Gender and Development (GAD) Course Module PDF

A COURSE MODULE FOR NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM I (NSTP I) RAPHAEL M. FERRER ATTY. ERIC PAUL D. PERALTA HERALD IAN C. GUIWA EUGENE RAYMOND P. CRUDO  COPYRIGHT This is an exclusive and copyrighted property of REX Book Store, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this m...

A COURSE MODULE FOR NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM I (NSTP I) RAPHAEL M. FERRER ATTY. ERIC PAUL D. PERALTA HERALD IAN C. GUIWA EUGENE RAYMOND P. CRUDO  COPYRIGHT This is an exclusive and copyrighted property of REX Book Store, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this material shall be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written consent of REX Book Store, Inc. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD)  LESSON 10: Gender and Development (GAD) WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Lesson Objectives At the end of the lesson, students are expected to: 1. discuss the concepts of gender and development; 2. explain the various principles relating to the study of gender and development; WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) 3. discuss the current gender situation in the Philippines; and 4. enumerate and explain the salient points of some laws in the Philippines that uphold gender rights. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Lesson Key Concepts and Examples WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Lesson 10.1: GAD-Related Definitions and Concepts Sex Roles vs. Gender Roles ∙ Sex roles are those roles that are based on the biological characteristics of a person; they are universal, permanent, and unchanging. ∙ Gender roles are those roles that are learned by a person as appropriate to their gender and are determined by cultural norms. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Gender Socialization Gender socialization refers to the process by which an individual, starting from childhood development, continuously learns about the attitudes and actions expected by the society in relation to the gender of a person. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Gender Bias As a social construct, gender unpins the concepts of bias and inequality across all genders, typically against women. Manifestations of gender bias include marginalization, subordination, stereotyping, multiple burdens, and gender-based violence. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Concepts Related to Gender Bias 1. Stereotyping – prejudiced beliefs or opinions regarding the characteristics of males and females 2. Marginalization – denying someone’s voice and access to basic services by virtue of one’s gender 3. Subordination – bestowing less control or power on someone considered to be of “inferior” sex WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Concepts Related to Gender Bias 4. Multiple Burden – the notion that women are expected to work longer than men as they are expected to play various roles at home, at work, and in the community 5. Gender-Based Violence (Violence against Women) – usually associated with violence against women, as it involves the abuse of power arising from unequal power relationships based on socially ascribed gender differences WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Gender Equality Gender equality is defined as a state characterized by granting an individual the opportunity to equally take part in all the domains of life (economic, social, and political) no matter what sex or gender he or she may have. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Lesson 10.2: Philippine Gender Situation and Laws Upholding Gender Rights Global Gender Gap Index Gender gap is defined as the distance between males and females in relation to their access to social, political, cultural, and economic lives (Hausmann, Tyson, & Zahidi, 2012). The 2020 Global Gap Index depicts that the Philippines is one of the top countries in the world that is able to narrow the gender gap, as it ranked 16th WWW.REX.COM.PH out10:ofGENDER LESSON 153AND countries. DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Global Gender Gap Index In the East Asia region, the Philippines ranks 2nd when contrasted with other Asian countries in terms of the gender gap index. The country has yielded high scores on the four parameters of global gender gap: economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, health and survival, and political empowerment. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policy Imperatives on GAD International Policies 1. UN Convention on Elimination and Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) – This is frequently referred to as a global charter of rights for women. It establishes an agenda for national action to end such prejudice against women while defining what constitutes such behavior. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policy Imperatives on GAD 2. Beijing Platform for Action – On September 15, 1995, the UN passed a resolution known as the Beijing Declaration at the conclusion of the Fourth World Conference on Women. The resolution was passed to establish a set of guidelines for gender equality. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policy Imperatives on GAD 3. Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals – Also known as the Global Goals, these are a set of 17 interconnected international objectives that are intended to serve as a common blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policy Imperatives on GAD National Policies 1. The 1987 Philippine Constitution – This is the Republic of the Philippines' constitution, which is also its highest legislation. On October 12, 1986, the Constitutional Commission completed the final text, and on February 2, 1987, a countrywide referendum approved it. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policy Imperatives on GAD 2. RA 9710: Magna Carta of Women – The Magna Carta of Women is a thorough human rights law for women that aims to end discrimination against them by recognizing, upholding, and advancing their rights, particularly those of underprivileged Filipino women. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policy Imperatives on GAD 3. RA 7192: Women in Nation-Building Act – The Act's goal is to support the participation of women as full, equal partners with men in economic growth and national development. 4. Joint Memorandum Circulars 2012-1, 2013- 01, and 2016-01 – These guide the distribution of the Gender and Development budget. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) GAD-Related Plans 1. Philippine Plan for Gender Responsive Development (1995-2025) – This is a national plan that addresses, offers, and seeks complete equality for female and male development. 2. Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment (GEWE) Plan (2019-2025) – The government will use this as a guide and primary resource for creating Gender and Development (GAD) plans and budgets. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) GAD-Related Plans 3. Philippine Development Plan (2017-2022) – This shall offer a guide for achieving inclusive and sustained progress for all Filipinos. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policies on Gender-Based Violence/Violence against Women Republic Acts 1. RA 9262: Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act (VAWC) – prescribes penalties for violence against women and children, provides protective measures for victims and other purposes related to VAWC 2. RA 7877: Anti-Sexual Harassment Act – a law making sexual harassment illegal in settings of employment, education, or training WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policies on Gender-Based Violence/Violence against Women 3. RA 11313: Safe Spaces Act – a law defining gender-based sexual harassment in public places, online, at work, and in educational or training facilities 4. RA 8353: Anti-Rape Law – According to this law, anyone can be a victim of rape, including prostituted individuals, nonvirgins, and those with active sexual lives. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policies on Gender-Based Violence/Violence against Women 5. RA 8505: Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act – This law guides the establishment of rape crisis centers in every province and city, authorizing the appropriation of necessary funds and other requirements to provide assistance and protection for victims of rape. 6. RA 10364: Expanded Anti-Trafficking Law – establishes the essential institutional arrangements for the defense and assistance of trafficked individuals by formulating sanctions for violations. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policies on Gender-Based Violence/Violence against Women 7. RA 9775: Anti-Child Pornography Law – The purpose of this law is to define the crime of child pornography and prescribe penalties. 8. RA 7610: Anti-Child Abuse Law – institutes greater defenses and security against child abuse, exploitation, and discrimination WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Revised Penal Code Crimes 1. Acts of Lasciviousness – the act of making physical contact with another person's body to satisfy one's sexual needs even without intending to engage in sexual activity 2. Seduction (Simple and Qualified) – persuading another to engage in prohibited sexual activity by using promises, flattery, bribery, or other means without employing physical force or violence WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Revised Penal Code Crimes 3. Concubinage – any male spouse who maintains a mistress in the marital residence, engages in scandalous sexual activity with a woman who is not his wife, or cohabits with her in another location 4. Unjust Vexation – any nonviolent human action that unjustly irritates a person who is innocent WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policies Promoting and Protecting the Rights and Privileges of Women 1. RA 9710: Magna Carta of Women 2. RA 11210: Expanded Maternity Leave Law – increases the maternity leave period for female employees to 105 days, with the option of extending for an additional 30 days without pay. It grants an additional 15 days for solo mothers as well. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policies Promoting and Protecting the Rights and Privileges of Women 3. RA 6725: Prohibition on Discrimination against Women – strengthens the restriction on discrimination against women in relation to employment 4. RA 7882: Provision of Assistance to Women Engaging in Micro and Cottage Business Enterprises – gives assistance to women in the micro and cottage business 5. RA 6949: National Women’s Day – designates March 8 as the National Women’s WWW.REX.COM.PH Day and a working LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policies Promoting and Protecting the Rights of the LGBTQI+ Community International Policies 1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights – an international charter that protects the freedoms and rights of all people and was approved by the United Nations WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policies Promoting and Protecting the Rights of the LGBTQI+ Community 2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) – This multilateral agreement binds the states parties to uphold the civil and political rights of all citizens, including the right to life, freedom of religion or belief, freedom of expression, freedom of association, the right to vote, and the right to a fair trial and due process. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policies Promoting and Protecting the Rights of the LGBTQI+ Community 3. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) – It binds the UN member nations to work for the granting of economic, social, and cultural rights (ESCR) to the non-self-governing and trust territories and to people, including labor rights and the right to health, to education, and to a livable wage. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policies Promoting and Protecting the Rights of the LGBTQI+ Community National Policies 1. The 1987 Philippine Constitution 2. RA 9710: Magna Carta of Women 3. RA 10627: Anti-Bullying Act – This law establishes the adoption of policies and programs against bullying in primary and secondary schools. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Policies Promoting and Protecting the Rights of the LGBTQI+ Community 4. RA 11166: Philippine HIV and AIDS Act – This law helped enhance the Philippines’ wholistic policy on HIV and AIDS prevention, treatment, care, and support, reconstituted the Philippine National Aids Council (PNAC), and repealed RA 8504 or the "Philippine Aids Prevention and Control Act of 1998." WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Lesson Activities and/or Practice Exercises WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD)  Perform the following: 1. Individually, create a simple mind map connecting all the concepts you have learned in this lesson so far, with gender equality as its highlight. 2. If time permits it, each one will be given a chance to briefly explain his/her output in class. 3. Finally, submit your output to your teacher or to the faculty-in-charge. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD)  Concluding Slides WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD)  ∙ Sex – the biological aspects related to reproduction ∙ Gender – socially constructed roles and behaviors related to masculinity and femininity ∙ Sex roles – a person’s functions based on biological characteristics ∙ Gender roles – roles learned by a person related to his or her gender WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD)  ∙ Gender socialization – how people learn norms, traditions, and behaviors associated with a person’s sex ∙ Gender equality – equal participation of women and men in different life domains WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD)  Gender gap – refers to the difference in the social, political, and economic access between men and women Philippine policies related to gender and development: (1) policy imperatives on gender and development (2) policies on gender-based violence/violence against women or girls (3) policies promoting and protecting the rights of the LGBTQI+ community WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) Reference Ferrer, Raphael M., Peralta, Eric Paul D., Guiwa, Herald Ian C., and Crudo, Eugene Raymond P. A Course Module for National Service Training Program I (NSTP I). Metro Manila, Philippines: REX Book Store, Inc., 2023. WWW.REX.COM.PH LESSON 10: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD)