GE 103 Contemporary World PDF

GE 103 Contemporary World IVAN HEINRICH A. VILLANUEVA Asst. Professor 4 CHED CIRCULAR ON GENERAL EDUCATION COURSES (CHED MEMO 20 s 2013) ► Understanding the Self ► Readings in Phil. History ► Contemporary World ► Mathematics in the Modern Era ► Purposive Communication ► Science and Tech...

GE 103 Contemporary World IVAN HEINRICH A. VILLANUEVA Asst. Professor 4 CHED CIRCULAR ON GENERAL EDUCATION COURSES (CHED MEMO 20 s 2013) ► Understanding the Self ► Readings in Phil. History ► Contemporary World ► Mathematics in the Modern Era ► Purposive Communication ► Science and Technology and Society ► Ethics BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF GE 103 ► The Contemporary World. Globalization and its impact on individuals , societies and communities, challenges and responses. The course aims 1. to introduce the students to the state of the world today and the new global order. 2. What does globalization meant both theoricatically and from the perspective of individuals and societies affected by global firms, processes and movements. The phenome num of globalization is thus examined from a variety of perspective as well as its effects on traditional cultures and communities , nations and political institutions, and local , national, regional economies. 3. Students will be asked to identify challenges posed by globalization and considers responses to those challenges as demonstrated by experience on the ground.  Unit 1 Intro. Globalization Establishing the Nation State The Global Interstate System Unit 1.Globalization, Establishing a Nation State, Global Interstate System ► Learning Outcomes for Unit 1. Describe the emergence of global economic, political and cultural system Various definition of globalization Anthony Giddens (2007) ► Anthony Gidden”s Definition (2007) Instensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away. Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among people , companies and government of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investments and aided by information technology. This process has the effect on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economc development and prosperity, and on human physical well being in societies around the world. Types of Globalization Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization  What is a nation state? Nation-state, a territorially bounded sovereign polity—i.e., a state—that is ruled in the name of a community of citizens who identify themselves as a nation. The legitimacy of a nation-state’s rule over a territory and over the population inhabiting it stems from the right of a core national group within the state (which may include all or only some of its citizens) to self-determination. Members of the core national group see the state as belonging to them and consider the approximate territory of the state to be their homeland. Accordingly, they demand that other groups, both within and outside the state, recognize and respect their control over the state. As the American sociologist Rogers Brubaker put it in Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe (1996), nation-states are “states of and for particular nations.”  Peace of Westphalia Peace of Westphalia, European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years’ War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years’ War. The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück. The Spanish-Dutch treaty was signed on January 30, 1648. The treaty of October 24, 1648, comprehended the Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand III, the other German princes, France, and Sweden. England, Poland, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire were the only European powers that were not represented at the two assemblies. Some scholars of international relations credit the treaties with providing the foundation of the modern state system and articulating the concept of territorial sovereignty. Cont… As a political model, the nation-state fuses two principles: the principle of state sovereignty, first articulated in the Peace of Westphalia (1648), which recognizes the right of states to govern their territories without external interference; and the principle of national sovereignty, which recognizes the right of national communities to govern themselves. National sovereignty in turn is based on the moral-philosophical principle of popular sovereignty, according to which states belong to their peoples. The latter principle implies that legitimate rule of a state requires some sort of consent by the people. That requirement does not mean, however, that all nation-states are democratic. Indeed, many authoritarian rulers have presented themselves—both to the outside world of states and internally to the people under their rule—as ruling in the name of a sovereign nation. Decision ► Under the terms of the peace settlement, a number of countries received territories or were confirmed in their sovereignty over territories. The territorial clauses all favoured Sweden, France, and their allies. Sweden obtained western Pomerania (with the city of Stettin), the port of Wismar, the archbishopric of Bremen, and the bishopric of Verden. These gains gave Sweden control of the Baltic Sea and the estuaries of the Oder, Elbe, and Weser rivers. France obtained sovereignty over Alsace and was confirmed in its possession of Metz, Toul, and Verdun, which it had seized a century before; France thus gained a firm frontier west of the Rhine River. Brandenburg obtained eastern Pomerania and several other smaller territories. Bavaria was able to keep the Upper Palatinate, while the Rhenish Palatinate was restored to Charles Louis, the son of the elector palatine Frederick V. Two other important results of the territorial settlement were the confirmation of the United Provinces of the Netherlands and the Swiss Confederation as independent republics, thus formally recognizing a status which those two states had actually held for many decades. Apart from these territorial changes, a universal and unconditional amnesty to all those who had been deprived of their possessions was declared, and it was decreed that all secular lands (with specified exceptions) should be restored to those who had held them in 1618. ►  Global Interstate System It is the whole system of human interactions. The modern world-system is structured politically as an interstate system – a system of competing and allying states. Political Scientists commonly call this the international system, and it is the main focus of the field of International Relations.  