GAP Topic 4 - Introduction to the Axial Skeleton PDF

Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #4 Introduction to the Axial Skeleton TOPIC #4 – BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE AXIAL SKELETON Clinical Orientated Anatomy AXIAL SKELETON • Many muscles of the back and shoulder have an attachment to boney landmarks on the axial skeleton or the pelv...

Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #4 Introduction to the Axial Skeleton TOPIC #4 – BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE AXIAL SKELETON Clinical Orientated Anatomy AXIAL SKELETON • Many muscles of the back and shoulder have an attachment to boney landmarks on the axial skeleton or the pelvis. • These include: o Posterior skull o Vertebrae of the spine o The thoracic cage o The ilium *(Part of the pelvic girdle - Appendicular skeleton) o The sacrum POSTERIOR SKULL – OCCIPITAL BONE ➢ Forms the posterior and most of the base (inferior) part of the cranium. Inion SNL INL ➢ Major Landmark (for now): o Inion (external occipital protuberance) – large, centrally located protuberance. o Superior & inferior nuchal lines – ridges of bone extending laterally away from midline. ▪ SNL – level with inion; INL – located just inferiorly Page 1 of 5 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #4 Introduction to the Axial Skeleton TEMPORAL BONES ➢ Inferolateral portion of the cranium. ➢ Major landmarks (for now): o External auditory meatus (EAM) – canal in ear from outer ear to middle ear. Carries sound waves. o Mastoid process – inferior projection located posterior to the EAM. VERTEBRAL COLUMN ➢ also called the Spine, Spinal Column or Backbone. ➢ it forms the main part of the axial skeleton ➢ there are 5 main divisions of the spine ➢ consists of 33 bones (24 movable segments, 2 fused segments) ➢ the movable segments consist of: o 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar vertebrae ▪ provide some flexibility ➢ the fused segments consist of: o 5 fused vertebrae of the sacrum o 3-5 fused vertebrae of the coccyx TYPICAL VERTBRAE • Two features of a vertebra relevant to the muscles we will begin discussing include the: o spinous process (SP) x1 o transverse process (TVP) x2 Page 2 of 5 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #4 Introduction to the Axial Skeleton THORAX ➢ The thorax is located between the neck and abdomen. ➢ This area includes: o 12 pairs of ribs and cartilages, o the sternum o 12 thoracic vertebrae o primary organs of respiratory and cardiovascular system ➢ The sternum is comprised of 3 parts: o Manubrium o Body o Xiphoid process o The joint between the manubrium and the body is called the manubriosternal joint (a.k.a the sternal angle or Angle of Louis) PELVIS ➢ Part of the trunk that is inferoposterior to the abdomen ➢ Area of transition between the trunk and the lower limbs ➢ Anatomically, the pelvis is the space surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis) Page 3 of 5 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #4 Introduction to the Axial Skeleton BONES OF THE PELVIC GIRDLE • Formed by 3 bones: o o Right and Left hip bones (coxal bones; pelvic bones) ▪ Large, irregularly shaped ▪ Each develops from the fusion of three bones • ILIUM • ISCHIUM • PUBIS Sacrum ▪ Fusion of five sacral vertebrae Page 4 of 5 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #4 Introduction to the Axial Skeleton Page 5 of 5