Group 6 Report on Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and Information Literacy PDF

GROUP 6 LEGAL, ETHICAL, AND SOCIETAL ISSUES IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY  INTRODUCTION: With the growing online community in this new information age, people must know and understand their rights and responsibilities as media and information providers and consumers in order to become digita...

GROUP 6 LEGAL, ETHICAL, AND SOCIETAL ISSUES IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY  INTRODUCTION: With the growing online community in this new information age, people must know and understand their rights and responsibilities as media and information providers and consumers in order to become digital citizens. Significantly encompassing these rights and responsibilities are the issues of Intellectual Property, Fair Use, Netiquette, Internet Addiction, and Cyberbullying. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) It defined as referring to the “creations of the mind”, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names, and images used in commerce. “It is a property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect” It is an invention or a copyright that is officially owned by someone. It can be classified into two categories (1) Industrial Property which includes patents, trademarks, industrial designs and geographical indications and appellations of origin; and (2) Copyright which covers literary works (such as novels, poems, and plays), films, music, artistic works (e.g. drawings, paintings, photographs, and sculptures) and architectural design. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS? Rights related to copyright include those of performing artists in their performances, producers of phonograms in their recordings, and broadcasters in their radio and television programs (WIPO, 2016). In the Philippines, IP is protected under two laws – the Intellectual Property Code (RA 8293) and the Cybercrime Prevention Act (RA 10175). Both laws protect intellectual property rights, allowing the rightful creators or owners of patents, trademarks, or copyrighted works to benefit from their own work or creation – may it be of moral or material TYPES OF INTELLECTUA L PROPERTY 1. COPYRIGHT. It is a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary and artistic works. This covers works ranging from books, music, paintings, sculpture and films, to computer programs, databases, advertisements, maps and technical drawings (WIPO, 2. PATENT. It is an exclusive right granted for an invention. It provides the patent owner with the right to consent on the invention or a way for others to use it. In return, the patent owner is responsible for making technical information about the invention available in the published patent document or 3. TRADEMARK. It is a distinguished sign of goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises. It can be compared to what craftsmen used in ancient times as “signature mark” on their product (WIPO, 2016). 4. INDUSTRIAL DESIGN WIPO (2016) defines Industrial design as an ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an item. A design may consist of three- dimensional features such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two- dimensional features such An industrial design right protects only the appearance or aesthetic features of a product, whereas a patent protects an invention that offers a new technical solution to a problem. In principle, an industrial design right does not protect the technical or functional features of a product. Such features could, however, potentially be protected by a patent. 5. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND APPELLATIONS OF ORIGIN. These are signs used on products possessing qualities, a status, or characteristics that are essentially attributable to that location of origin. Generally, a geographical indication includes the name of the Republic Act No. 8293 or Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines the copyrighted works are under this Term of Protection (Source: Official Gazette, 2012, section 213) Intellectual property is essential in creating a culture of creativity, progress, and innovations as any content creator’s exclusive rights to their own creation are secured and protected through the IP law. This means one’s original work cannot be legally copied or used for profit. Otherwise, one can be penalized on grounds of infringement. Copyright law allows the owner to control access to his or her own work and consequently provides strong penalties for infringement of owners’ rights. However, the law also includes certain exemptions to the rule and considerations in the use of the copyrighted materials from the FAIR USE Fair use is a legal principle stating that one can use a copyrighted work without a license for the following purposes: commentary, criticism, reporting, research, and teaching. Furthermore, the copyrighted material must observe conditions such as (1) amount and substantiality of the portion taken; (2) purpose and character of one’s use; (3) nature of the copyrighted work; and (4) potential market effect (Stim, 2016). In general, one must own the majority of the new content, give full credit to the original source, and use the content for non-profit to clarify the terms and conditions in control of the creative work between the author and the general public, one needs permission from the copyright holder which is called a license. Some content creators choose to license their work more freely by giving their work a Creative Commons license or even putting their work in Public Domain. These CC licenses are copyright licenses providing a simple and standardized way INFOGRAPHICS ABOUT COPYRIGHT, FAIR USE, AND CREATIVE COMMONS Infographic 1: Copyright, Fair Use and Public Domain Infographic 2: Using Creative Commons Content NETIQUETTE One of the pressing problems in the digital age is the lack of basic manners in using the Internet. Seemingly overwhelmed with the liberty one enjoys in digital media, online users tend to forget that they are still interacting with real people, although in the virtual world or cyberspace. To help minimize mistakes, untoward encounters, and unkind experiences online, understanding and applying the rules in Netiquette is necessary. Netiquette or network etiquette is a set of Virtual Self is how you present yourself on online platforms. Whatever you say or do on the Internet can be viewed and others can easily pass judgment without even knowing who you are outside Netiquette simply reminds you to respect the virtual environment. and protect your own privacy, as well as others’. You must “self-reflect before you self-reveal” (Common Sense Education). Digital Footprint Digital footprint is any data record of the things you do online. Anything on the Internet with your name creates a trail of data about you. This could be information in your personal website, any activity in social media, your browsing history, online subscription, and the like. Data Privacy Not only virtual self and digital footprint are incorporated in netiquette. Respecting and managing data privacy is also a responsible behavior on the Internet. Data privacy or the fundamental right of an individual to protect private information from disclosure to information and communication systems is under Republic Act No. 10173 or the Data Privacy Act of 2012. QUIZ TIME!