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Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK) Faculty of Arts and Sciences GEIT210 – Information Technology and Networking Fall 2024-2025 Chapter 1: Hardware Outline Information Systems System units Ha...

Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK) Faculty of Arts and Sciences GEIT210 – Information Technology and Networking Fall 2024-2025 Chapter 1: Hardware Outline Information Systems System units Hardware Design System Unit Peripherals USEK GEIT210 3 Information Systems Information system (IS): Any organized system for the collection, organization, storage and communication of information. Database (DB): A large amount of related data and obeying to static or dynamic restrictions USEK GEIT210 4 System units Mainframe: Mainframe computers are computers used by large organizations for critical applications, industry, enterprise resource planning, and transaction processing. Computer, Micro Computer, Desktop: A small computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU). It includes a memory, and input/output (I/O) mounted on a single printed circuit board, called the (Central Unit or Motherboard). USEK GEIT210 5 System units Laptop: is a portable computer Notebook: is smaller than laptop Tablet, Ipad: are smaller than notebooks, never including a keyboard IPod: is smaller and never including a GSM (phone) Card Iphone, mobile phone: are smaller, always include a GSM Card Iphone, Ipad, Ipod: have IOS operating system and are Apple trademark E-Reader: Electronic reader is a device for reading content, such as EBooks, newspapers and documents. USEK GEIT210 6 Hardware Design USEK GEIT210 7 Hardware Design USEK GEIT210 8 Hardware Design USEK GEIT210 9 System Unit Memories Memories: Memory capacity is measured in Bytes. We have 2 kinds of memories:  Permanent memories, like ROM and all storage memories. Like USB Flash, Hard Disk, CD ROM, Floppy disk, …  Non-permanent memories, like CPU registers, RAM and Cache Memory USEK GEIT210 10 System Unit RAM, Central Memory RAM definition: Random Access Memory (RAM) is a computer data storage place which stores frequently used program instructions to increase the general speed of a system. If you're working on a document, spreadsheet, or other type of file, you'll need to save it to avoid losing it. When you save a file, the data is written to the hard drive, which acts as long-term storage. Modern RAM is about 4 GBytes. RAM contains a set of boxes called Bytes, each box has its own address between 1 and 4,000,000,000 for 4GB RAM. BYTE: Each byte is composed of 8 bits. bit: A bit is the smallest memory in the computer, it may be 3 volts or 0 volt. 2 states, 2 possibilities (binary). The first state 3 volts is called 1 for programmers and 0 volt called 0. USEK GEIT210 11 System Unit ROM: is a Read Only Memory located on the motherboard. Stores information essential to operate the system, like the program essential to boot the computer. Cache Memory: is an intermediate memory between CPU and RAM that is used to speed up searching information inside your memory. Cache Memory is about 256 KBytes, it is larger than CPU and smaller than RAM. It is slower than CPU and faster than RAM. BUS or DATA BUS: are copper lines drawn on the motherboard (replacing old cables). It is a passive component linking CPU to Cache, to RAM, to ports, to Extension slot, where information travels from one component to another. USEK GEIT210 12

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