Gender and Development (GAD) Review Material PDF

Gender and Development (GAD) Review Material ARNOLD M. FEROLINO,LPT, MASc. GAD Technical Specialist, Western Mindanao State University Certified National Gender Resource Pool Member...

Gender and Development (GAD) Review Material ARNOLD M. FEROLINO,LPT, MASc. GAD Technical Specialist, Western Mindanao State University Certified National Gender Resource Pool Member, Philippine Commission on Women As Enhanced from the Presentation of National GAD Resource Program Prof. Rosalyn Romo Echem Philippine Commission on Women Certified National Gender Resource Pool Member, PCW  GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT HISTORICAL TIMELINE National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  80’s – 90’s 70’s – 80’s 90’s to present National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  GAD LEGAL MANDATES National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  INTERNATIONAL National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  International Policy Guidelines Beijing Platform Convention on the Sustainable for Action Elimination of All Development Forms of Goals (1995, Beijing Discrimination Against women ( Global Goals China) set by UNGA in National GAD Resource Program (1981, UNGA) 2015) Philippine Commission on Women  BEIJING PLATFORM FOR ACTION (1995) The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, or BPfA is a landmark document for advancing women’s rights and gender equality worldwide, agreed upon during the 4th World Conference on women in 1995. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  BEIJING PLATFORM FOR ACTION (1995) 12 areas of concern: (1) women and poverty; (2) education and training of women; (3) women and health; (4) violence against women; (5) women and armed conflict; (6) women and the economy; (7) women in power and decision-making; (8) institutional mechanisms; (9) human rights of women; (10) women and media; (11) women and the environment; (12) the girl child. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) is an international legal instrument that requires countries to eliminate discrimination against women and girls in all areas and promotes women's and girls' equal rights. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Sustainable Development Goals The Sustainable Development Goals are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and improve the lives and prospects of everyone, everywhere. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  LOCAL National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Policy guidelines *RA 9710- The Magna Carta of Women of 2009 *Philippine Plan for Gender Responsive Development 1995-2025 *The General Appropriations Act of 1995 *Ambisyon Natin 2040 National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  RA 9710 – Magna Carta of Women - a comprehensive women's human rights law that seeks to eliminate discrimination against women by recognizing, protecting, fulfilling and promoting the rights of Filipino women, especially those in marginalized sector. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  RA 9710 – Magna Carta of Women “GAD programs addressing gender issues and concerns shall be designed and implemented based on the mandate of NGAs and LGUs” (Sec 36.a) National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development (PPGD) 1995-2025 The Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development (PPGD) rests on a vision of development that is equitable, sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self-determination and the actualization of human potentials, and participatory and empowering. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  General Appropriations Act (GAA) in 1995 The Gender and Development (GAD) budget policy was introduced through the General Appropriations Act (GAA) in 1995 as “The Women’s Budget”. This policy directs all government departments and agencies to allocate a minimum of five percent (5%) of their total annual budgets for gender programs, projects and activities. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  AMBISYON NATIN 2040 AmBisyon Natin 2040 represents the collective long-term vision and aspirations of the Filipino people for themselves and for the country in the next 25 years. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Other Laws on GAD –RA 7877, Anti-Sexual Harassment Act, which declares sexual harassment unlawful in the employment, education and training environment National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  RA 9262 Anti- Violence Against Women and their Children Act of 2004 National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  RA 7192, the Women in Development and Nation Building Act which promotes the integration of women as full and equal partners of men in development and nation building National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Yogyakarta Principle – the Application of International Human Rights Law In Relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity – Rights to universal enjoyment of human rights, non- discrimination and recognition before the law: All people have a right to recognition as a person before the law, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  GAD BASIC CONCEPTS National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Sex and Gender National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  What is Sex the anatomical, physical, and genetic characteristics associated with being male or female It is constant across time and across culture Female Male National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Sex Roles Male Female Ovum Fertilization Gestation Sperm determines sex of Child bearing the child Menstruation National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  What is gender? The roles, attitudes, and values assigned by culture and society to men and women Changes across time and across cultures National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Gender Roles Gender role – roles assigned to men and women based on their gender – refers to activities which are considered appropriate and acceptable for boys or girls; men or women. – part of gender norms; it is society’s evaluation of behavior as masculine or feminine National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Differentiating sex and gender SEX GENDER Biological Fact Socially and culturally constructed Natural attribute that a Created, produced, person is born with reproduced and maintained by social institutions Natural. Born. (Fixed) Acquired/learned. Can be unlearned. Sex characteristics are Gender characteristics are universal not universal. It may differ National GAD Resource Program from society to society. Philippine Commission on Women  Differentiating sex and gender SEX GENDER Sex characteristics are Gender characteristics are equally valued and equally marked by inequality important Uses terms like male and Uses terms like masculine female and feminine Fixed Sex roles can be Interchangeable. Gender performed by only the male roles can be performed by or the female both sexes National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  