GAP Topic 9-11 Review Qs - Answer Key Updated PDF

GAP Topic 9, 10, & 11 Review Questions 1. The glenohumeral joint consists of which bones? The head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula 2. Describe the following Ligaments and supportive structures of the GH joint: a. Glenohumeral ligaments: thickening of the anterior portion of the...

GAP Topic 9, 10, & 11 Review Questions 1. The glenohumeral joint consists of which bones? The head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula 2. Describe the following Ligaments and supportive structures of the GH joint: a. Glenohumeral ligaments: thickening of the anterior portion of the fibrous joint capsule to prevent excessive external rotation, formed by three ligaments, superior, middle and inferior b. Transverse humeral ligament: band running from the greater tubercle to the lesser tubercle on the humerus to hold the tendon of the long head of the biceps bracchi muscle in place c. Coracohumeral ligament: broad ligament running from the coracoid process of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus d. Coracoacromial ligament: ligament between the coracoid process and the acromion of the scapula, forming the coracoacromial arch, helps prevent superior displacement of the head of the humerus e. Coracoacromial arch: osseo-ligamentus structure consisting of the coracoid process, the coracoacromial ligament and the acromion that prevents superior dislocation of the humeral head 3. Describe the following bursa of the GHJ: a. Subacromial bursa: communicating bursa between the acromion and the supraspinatus tendon b. Subscapular bursa: communicating bursa between the tendon of subscapularis and the joint capsule 4. Label the following diagram: 5. Humeroulnar articulation consist of which boney landmarks: trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna a. Type of Joint: hinge b. Movements: flexion/extension 6. Humeroradial articulation consists of which boney landmarks: head of the radius and capitulum a. Type of Joint: hinge b. Movements: flexion/extension 7. Proximal Radioulnar articulation consists of which boney landmarks: head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna a. Type of Joint: pivot b. Movements: pronation/supination 8. Describe the following Ligaments and supportive structures of the Elbow joint: a. Radial Collateral Ligament: strong triangular band between the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the annular ligament that supports the elbow joint laterally, intrinsic b. Ulnar Collateral Ligament: attaches to the medial epicondyle of the humerus and to the coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna, supports the elbow joint medially, intrinsic c. Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursa: non-communicating bursa between the skin and olecranon d. Subtendinous Olecranon Bursa: non-communicating bursa between the tendon of triceps brachii and the olecranon 9. Label the following diagram: 10. The Distal Radioulnar articulation consists of which boney landmarks: the head of the ulna and the medial side of the base of the radius (ulnar notch of the radius) a. Type of Joint: pivot b. Movements: pronation/supination 11. The Radiocarpal articulation consists of which boney landmarks: the base of the radius and the triangular fibro-cartilaginous complex (TFCC) with scaphoid/lunate/triquetrum a. Type of Joint: condyloid b. Movements: flexion/extension, radial and ulnar deviation, circumduction 12. The Intercarpal articulation consists of which boney landmarks: between any adjacent carpals a. Type of Joint: planar (gliding) b. Movements: sliding/gliding 13. The Carpometacarpal articulation consists of which boney landmarks: distal carpal bone and their respective metacarpal a. Type of Joint: 1st CMC – trapezium and 1st metacarpal is a saddle joint, CMC 2-5 are planar joints b. Movements: i. saddle at 1st CMC - flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction, opposition and reposition ii. CMC 2-5 planar – sliding/gliding 14. The Metacarpophalangeal articulation consists of which boney landmarks: metacarpal and their respective phalanges a. Type of Joint: 1st MCP – hinge joint, MCP 2-5 condyloid joints b. Movements: i. 1st MCP – hinge joint – flexion/extension ii. MCP 2-5 – condyloid joints - flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction 15. The Interphalangeal articulation consists of which boney landmarks: between phalanxes a. Type of Joint: hinge joints b. Movements: flexion/extension 16. What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint? Ball and socket 17. What covers both the surface of the humeral head, and the glenoid cavity of the scapula? Hyaline Cartilage 18. What is the name of the fibrocartilage rim that surrounds the shallow glenoid cavity? Glenoid Labrum 19. What aspect of the joint capsule is the weakest? Inferior 20. Where is the opening of the capsule found, and why? The opening is between the lesser and greater tubercles to allow for the passage of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle. 21. What is found around the long head of the biceps? A tendon sheath created by the synovial capsule of the GHJ 22. What are the 3 articulations at the elbow? (what type of joint, movement allowed) a. Humeroradial: hinge, flexion/extension b. Humeroulnar: hinge, flexion/extension c. Proximal radioulnar: pivot, pronation/supination 23. What 2 structures strengthen the sides of the joint? Proximal radial collateral ligament and proximal ulnar collateral ligament 24. What holds the head of the radius in place against the ulna? Annular ligament 25. If either the proximal or distal radioulnar joint was immobilized, what movement would be limited or non-existent? pronation/supination 26. Of all the carpometacarpal joints, which is NOT a plane type of synovial joint, what type of joint is it, and what movements does it allow? The saddle joint at the 1st CMC which allows for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction, opposition and reposition. 27. What is unique about the 2nd to 5th metacarpalphalangeal joints? MCPs 2-5 are condyloid joints allowing flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction.