Full sst half yearly exam part class 10.pdf

Why did Frederic Sorrieu present Utopian vision in his prints in 1848? Explain one reason. (2019)  Utopian refers to a vision of society that is so ideal that is unlikely to exist. Frederic Sorrieu presented Utopian vision in his prints in 1848 because of his dream of a world made up...

Why did Frederic Sorrieu present Utopian vision in his prints in 1848? Explain one reason. (2019)  Utopian refers to a vision of society that is so ideal that is unlikely to exist. Frederic Sorrieu presented Utopian vision in his prints in 1848 because of his dream of a world made up of ‘democratic & social republic’. He prepared a series of four prints visualising his dream. The first print depicts the people of Europe & America marching in a long train & offered homage to the the Statue of Liberty. The torch of Enlightenment was carried by a female figure in one hand and the Charter of the Rights of Man in the other. Sorrieu’s vision of society which is so idealistic that it is unlikely to exist is called: A. Democratic B. Conservative C. Absolutist D. Utopian Sorrieu’s vision of society which is so idealistic that it is unlikely to exist is called: A. Democratic B. Conservative C. Absolutist D. Utopian “The first clear expression of nationalism came with the ‘French Revolution’ in 1789.” Examine the statement. (2020) The first clear expression of nationalism came up with the French Revolution 1789. When the revolutionaries came to power in France their sole motive was to instill the idea of nationalism among the French population. They took many important steps to create a sense of collective identity which were: The idea of la patrie (the fatherland), and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasised the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution. A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard. Estates General was elected and renamed as National Assembly. New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated,all in the name of the nation. Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common language of the nation. “Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France but in the administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles in order to make the whole system more rational and efficient.” Analyse the statement with arguments. (2016, 12) Napoleon had brought revolutionary changes in the administrative field in order to make the whole system rational and efficient. The Civil Code of 1804 is usually known as the Napoleonic Code. The first major change was doing away with all privileges based on birth, establishing equality before law and securing the right to property. Administrative divisions were simplified. Feudal system was abolished and peasants were freed from serfdom and manorial dues (abuse of manorial lords). In towns, guild restrictions were removed. Transport and communication systems were improved. Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen enjoyed a new found freedom.  When was Treaty of Vienna signed? A. 1815 B. 1816 C. 1817 D. 1819  When was Treaty of Vienna signed? A. 1815 B. 1816 C. 1817 D. 1819 “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold”. Who among the following said this popular line? A. Guiseppe Mazzini B. Metternich C. Otto Von Bismarck D. Giuseppe Garibaldi “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold”. Who among the following said this popular line? A. Guiseppe Mazzini B. Metternich C. Otto Von Bismarck D. Giuseppe Garibaldi Who hosted the Vienna Congress in 1815? Analyse the main changes brought by the Vienna Treaty. (2017) Chancellor Duke Metternich hosted Vienna Congress in 1815. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power and France lost the territories it had annexed. A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent the French expansion in future. The kingdom of the Netherlands, which included Belgium, was set up in the North and Genoa was added to Piedmont in the South. Prussia was given important new territories on its Western frontiers. Austria was given control of Northern Italy. The German confederation of 39 states that had been set up by Napoleon was left untouched. Which of the following country is considered as the ‘Cradle of European Civilisation’? A. England B. Greece C. Russia D. France Which of the following country is considered as the ‘Cradle of European Civilisation’? A. England B. Greece C. Russia D. France  Match the following List I (Year) List II (Events) A. 1804 1. Greek struggle for independence began B. 1815 2. Napoleon Wars began C. 1797 3. Treaty of Vienna D. 1821 4. Civil Code CODES: A B C D A. 1 2 3 4 B. 1 3 4 2 C. 4 3 2 1 D. 2 4 1 3  Match the following List I (Year) List II (Events) A. 1804 1. Greek struggle for independence began B. 1815 2. Napoleon Wars began C. 1797 3. Treaty of Vienna D. 1821 4. Civil Code CODES: A B C D A. 1 2 3 4 B. 1 3 4 2 C. 4 3 2 1 D. 2 4 1 3 Assertion: Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation. Reason: Weavers in Silesia had led a revolt in the name of culture. A. Both A and R are True & R is the correct explanation of A B. Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A C. A is True but R is False D. Both A & R are False Assertion: Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation. Reason: Weavers in Silesia had led a revolt in the name of culture. A. Both A and R are True & R is the correct explanation of A B. Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A C. A is True but R is False D. Both A & R are False “The decade of 1830 had brought great economic hardship in Europe”. Support the statement with arguments. (2016)  The first half of the 19th century saw an increase in population, all over Europe. There was scarcity of jobs & few employment opportunities. Population from rural areas migrated to the cities in search of jobs. They lived in overcrowded slums. Small producers in towns faced stiff competition from imports of cheap machine goods from England. In those parts of Europe where aristocracy was strong & enjoyed enormous powers, the peasants groaned under the burden of feudal dues and taxation. The rise of food prices or a year of bad harvest, added to the miseries of the common man.  