GAP - Topic 7 - Radius & Ulna - Bones of Upper Limb PDF

Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #7 Bones of the Upper Limb – Radius & Ulna TOPIC #7 – BONES OF THE UPPER LIMB – THE RADIUS & ULNA Clinical Orientated Anatomy Trail Guide FOREARM • • • Consists of the ulna and radius which articulate with each other proximally and distally at...

Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #7 Bones of the Upper Limb – Radius & Ulna TOPIC #7 – BONES OF THE UPPER LIMB – THE RADIUS & ULNA Clinical Orientated Anatomy Trail Guide FOREARM • • • Consists of the ulna and radius which articulate with each other proximally and distally at the radioulnar joints. In anatomical position, the bones remain parallel to each other (but that can change) Between the bones of the forearm, there is a tight connective tissue band that anchors the bones medially. This is called the interosseous membrane Page 1 of 7 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #7 Bones of the Upper Limb – Radius & Ulna ULNA • • The medially located long bone of the forearm Longer than the radius, has a stabilization role BONEY LANDMARKS OF THE ULNA ➢ Landmarks located on the proximal ulna: o o o o o Olecranon: located on the proximal end of the ulna. It is a large, thick, curved boney eminence that projects behind the elbow Coronoid Process: a triangular eminence projecting forward from the anterior, proximal portion Ulnar Tuberosity: a roughened eminence located just distal to the coronoid process Trochlear Notch: large depression, formed by the olecranon and coronoid process. Serves to articulate with the trochlea of the humerus ▪ Forms the humero-ulnar joint of the elbow. ▪ Capable of flexion/extension Radial notch: a small depression of the lateral side of proximal ulna (coronoid process) that is the site of articulation with the radial head ▪ Forms the proximal radio-ulnar joint. ▪ Capable of rotational movements (pronation/supination) ➢ Landmarks located on the distal ulna: o o Head of Ulna (Ulnar Head): the distal end of the ulna Styloid Process: a boney process that projects distally off the ulnar head Page 2 of 7 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #7 Bones of the Upper Limb – Radius & Ulna RADIUS • • The laterally located long bone of the forearm. More mobile and shorter than the ulna BONEY LANDMARKS OF THE RADIUS ➢ Landmarks located on the proximal radius: o o o Radial Head: cylindrical in shape, it is the proximal end of the radius. ▪ It articulates with the: capitulum of the humerus (humeroradial joint) to perform flexion/extension ▪ It also articulates with the notch of the ulna (proximal radioulnar joint) to perform rotation (pronation/supination). Radial Neck: found immediately distal to the radial head Radial Tuberosity: a boney eminence located just distal to the radial head on the medial surface of the shaft ➢ Landmarks of the distal radius: o o o Radial Styloid: a boney process that projects distally off the distal end of the lateral radius Lister’s Tubercle (aka. Dorsal tubercle): raised ridge of bone located on the posterior surface of the distal radius Base of Radius: entire distal portion of the radius Page 3 of 7 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #7 Bones of the Upper Limb – Radius & Ulna PALPATIONS • The structures to be palpated in this lecture include: o Ulna ▪ Olecranon ▪ Shaft of Ulna ▪ Head of Ulna ▪ Styloid process ▪ Coronoid Process/Ulnar tuberosity o Radius ▪ Head of the Radius ▪ Radial tuberosity ▪ Shaft of the Radius ▪ Lister’s tubercle ▪ Styloid process PALPATION OF ULNA PATIENT POSITION NEUTRAL LANDMARK TRAIL OLECRANON PROCESS • Seated elbow bent to 90° • Medial epicondyle of the humerus • With the elbow flexed to 90 degrees move posteriorly and laterally to explore the large superficial pointy part of the elbow DESCRIPTION FUNCTION • Triceps attachment • Anconeus attachment • Etc. PATIENT POSITION • Seated NEUTRAL LANDMARK • Medial epicondyle of the humerus TRAIL • With the elbow flexed to 90 degrees slide posterior and lateral to the olecranon process Slide fingers distally along shaft and follow it down length of forearm SHAFT OF THE ULNA DESCRIPTION FUNCTION • Articulates with radius to form a syndesmotic jt. • Etc. Page 4 of 7 PATIENT POSITION Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #7 Bones of the Upper Limb – Radius & Ulna • Seated, forearm pronated NEUTRAL LANDMARK • Base of the radius TRAIL • With the forearm pronated move medially from the base of the radius to palpate for the ulnar head, it is a round superficial protuberance on the distal ulna. HEAD OF THE ULNA DESCRIPTION STYLOID PROCESS OF THE ULNA FUNCTION • Articulates with the base of the radius to form the distal radioulnar joint • Etc. PATIENT POSITION • Seated NEUTRAL LANDMARK • Head of the ulna TRAIL • From the head of the ulna move distally and slightly medially to the terminal point of the distal ulna, push into hollow and proximally to feel the styloid process DESCRIPTION FUNCTION • Acts as an anatomical block during ulnar dev • Attachment for the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist • Etc. PATIENT POSITION • Seated NEUTRAL LANDMARK • Medial epicondyle TRAIL • From the medial epicondyle move laterally and slightly distally staying just below the crease of the elbow. Make sure to stay medial to the biceps tendon. Passively flex the elbow to soften tissue then apply pressure towards the ulna. The coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity will be under your contact CORONOID PROCESS/ ULNAR TUBEROSITY DESCRIPTION FUNCTION • Attachment for brachialis • Etc. Page 5 of 7 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #7 Bones of the Upper Limb – Radius & Ulna PALPATION OF THE RADIUS PATIENT POSITION NEUTRAL LANDMARK TRAIL HEAD OF THE RADIUS • Seated • Lateral epicondyle • Bend elbow to 90 degrees. Slide distally off lateral epicondyle (horizontally), across small ditch between humerus and radius onto head of radius. Push tissue medially to gain depth. • Slowly pronate/supinate forearm with other hand to feel the spin of the radial head. DESCRIPTION FUNCTION • Attachment for the annular ligament • Articulates with the humerus to for the humeroradial joint • Articulates with the ulna to form the proximal radioulnar joint • Etc. PATIENT POSITION NEUTRAL LANDMARK TRAIL • Seated • Radial Head • From the radial head move medial onto the anterior surface of the radius then distally approximately an inch. • Once in the location use pronation and supination to confirm your location, you should feel the radial tuberosity moving under your contact RADIAL TUBEROSITY DESCRIPTION FUNCTION • Attachment for biceps brachii • Etc. Page 6 of 7 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #7 Bones of the Upper Limb – Radius & Ulna PATIENT POSITION NEUTRAL LANDMARK TRAIL SHAFT OF THE RADIUS LISTERS TUBERCLE (DORSAL TUBERCLE) STYLOID PROCESS OF THE RADIUS • Seated • Styloid process of the radius • Move proximally along the shaft of the bone. • Note how the radius will become deep to muscular tissue 2/3’s proximally DESCRIPTION FUNCTION • Articulates with ulna to form a syndesmotic jt • Etc. PATIENT POSITION NEUTRAL LANDMARK TRAIL • Seated, forearm pronated • Head of the ulna • Move laterally onto the middle of the base of the radius (dorsal side) feel for listers tubercle DESCRIPTION FUNCTION • Acts as an anatomical pulley for extensor pollicis longus PATIENT POSITION NEUTRAL LANDMARK TRAIL • Seated • Listers tubercle • Palpate laterally on to the lateral surface of the radius then move distally to the terminal point of the radius. This is the tip of the styloid process DESCRIPTION FUNCTION • Acts as an anatomical block during radial dev • Attachment for the radial collateral ligament of the wrist • Etc. Page 7 of 7