G1-CW-3 University of Southern Mindanao PDF

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO a. Effects of Globalization b. Institutions Governing c. Internationalism vs. on Government International Relations Globalism GROUP 1: ADLAON, ANDAN, VALENZUELA, SAMILLANO, VELARDE, JURANES, DEIPARINE, DAQUIADO  Intende...

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO a. Effects of Globalization b. Institutions Governing c. Internationalism vs. on Government International Relations Globalism GROUP 1: ADLAON, ANDAN, VALENZUELA, SAMILLANO, VELARDE, JURANES, DEIPARINE, DAQUIADO  Intended Learning Outcomes 1. Explain the effects of globalizations on governments 2. Identify the institutions that By the of this governs international relations topic/chapter, 3. Describe the nation-state you must be able to: 2 Insert Running Title Global Interstate System Insert Running Title 3 Global Interstate System The origin of the modern nation state is traced to the Treaty of Westphalia which led to the notion that nation- states are autonomous. Later developments led to the fusion of the cultural concept of a nation and the structure of the state; to the idea of the nation-state. With globalization, the nation-state faces innumerable challenges, leading to a significant loss of control over economic flows and transnational organizations. Insert Running Title 4 Global Interstate System A debate has emerged over whether the" nation-state is dead. " Although the role of the nation-state has declined, it is still an important political structure. However, in the global age, the “porosity” of the nation-state, the increasing global flows through it, should be a focal concern. Benedict Anderson's “imagined community" is an important idea in thinking about the nation-state. As a result of the development of “print capitalism, " it came to be conceived of as being actively constructed, socially and politically, by people who identify with the community that is represented by the nation - state. Insert Running Title 5 Global Interstate System This concept is extended further by examining how the nation-state transcends its geographic boundaries in the face of rapidly developing technology and increasing immigration flows. Emphasis is placed on the “re- imagining” of the nation-state in the light of such global flows. Insert Running Title 6 ATTRIBUTES of Global System countries or states these countries are independent interact with each and govern other through themselves; diplomacy; international international organizations also organizations take on lives of facilitate these their own. interactions (i.e. UN); Insert Running Title 7  Nation-state－ relatively modern phenomenon in human history whereby it is composed of two non-interchangeable terms: nation and state. Insert Running Title 8  Nation according to Benedict Anderson, is an “imagined community” and does not go beyond a given “official boundary”. It is inherently limited and sovereign. It has boundaries, meaning not anyone can be a Filipino - this refers to large group of people who share common characteristics such as languages, traditions, and ethnicity. Insert Running Title 9  State refers to a country and its government where a community of persons more or less numerous occupying a definite territory completely free of external control and possessing an organized government to which great body of inhabitants render habitual obedience. Insert Running Title 10  INTERSTATE SYSTEM It is a system of competing and allying states. Wherein, Treaty of Westphalia is a set of agreements signed in 1648 to end the Thirty Years' War between the major continental powers of Europe. It was design to avert wars in the future recognition that the treaty signers exercise complete control over their domestic affairs and swear not to meddle in each other’s affairs and provide stability for the nations of Europe. Insert Running Title 11  PRINCIPLES of interstate system: Nationalism -a doctrine and/or a political movement that seeks to make the nation the basis of a political structure especially a state. It is a sense of national consciousness that generally exalts one's own nation above others, and focuses on the promotion of interests. Internationalism- desire for greater cooperation and unity among states and people. In a more comprehensive definition, it is a political principle that places the interests of the entire world above those of individual nations and argues for cooperation among nations for common good. This can be divided into two broad categories: liberal internationalism and socialist internationalism. Insert Running Title 12 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO RUBY ANN P. DAQUIADO -Nation-states, the primary actors in this system, engage in diplomatic relations partly in the context of regional and global intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). Nation-states and IGOs, consult with and are lobbied by transnational corporations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). -NGOs in particular have distinct interactions with IGOS such as the United Nations, where they both play both an advisory role and take on activities such as relief, environmental protection, and protection of human rights. Insert Running Title 14 -Nation-states engage in international relations to establish trade, maintain boundaries, enforce rules, settle disputes, manage migration, etc. Most of these tasks were historically accomplished through negotiations among representatives of two or more states. -During the last two centuries, however, nation-states have formed large intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) that are now responsible for many of these tasks. To maintain the sovereignty of nation-states, IGOs operate on principles inter-governmentalism, requiring unanimity among their members before agreements can be finalized. Insert Running Title 15 -Some IGOs do however incorporate elements of supranationalism, in which majority rule may force member- states to implement IGO decisions or leave the organization. IGOs may be regional (e.g. the EU) or global (e.g. the WTO). - As the number of IGOs has grown and their membership has expanded to include many new nation-states, the structure and organizational characteristics of nation-states have become more similar. This growing isomorphism implies that a normative process, affecting new nation-states, is occurring on a global scale. Insert Running Title 16 -Arguably the power of the nation-state is waning. While still the major actors in international relations and sovereign within their own territories, countries are increasingly divesting themselves of responsibility for their citizens' welfare. - Transnational corporations are taking on former state responsibilities through privatization and corporatization, profiting from providing public goods like water, health care, agricultural products, and education. At the same time, the dominant corporations in the global economy are using their wealth to gain power by influencing political and social institutions. Insert Running Title 17 - NGOs, in both the role of international monitors and providers of relief services, have likewise taken over former state responsibilities, and some claim that IGOs aspire to become supranational regional or global governments with authority over states in federalist political system. Insert Running Title 18  B. Institutions Governing International Relations International Institutions form a vital part of contemporary international relations. They are the central focus of policy making efforts around the world these are organizations with international membership, scope or presence. As mentioned in the other chapter we have the international non-governmental organization (INGO) and intergovernmental organizations(IGO) Insert Running Title 19  C. Internationalism vs. Globalism The decisions of other nations to cooperate with one another in political economic and cultural aspects for the promotion of the common good and welfare of the people known as the principle of Internationalism whereas Globalism is an ideology based on the belief that people, goods and information ought to be able to cross national borders unfettered. It is the attitude of putting the interests of the entire world above the interest of individual nations. Insert Running Title 20  UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO a. Roles and Functions of the United b. Challenges of Global Governance in Nations. the 21st Century. GROUP 1: ADLAON, ANDAN, VALENZUELA, SAMILLANO, VELARDE, JURANES, DEIPARINE, DAQUIADO  Intended Learning Outcomes 1. Identify the roles; 2. Identify the challenges of global governance; By the of this 3. Explain the effects of global topic/chapter, governance to nation state. you must be able to: 22 Insert Running Title  CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL GOVERNANCE Governance defined as establishment of policies and continuous monitoring of their implementation by members of the governing body. Global Governance - collection of governance related activities rules and mechanism, formal and informal, existing at a variety of levels in the world todays (Kams and Mingst).  CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL GOVERNANCE An effective global governance will allow us to end armed conflict which deal with new and emerging problems such as technological risks and automation, and to achieve levels of prosperity and progress (Bailey, 2018).  A. ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS -United Nations is an intergovernmental organization that promotes international cooperation and creates and maintains international order. It replaces the ineffective League of Nations and was established after World War I I on October 24, 1945 to prevent another global conflict.  A. ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS In this context, the United Nations emerges as an actor with distinct advantages, including the equal representation of its 192 Member States under the UN Charter. Even so, the global landscape requires further improvement in the General Assembly in four key areas.  The United Nations is an international organization of countries It was created for many reasons: Identify the Countries Countries Human rights should be challenges of should be should help respected global friendly to each each other everywhere in the governance other solve problems world The main organs of the UN are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN Secretariat. All were established in 1945 when the UN was founded.  MAIN ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS The UN has six main organs: 1 2 3 4 The The The General The Security Secretariat Trusteeship Assembly Council Council 5 6 The Economic International and Social Court of Council Justice ACHIEVEMENTS of The United Nations The UN has helped many countries become democratic and peaceful states. The UN plays an important role in protecting our environment. The Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 was a big conference about climate control other problems of our environment. The International Atomic Energy Agency is a UN organization that controls the nuclear weapons of countries and sees to it that they don't build an atomic bomb. Since 1950, the UN has given help to over 50 million refugees These people had to leave their countries because of war, hunger or diseases. Insert Running Title 30 ACHIEVEMENTS of The United Nations Africa is the poorest continent in our world. The UN has given African countries money and other kinds of help so that they can feed people and give them work to do. It helps give developing countries safe and clean water. It fights drug abuse and improves the lives of children who live in poverty It helps people learn how to read and write. It helps farmers in poor countries where it is too hot or too dry. Insert Running Title 31  B. Challenges of Global Governance in the 21st Century Weis (2015) identified five global governance gaps knowledge, normative, policy, institutional and compliance. The UN's relationship to these gaps is explored through case studies of some of the most problems of this time including terrorism, nuclear proliferation, humanitarian crises, development aid, climate change human rights and other borderless diseases (Flu virus). Insert Running Title 32  B. Challenges of Global Governance in the 21st Century Since knowledge is a valuable core asset which is both intangible and concrete, a general and specific source. It is a knowledge that makes cooperation among member states System organizations ahould not focus on explicit and quantifiable knowledge only. Other challenge is the normative role of the UN which has been fundamental since the creation of the organization. Member- states are committed to review and reform their norms and standards. There should be a balance of norm setting and norm implementation.. Once norm is being identified norm could be set to address issues. Insert Running Title 33  B. Challenges of Global Governance in the 21st Century Thus Global governance must be challenge to comply the gaps to implement policies effectively or enforce penalties to those who violated it Such violation could be a great threat to one state to another which will pose a danger to the peace and security. Berucci 2001, To ensure that globalization benefits are enjoyed equally by both developed and developing countries good governance is a must. Insert Running Title 34 THANK YOU! Insert Running Title 35