How did we acquire Gender Role? National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Who influences Gender Role Socialization? National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Governme Family nt Social Workplace Institutions Churc h Schoo Media National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women l National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  1 National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  4.1. FUNCTIONS OF FAMILY A. Reproduction B. Socialization C. Cultural Transmission D. Affection National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  4.1.a. ACCORDING TO STRUCTURE A. NUCLEAR B. EXTENDED National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  4.1.B. ACCORDING TO LOCAL A. PATRILOCAL B. MATRILOCAL National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women C. NEOLOCAL  4.1.C. ACCORDING TO AUTHORITY A. PATRIARCHAL B. MATRIARCHAL National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women C. EQUILITARIAN  4.1.D. ACCORDING TO LINE OF DESCENT A. PATRILINEAL B. MATRILINEAL National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women BILINEAL C.  2 *impacts government, family, media National GAD Resource Program and work Philippine Commission on Women  FUNCTIONS OF THE SCHOOL A. Intellectual Function (Knowledge) B. Social Function (Socialization) C. Economic Function (Work) D. Political Function (Patriotism) National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  4.5. RELIGION A. Church (Largest Organ) B.Sect (Inclusive) C.Cult (Exclusive) National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  DEFINITION OF CULTURE Attitudes Behaviors Customs (Way of life) National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Characteristics of Culture a. Learned b. Shared c. Cumulative d. Dynamic e. Diverse f. Ideational National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  HOW IS CULTURE TRANSMITTED? A. ENCULTURATION B. ACCULTURATION C. ASSIMILATION National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Components of Culture a. Communication (Language) b. Cognitive c. Behavior d. Materials National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Components of Culture - Communication Sender-Receiver Model National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Components of Culture - Behavior a. Mores (Moral) b. Laws c. Folkways d. Rituals (Ceremonies) National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Components of Culture - Cognitive a. Knowledge b. Ideas c. Values National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Components of Culture - Materials - Ornaments etc. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  SOGIESC National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  SEXUAL ORIENTATION each person’s capacity for profound emotional, affectional, and sexual attraction to, and intimate and sexual relations with. Answers: “To whom am I attracted? Who do I love?” National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  GENDER IDENTITY refers to each person’s deeply felt internal and individual experience of gender, which may or may not correspond with the sex assigned at birth Answers : “Who am I?” National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  GENDER EXPRESSION the way in which a person expresses gender identity, typically through their appearance, dress, and behavior. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  SEX CHARACTERISTICS Physical traits that indicate biological sex such as chromosomes, genitalia, gonads, hormones, and reproductive organs. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Gender Issues National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  What are gender issues? These are gender-linked beliefs (ideas, attitudes and behavior), systems, processes, conditions and situations that BLOCK an individual's (man or woman) attainment of full potentials (or a satisfying life) National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  What are the gender issues? 1. Gender-linked “labeling” (Stereotyping) 2. Multiple Burden 3. Canalization 4. Discrimination, Marginalization and Subordination 5. Abuse and gender-based Violence National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women What are gender-linked “labels” (stereotypes)? Automatic labels, characteristics or roles given to men and women are dictated by culture and society National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women What is multiple burden? Assumption and performance of several tasks or responsibilities National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  multiple burden describes the complex role women take: as caregiver, guidance counselor, mother, housekeeper, budget officer, tutor, cook, etc. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Reproductive work is a form of labor, usually done by women and usually done at home, that is necessary for formal labor to thrive. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Productive Work is wage labor, measured by economic indicators and culturally regarded as “real work” National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  What is canalization? Putting men or women in a “box,” thereby preventing them from achieving their full potentials Removing men or women from the mainstream of society National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  What is discrimination? Preventing or blocking a person from going up the ladder on the basis of his/her sex and sexual orientation National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Gender Equality vs Gender Equity National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Gender Equality The state or condition that affords women and men equal enjoyment of human rights, socially valued goods, opportunities and resources, allowing both sexes the same opportunities and potential to contribute to, and benefit from, all spheres of society (economic, political, social, and cultural). National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Gender Equity Justice and fairness in the treatment of women and men in order to eventually achieve gender equality, often requesting differential treatment of women and men (or specific measures) in order to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from sharing a level playing field. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  What is abuse and gender-based violence? Inflicting pain/injury in a person (on the bases of one’s sex, class, race, etc.) National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  It could be hidden (domestic violence/ spousal abuse) and/or open and accepted as unavoidable ⮚ Physical (battering) ⮚ Emotional/Psychological (threatening) ⮚ Verbal (insulting) ⮚ Financial (economic exploitation) ⮚ Sexual (rape, incest, perversions) ⮚ Forced prostitution National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  sexism is putting a woman at a disadvantage just because she is a woman. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women  Gender Blind - Ignoring or failing to address the gender dimension. National GAD Resource Program Philippine Commission on Women