section of a Batanes town of community. Other types of Ivatan Stone houses: IVATAN THATCH HOUSE Sinadumparan a binedbaran - A variation of the - Low houses of wood, bamboo & thatch. sinadumparan with the thick gable-end cogon roof exposed or built above the masonry gable wall. Monsoon Frontier Jinjin - A type of house with a timber-framed structure which uses reeds and Mayhurahed - An ivatan house with thick cogon cogon materials for its walls and roofs. roof, the lower portion of the enclosing wall is of masonry while the upper portion is constructed Kamadid - An ivatan type of house with its using cogon grass securely tied to the wall studs. enclosing‟s lower portion built of wood, while the upper portion is built of cogongrass. Chivuvuhung - An ivatan house having its three sides made from cogon grass securely tied to the Rahaung - An ivatan structure used as a working wall studs while the remaining wall is erected out of area and a place of storage for fishing implements. stone masonry. IVATAN STONE HOUSE Sinadumparan, stone house - A type of ivatan house usually built parallel to the road and with stone masonry wall and thick thatch roof. - Traditionally, the main house with paya (shelves) is a one-room space used for sleeping and living while the kitchen is an independent structure. CORDILLERA HOUSE Vary in size & shape Common functions: - Provision of shelter from cold - Protection from dampness and humidity (w/c can destroy grains) - Offers defense/protection from hostile tribesman, wild animals & Vermin - Homes are designed in relation to terrain and mountains. Binayon/finaryon, House ISNEG - KALINGA - BONTOC - IFUGAO - - The traditional house in an octagonal layout KANKANAY or plan. In apayao, this house is called binuron. KALINGA HOUSE Foruy - The traditional house of the kalinga. - Comprised of elevated, rectangular one-room house. - Feature of the house is the removable panel and the elevated floor along the perimeter of the wall BONTOC HOUSE IFUGAO HOUSE Afung, house - The traditional type of house in Bontoc, Mountain Province comprised of perimeter wooden walls enclosed in an open living space, and central granaries. Babarey, village - The village usually consists of ator (men‟s meeting place), afong (houses), pabafunan (boy‟s dormitory), chap-ay (open space with flat stone in circular layout), and ahkamang (rice granary). KANKANAY AND IBALOI HOUSE Baey/baybayan, house - An elevated, square, one room house of the Li-im, eating area Kankanay and Ibaloi, with four thick posts - The most spacious in the house since it supporting a timber upper floor and steep contains only an elevated stick rack hip type roof of cogon grass. (patyay) suspended on the wall, and the water jar (panannom) in one corner. LOWLAND VERNACULAR DWELLINGS Bahay kubo Tap-an, pounding area - From Balai which is vernacular for house - The section of the house with stone Cubo which comes from - Spanish “cube”/ kobo pavement and a pounding hole where the task of pounding rice is done. APAYAO HOUSE Balai, house Ang-an, sleeping area - The traditional type of house in Apayao with - The area is utilized for sleeping with atag an elevated rectangular one-room (reed mat) as bed for the couple and structure and protected by a high-pitch children up to eight years old. Falig, granary thatch roof that resembles a pointed barrel Soklut, cooking area. vault. BAHAY KUBO YAKAN HOUSE Bahay kubo, cube-shaped house Lumah, house - A common type of dwelling in lowland and - The traditional house of the Yakans in the coastal areas during the pre-hispanic mountainous interior of Basilian Island. philippines. - The interior of the one room house is divided Sibi, eaves into Kokan (sleeping area) or tindakan - The portion of the thatch roof that extends (multi-use living space), Pantan or simpey beyond the wall. (couch), and Kosina (kitchen) by a 0.25 meter by 0.25 meter patung (wooden flitch) SAGADA HOUSE Tinokbob, house - One of the earliest houses in Sagada, windowless with a thick and steep roof intended to withstand the cold weather conditions.