What is shown in the picture below? A. The Frankfurt parliament in the Church of St Paul B. Palace of Bastille C. Hall of Mirrors D. None of the above  What is shown in the picture below? A. The Frankfurt parliament in the Church of St Paul B. Palace of Bastille C. Hall of Mirrors D. None of the above Describe the role of Otto Von Bismarck in the making of Germany. (2019) Under Bismarck’s command Prussia took the leadership of the movement for national unification. Otto Von Bismarck was the chief architect of the process of unification which was carried with the help of Prussian army & bureaucracy. Three wars over 7 years with Austria, Denmark & France, in which Prussia won. In January 1871, the Prussian King, William I, was proclaimed German emperor in a ceremony in Hall of Mirrors, at Versailles. Explain the process of unification of Italy? (2017, 13) OR Explain various stages of Italy unification. (2012) Political Fragmentation of Italy: During mid 19th century Italy was divided into 7 states. Out of these only Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian Princely House. At that time North of Italy- under Austrian Habsburg; Centre ruled by- Pope; Southern Regions ruled by- Bourbon Kings of Spain. Role of Giuseppe Mazzini- put together a programme for unifying Italy. He formed a secret society- Young Italy to promote Italian unification: “One, free, independent, republican nation”. Role of Camillo Cavour- The unification of Italy was a result of many wars. Chief Minister Cavour led the movement to unify the regions of Italy. In 1860, they succeeded in driving out the Spanish rulers. Role of Garibaldi- A large number of armed volunteers under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi joined the unification movement. In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies succeeded to drive out the Spanish rulers with the help of local people. In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of United Italy. NATIONALISM IN INDIA Explain the idea of Satyagraha according to Gandhiji. (2014) 1. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in 1915 from South Africa. Gandhiji’s novel method of mass agitation is known as ‘Satyagraha’. 2. Satyagraha emphasised truth. Gandhiji believed that if the cause is true, if the struggle is against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor. 3. A satyagrahi can win the battle through non-violence. People, including oppressors, had to be persuaded to see the truth. Truth was bound to ultimately triumph. Gandhiji believed that dharma of non-violence could unite all India. What was the Rowlatt Act? How did it affect the National Movement? (2010, 2013) Rowlatt Act was an oppressive act introduced by the British Government in 1919. It gave the Government enormous powers to repress political activities and allowed detention of political person without trial for two years. The Rowlatt Act affected the national movement in the following ways: 1. Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on strikes in railway workshops and shops were closed down. 2. British administration suppressed the nationalists. As a result local leaders were picked up from Amritsar and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi.  Find the incorrect option: A. Simon Commission was constituted under John Simon B. Oudh Kisan Sabha was headed by Mahatma Gandhi C. In Awadh the Peasant Movement developed under the leadership of Baba Ramchandra D. In 1921 Gandhiji had designed a tricolor Swaraj Flag  Find the incorrect option: A. Simon Commission was constituted under John Simon B. Oudh Kisan Sabha was headed by Mahatma Gandhi C. In Awadh the Peasant Movement developed under the leadership of Baba Ramchandra D. In 1921 Gandhiji had designed a tricolor Swaraj Flag Describe any three major problems faced by the peasants of Awadh in the days of Non-Cooperation Movement? (2015)  Talukdars and landlords demanded exorbitantly high rents and a variety of other taxes from the peasants. Peasants had to do begar and work at the landlords’ farms without any payment. As tenants they had no security of tenure and were being regularly evicted so that they could acquire no right over the leased land. Assertion: In Awadh the peasants were lead by Alluri Sitaram. Reason: The movement here was against Oudh Kisan Sabha. A. Both A and R are True & R is the correct explanation of A B. Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A C. A is True but R is False D. Both A & R are False Assertion: In Awadh the peasants were lead by Alluri Sitaram. Reason: The movement here was against Oudh Kisan Sabha. A. Both A and R are True & R is the correct explanation of A B. Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A C. A is True but R is False D. Both A & R are False Why did Non-Cooperation Movement gradually slow down in cities? Explain two reasons. (2017) The Non-Cooperation Movement in the cities gradually slowed down for various reasons: Mill cloth was cheap due to mass production, khadi cloth was expensive. Hence, the urban poor couldn’t abstain from using mill cloth for too long. Boycott of British institutions posed a problem- No alternative institutions were set-up in their place. So, the students, teachers, lawyers and other professionals finally had to resume their studies and jobs in government institutions like schools, colleges, courts etc. Who announced a vague offer of ‘Dominion Status’ for India in 1929? A. Viceroy Irwin B. Lord Bentinck C. Lord Curzon D. Lord Mountbatten Who announced a vague offer of ‘Dominion Status’ for India in 1929? A. Viceroy Irwin B. Lord Bentinck C. Lord Curzon D. Lord Mountbatten Describe the main features of the ‘Salt March’. (2016, 15, 14)  On 31st January, 1930 he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating 11 demands, one of which was the demand to abolish Salt Tax. Salt was one of the most essential food items consumed by the rich and poor alike and a tax on it was considered