Art History A Level Past Paper PDF

WEEK 1: SIGNIFICANT CONCEPTS AND DIVISION OF THE ARTS GENERAL OVERVIEW OF HUMANITIES 1. VISUAL Arts that are primarily seen, occupy HUMANITIES space. Humanities came from theLa...

WEEK 1: SIGNIFICANT CONCEPTS AND DIVISION OF THE ARTS GENERAL OVERVIEW OF HUMANITIES 1. VISUAL Arts that are primarily seen, occupy HUMANITIES space. Humanities came from theLatin word Painting, Sculpture humanus meaning "refined, cultured, 2. AUDITORY and human." Heard, timed arts; exist in time. Study of the different cultural Music andPoetry aspects of man, his frailties in life 3. COMBINED/PERFORMING ART and how it can be improved.. Combines visual& auditory Record man's quest for answers elements. tothe fundamental questions he Drama andTheater asksabout himself and about life. Humanities are expressions of man's PURPOSE OF ARTS feelings and thoughts. Create Beauty Emphasizes dignity and worthiness Provide Decoration of man and recognizes creative Reveal Truth expressions Immortalize Aimed to shape student's subjective Express Religious Value energies (feelings, attitudes and Record and Commemorate aspirations) Create order and harmony IMPORTANCE OF HUMANITIES WEEK 2: ASSUMPTIONS AND NATURE Man needs an image of himself OF ART Understanding of his natures Necessary for the development of a ASSUMPTION OF ART complete social man Art is universal Provides man with a measure of his Art is not nature own passion and desire Art involves experience Regulate man’s behavior ART IS UNIVERSAL - Art has been ETYMOLOGY OF ART created by all people at all times, in all “ART” comes from the Aryan root countries and it lives because it's word “ARS” which means to put well-liked, and enjoyed. together. Latin word “ARS” which means ART IS NOT NATURE - Inese poga’s skills/ability spending time with spring nature Cover those areas of artistic creativity - embraces the visual arts, Art is made by man,whereas nature is a literature, music and dance. given around us.It is in this juncture that Expresses aesthetic ideas by use of they can be considered opposites. What we skill & imagination. find in nature should not be expected to be present in art too. Yusef Lateef - Whatever I do today is the The Ancient World did not have any whole continuum of my experience. Like conceived notion of ast in the same way John Dewey said in his book 'Art as that we do now. To them, art only meant Experience, you can't separate experience using the base bands to produce something from the work of art. So, if I write for the that will be useful to one's day-to-day life. symphony today, you're listening to everything that's happened to ART IN MEDIEVAL (latin meaning) - "any me since I was 18 years old. special form of book-learning, such as grammar or logic, magic, as astrology." ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE - There can never be appreciation of art EARLY RENAISSANCE - artists saw their without experience. activities merely as craftsmanship, devoid of a whole lot of intonations that are attached NATURE OF ART - Art existed since man to the ward now. learned to draw and before he could even start to talk as shown by the early paintings During the 17 century when the problem in the prehistoric period. The body of arts and idea of aesthetics began to unfold considered ideas, beliefs, and values of the distinctly on the notion of technical past, present, and future. workmanship, which was the original conception of the word. For as long as man has existed on this planet, he has cultivated the land, altered WHY STUDY THE HUMANITIES? the conditions of the fauna and the flora, in "The humanities constitute one of the oldest order to survive. and most important means of expression developed by man." Alongside these necessities, man also marked his place in the world through his Human history has witnessed how man works. Through his bare hands, man evolved not just physically but also constructed infrastructures that tended to culturally, from cave painters to men of his needs, like his house. He sharpened exquisite paintbrush users of the present. swords and spears. He employed fire in order to melt gold. The Galloping Wild Boar found in the cave of Altamira, Spain - According to ART - The word “art” comes from the experts, these paintings were prepared to ancient Latin, ars which means a “craft or belong to the Upper Paleolithic Age, several specialized form of skill, like carpentry or thousands of years before the current era. blacksmithing or surgery.” Prehistoric men, with their crude instruments, already showcased and Art then suggested the capacity to produce manifested earliest attempts at recording an intended result from carefully planned man's innermost interests, preoccupations, steps or methods. and thoughts. WEEK 3: FUNCTIONS AND EXPRESSION The meaning that is communicated OF ARTS by the artist or the artwork. 3 BASIC FUNCTIONS OF ARTS FORM/COMPOSITION 1. PERSONAL Totally of the masterpiece regardless 2. SOCIAL of meaning 3. PHYSICAL The overall organization of artwork. It is an outcome of the artists' effort 1. PERSONAL to use elements of art and arrange Expression of oneself them to aesthetic principles. Create a pieces out of need for self Ex: expression or gratification Elements of arts Representing the outcome of art to 2 SOCIAL determine the texture, shape, line, Used for public display and color, and value celebration Used to affect the collective behavior SUBJECT OF ARTS Ex: Nature Artwork Guernica People and Events Myths and Legends 3. PHYSICAL Spiritual and Religious Beliefs Utilitarian. "Mens sana in corpore sano" (A TYPES OF SUBJECT healthy mind in a health body) 1. Representational Art - These types Architecture crafts such as welding of art have subjects that refer to and woodworking interior design and objects or events occurring in the industrial design. real world often, it is also termed Ex. figurative art, because as the name Eiffel tower art in paris suggests, the figures depicted are easy to make out and decipher. EXPRESSIONS OF ART - The expressions or application of human creativity and 2. Non-representational Art - This art imagination does not make a reference to the real world, whether it is a person, SUBJECT place, thing, o. even a particular Refers to the visual focus or the event. It is stripped down to visual image that may be extracted from elements such as shapes, lines, examining the artwork. emotion, and even concept. Ex. The most common subjects of art included such as people (portraiture), the CONTENTS OF ARTS natural world ( landscape) 1. Factual - pertains to the most rudimentary level of meaning for it CONTENT may be extracted from the Meaning and interpretation identifiable or recognizable forms in  the artwork and understanding how TECHNOLOGICAL MEDIA these elements relate to one Photography another. Film and Videos Facts - evident of artwork Computer Arts Includes artwork designed and produced by 2. Conventional - meaning, on the means of electronic media technologies other hand, pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of the WEEK 4 & 5: ELEMENTS OF ARTS artwork using motifs, sient, symbols and other ciphers as bases of its Gestalt Psychology strongly believed meaning. These conventions are that perceptions of our surroundings established through time, and experiences are holistic rather strengthened by recurrent use, and than pieces of a whole, a famous wide acceptance by its viewers or gestalt principle states, "the whole is audience and scholars who study greater than the sum of its parts." this. Gestalt means organization or Belief - Opinion in that artwork configuration. This approach in psychology 3. Subjective - Different overview or believes that our brains or minds perspective in artwork. A variety of have convenient ways to organize meaning may arise when a particular and configure our perceptions in work of art is read These meanings holistic and convenient ways. stem from the viewer's or audience's In the same aspect, art could not be circumstances that come into play appreciated by nitpicking into its when engaging with art components only. Rather, art and designs are best EXPRESSIONS appreciated by understanding their Two-dimensional art holistic appeal and their ability to Three-dimensional art weave cohesively into the different elements and their application. 1. Two-dimensional art Hence, an exploration to the It has width and height. different elements and principles of Has a plane/picture frame. art and design. Ex: The elements of art are the visual Drawing,painting,sketch,photographs components or which are required to create a work of art. 2. Three-dimensional art Knowing the basics of the elements The actual and real depth of art. of art can help any artist to create It can be appreciated through tactile well-balanced, and beautiful sense. designs. Ex: Sculpture, assembling, modeling, carving Types of elements of Art TYPES OF LINES 1. Line VERTICAL LINES 2. Color HORIZONTAL LINES 3. Texture DIAGONAL LINES 4. Perspective CURVED LINES 5. Space 6. Shape/Form/Volume ➔ VERTICAL LINE Are poised for action. Balanced, LINE - Line is a mark on a surface that torrid, and dynamic. They express describes a shape or outline. It can create an impression of dignity. texture and can be thick and thin. Types of Only vertical lines can be used to line can include actual, implied, vertical, express an orderly feeling. horizontal, diagonal and contour line. It represents 90 degree angles and Lines are essential elements of art emphasize power and strength as they provide the impression of path and movement along space. ➔ HORIZONTAL LINE Lines speak language that an artist Are lines of repose and can comprehend. serenity.They express ideas of Lines are the first element of art and calmness and quiescence. are continuous marks that are made on any surface with a moving point. ➔ DIAGONAL LINE Lines can be used in various ways to are slanted lines used to create create different compositions. feelings of movement or action. A line can be used to express They create an impression of rising various things or feelings; it can be or falling. used to show various moods or Diagonal represent movement very anything abstract. power and uncontrollable energy Line serves as an essential building and unstoppable energy in block of art, but it can also serve as anywhere the content itself of a work of art, or be manipulated to evoke an ➔ CURVED LINE emotional or intellectual response sometimes referred asS-Curves, from a viewer, (Fichner-Rathus, suggest gracefulness or sexiness. 2010). These are lines that do not appear linear; hence, directions are not ➔ ACTUAL LINE - Actual lines are real clearly established. marks made in a composition. flexibility in different direction like ➔ IMPLIED LINE - Implied lines are letter S curved lines that are suggested by changes in color, tone and texture or by the MOVEMENTS OF LINES edges of shapes Repetition - occurs when two or more lines are drawn within a corner following the lines of the corner. And  create a pattern order or unity “consistent line” INTENSITY - refers to the brightness or dullness of color. It gives color strength. Contrasting Line -that are in When a hue is in vivid form, it is said to be opposition to each other form a in full intensity. When it is dulled, it is said to contrasting line.And create a be partly neutralized. Intensity full of intersect of two line or flowing two expectrum great color complimentary color different line COLOR SCHEMES - major color schemes Transition line- is a line that are monochromatic, analogous, connects two workflow elements. complementary color, split complementary, Transition lines allow you to define color triads what the next step in a workflow will be.To help connect different lines. ➔ MONOCHROMATIC -This technique where only one color is With used.a COLOR limited option for colors, this Color refers to the visual perception of light provides strong and unifying being reflected from a surface of an artwork. expression to the art. COLOR WHEEL - is an abstract illustrative ➔ COMPLEMENTARY COLOR - organization of color hues around a circle, Complementary colors are that shows relationships between primary used when the theme of art is intended (first color), secondary (two different colors), to create a strong expression of contrast. tertiary colors (create a different color), and etc. ➔ COLOR TRIADS - From the name itself, art must be focused on three HUE - is the term for the pure spectrum general colors spaced the color commonly referred to by the "color on equal intervals of the color wheel. names" - (red, blue, and yellow )- which appear in the hue circle or rainbow. ➔ SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY COLOR Theoretically, all hues can be mixed from - This is used to combine a hue with three basic hues, known as primaries. each side of its exact complement. Used to create perfect nature art VALUE - refers to the lightness or darkness pieces. of a color. It is the quality which depends on the amount of light and dark in color. ➔ WARM AND COOL COLORS - Black, White, and Gray are neutral Warm groups contain the hues of colors. red, orange, and yellow. Cool colors are blue, green, violet. TWO TYPES OF VALUE 1. Tints - values above the normal. PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS - 2. Shades - values below the normal. Colors have varied psychological emotional connotations.  1. Black is associated with death and Painters usually show the effect of gloom. space distance by converging lines 2. White stands for purity innocence of diminishing size. 3. Red is associated with blood, anger, Parallel lines below the eye level and fear. seem to rise to a vanishing point in 4. Green implies happiness and the horizon, while those above the abundance eye level seem to descend to the vanishing point. TEXTURE - Texture is the element that deals more directly with the sense of touch. ➔ AERIAL PERSPECTIVE - Aerial It has to do with the characteristics of perspective is the representation of surfaces which can be rough or smooth, fine relative distances of objects by or coarse, shiny or dull, plain or irregular. gradations of tone or color. Objects become fainter in the distance due 2 Types of Texture to the effect of the 1. Implied Texture - atmosphere.Objects appear to Visual texture- not requires sense of belighter in color as they recede into touch, illusion object or untouch the distance or atmosphere. object only can do is recognize object SPACE expresses the idea of how a surface Space refers to how the artist fills might feel. For example, a painting the surface on which a work of art is of a blanket might convey the idea created. It can also refer to the that the blanket is soft. “expression of depth within” a work of art. 2. Actual texture - When talking about a Requires sense of touch three-dimensional object, “space is on the other hand, is texture that can the actual volume”that is taken up by actually be felt. For example, a the artwork. ceramic bowl might feature a carved Space as an element of art, refers to texture that Could be felt when distances or areas around, between holding that bowl. or within components of a piece. Space can be positive (white or light) PERSPECTIVE - Perspective deals with the or negative (black or dark), open or “EFFECT OF DISTANCE” upon the closed, shallow or deep and appearance of objects, by means of which two-dimensional or the eye judges spatial relationships. three-dimensional. Sometimes space isn't actually ➔ LINEAR PERSPECTIVE- the within a piece, but the illusion of it is. representation of an appearance of distance by means of converging ➔ KIND OF SPACE - lines. It has to do with the direction 1. Positive Space - the areas in a of lines and with the size of objects. work of art that are the subjects, or areas of interest.  2. Negative Space- areas around the VOLUME - refers to the amount of space subjects, or areas of interest. occupied in three dimensions. It refers to solidity or thickness. SHAPE FORM/.VOLUME - Shape, Form, and Volume are words that are used to What Is Volume? describe distinct areas or parts of works of VOLUME IS THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL art or architecture. SPACE OCCUPIED BY A SOLID,LIQUID OR GAS SHAPE - A shape conveys a defined two dimensional area.It has an outline around and it is recognizable through its form. In a sense, by adjusting an outline, shapes can be formed. FORMS - Form refers to a three-dimensional object. As such, form is an art term that is only applied to those artworks that are three-dimensional, such as sculpture and pottery. much like shapes, can be geometric or organic. Geometric forms have hard lines and edges. Organic forms are curvy and more free-form. ➔ FREE-FORM SHAPES - represent freedom shape in a certain shape Free-Form Shapes has irregular structure. They may be characterized by some combinations of curves and angles. ➔ GEOMETRIC FORMS - are those which correspond to named regular shapes, such as squares, rectangles,circles, cubes, spheres, cones, and other regular forms. ➔ ORGANIC FORMS - typically are irregular in outline, and often asymmetrical. Organic forms are most often thought of as naturally occurring.