Imperialism vs Colonialism Imperialism Colonialism ► Imperialism is a policy or ideology of ► Colonialism is a practice or policy of extending the rule over peoples and control by one people or power over other countries, for extending political other people or areas, often by and economic access, power and establishing colonies and generally control, often through employing hard with the aim of economic power, especially military force, but dominance. In the process also soft power. While related to the of colonisation, colonisers may impose concepts of colonialism and empire, their religion, language, economics, imperialism is a distinct concept that and other cultural practices. The can apply to other forms of expansion foreign administrators rule the territory and many forms of government. in pursuit of their interests, seeking to benefit from the colonised region's people and resources. It is associated with but distinct from imperialism.  Visual Difference Colonialism Imperialism  Unit 2 Contemporary Global Governance The Global Economy Market Integration  Global Governance Global governance is a purposeful order that emerges from institutions, processes, norms, formal agreements, and informal mechanisms that regulate action for a common good. Global governance encompasses activity at the international, transnational, and regional levels, and refers to activities in the public and private sectors that transcend national boundaries.  4 Factors of Global Governance ► Activities are undertaken under this theme aim to improve the global governance of economic factors:\ 1. Trade 2, Financial flows 3. Labor 4. intellectual property by fostering innovation as well as by maximizing these factors to advance global peace, security, and justice.  United Nation The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization aiming to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. It is the world's largest, and most familiar, international organization. The UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City and has other main offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague. ► The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945. Currently made up of 193 Member States, the UN and its work are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter. United Nations  Organs of U.N The United Nations (UN) has six main organs. Five of them — the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council and the Secretariat — are based at UN Headquarters in New York. The sixth, the International Court of Justice, is located at The Hague in the Netherlands. Different Specialized Organizations under U.N  Challenges of U.N 1. Serious food and energy shortages, 2.climate change 3. terrorism 4. nuclear threats 5. unrestrained globalization 6. the collapse of the international financial system… The modern ills of the planet, most of which are the result of our errors and neglect, threaten the very existence of future generations. Global Economy The global economy refers to the interconnected worldwide economic activities that take place between multiple countries.... It refers to the exchange of goods and services between different countries, and it has also helped countries to specialize in products which they have a comparative advantage in. ► ∙ The global economy is the system that produces and distributes goods and wealth for the population of the planet. The following are its basics characteristics. Characteristics of Global Economy How does Global Economy works ►The global economy provides linkages between the regions and nations of the world in a system of economic relationships. These relationships involve the exchange of goods and services, financial flows across borders, exchanging different nations' currencies, movement of people in search of better standards of living. ► ∙.  What are the four benefits of global economy? Summary of costs/benefits What are the benefits of global economy? Benefits Costs Lower prices/ greater choice Structural unemployment Economies of scale – lower prices Environmental costs Increased global investment Tax competition and avoidance Free movement of labour Brain drain from some countries  Market Integration ► a situation in which separate markets for the same product become one single market, for example when an import tax in one of the markets is removed: It has long been recognized that market integration is far more efficient than firm integration.  Role of Market Integration Market integration provides a number of social benefits, including broadening the range of financial services and investment opportunities available to consumers and increasing competition in the provision of those services.  Types of Market Integration Backward vertical integration ►This involves acquiring a business operating earlier in the supply chain – e.g. a retailer buys a wholesaler, a brewer buys a hop farm Conglomerate integration ►This involves the combination of firms that are involved in unrelated business activities Forward vertical integration ►This involves acquiring a business further up in the supply chain – e.g. a vehicle manufacturer buys a car parts distributor Horizontal integration ►Here, businesses in the same industry and which operate at the same stage of the production process are combined. What is Economic Integration ► market integration. noun [ U ] ECONOMICS. a situation in which separate markets for the same product become one single market, for example when an import tax in one of the markets is removed: It has long been recognized that market integration is far more efficient than firm integration. Purpose of Market Integration ► Market integration provides a number of social benefits, including broadening the range of financial services and investment opportunities available to consumers and increasing competition in the provision of those services.Apr 15, 2019  Example of Market Integration ► Examples of market integration are the establishment of wholesaling facilities by food retailers and the setting up of another plant by a milk processor. In each case, there is a concentration of decision making in the hands of a single management. 19 ► Global Divide UNIT 3 What is global divide? ► The global divide describes global disparities, primarily between developed and developing countries: ► A. Economic ► B. Technology ► C. Governance How did Global Divide develop? ► The “Global divide” is caused by political power, economic dependency, and importation/exportation of resources. ► The transition of industrial production to cheaper labor sources, international media, and expanding international trade and communication have in some ways made the world smaller, yet in other ways made the gaps between nations larger by creating greater dependency of poor nations to wealthy nations. ► Global South Global North Problems in Global South Problems in Global North Covid 19 Pandemic