an oppression on the people by the British Government. Mahatma Gandhi’s letter was an ultimatum and if his demands were not fulfilled by March 11, he had threatened to launch a civil disobedience campaign. So, Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Salt March accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers. The march was over 240 miles, from Gandhiji’s ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati coastal town of Dandi. The volunteers walked for 24 days, about 10 miles a day. Thousands came to hear Mahatma Gandhi wherever he stopped, and he told them what he meant by Swaraj and urged them to peacefully defy the British. On 6th April, he reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water. This marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Assertion: Gandhi called off the Civil Disobedience Movement. Reason: Gandhi entered into a pact with Irwin on 5th March, 1931. A. Both A and R are True & R is the correct explanation of A B. Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A C. A is True but R is False D. Both A & R are False Assertion: Gandhi called off the Civil Disobedience Movement. Reason: Gandhi entered into a pact with Irwin on 5th March, 1931. A. Both A and R are True & R is the correct explanation of A B. Both A and R are True but R is not the correct explanation of A C. A is True but R is False D. Both A & R are False Which of the following agreements gave reserved seats to the ‘Depressed classes’ in provincial and central legislative councils? A. Poona Pact B. Gandhi-Irwin Pact C. Lucknow Pact D. None of the above Which of the following agreements gave reserved seats to the ‘Depressed classes’ in provincial and central legislative councils? A. Poona Pact B. Gandhi-Irwin Pact C. Lucknow Pact D. None of the above  Match the following List I (Year) List II (Events) A. 1918 1. Satyagraha for cotton mill worker B. 1922 2. NCM was called off C. 1928 3. Simon Commission arrived in India D. 1930 4. First Independence Day CODES: A B C D A. 1 2 3 4 B. 1 3 4 2 C. 4 3 2 1 D. 3 4 1 2  Match the following List I (Year) List II (Events) A. 1918 1. Satyagraha for cotton mill worker B. 1922 2. NCM was called off C. 1928 3. Simon Commission arrived in India D. 1930 4. First Independence Day CODES: A B C D A. 1 2 3 4 B. 1 3 4 2 C. 4 3 2 1 D. 3 4 1 2 “Dalit participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience Movement”. Examine the statement. (2013) 1. The abstract concept of Swaraj did not move the nation’s untouchables. They had begun to call themselves dalit or oppressed from around 1930s. 2. For the long time, the Congress had ignored the dalits for fear of offending the Sanatanis, the conservative high caste Hindus. Gandhiji persuaded upper castes to change their heart and gave up the sin of untouchability. Dalit leaders believed in a different political solution to the problem of their community. 3. Dalits thought that only political empowerment would resolve their problem of social disabilities. 4. They began organising themselves, demanding reserves seats in educational institutions and a separate electorate that would choose their Dalit members for Legislative councils. 5. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar demanded separate electorate for Dalits which was denied by Gandhiji. 6. Dalit movement continued to be apprehensive of the Congress led national movement & their participation was limited. Who was the author of the famous novel ‘Anandamath’? A. Rabindranath Tagore B. Natesa Sastri C. Abanindranath Tagore D. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay Who was the author of the famous novel ‘Anandamath’? A. Rabindranath Tagore B. Natesa Sastri C. Abanindranath Tagore D. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay  Who published ‘The Folklore of Southern India’? A. Rabindranath Tagore B. Natesa Sastri C. Abanindranath Tagore D. All of the above  Who published ‘The Folklore of Southern India’? A. Rabindranath Tagore B. Natesa Sastri C. Abanindranath Tagore D. All of the above “Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that they are all part of the same nation.” Justify the statement. (2015, 13) OR Explain the major factors which promoted the sense of nationalism in the Indians. (2012) 1. United Struggle- different religious groups and communities unitedly struggled against the British rule. 2. Cultural processes- unity spread through various cultural processes like history, folklore, songs and symbols that helped in spread of nationalism. 3. Common identity- The painting of ‘Bharat Mata’ was commonly identified as motherland and affected the people equally. 4. Revival of Indian Folklore- Reviving the folklore through folk songs, legends helped in promoting traditional culture and restore a sense of pride in the past history and culture. 5. Role of the leaders- Leaders like' Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru aroused the feelings of nationalism through their motivational speeches and political activities. RESOURCES & DEVELOPMENT What are the steps involved in Resource Planning? Why is it important  STEPS OF RESOURCE PLANNING Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources. Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans. Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.  Importance of Resource Planning It helps to identify the various resources present in 1 different regions of the country. Helps in the conservation of various non-renewable 2 resources. 3 Helps in keeping track of remaining resources. 4 Helps in reducing wastage of resources. What is Agenda 21? What was its objective?  AGENDA 21 Agenda 21 Declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), held in Rio de Janeiro. Aim- Achieving global sustainable development. Objective- Combat environmental damage, poverty, disease through global co-operation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities. Quiz 01- Question 2 “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed,” who has given the above statement? (a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Vinoba Bhave (c) Atal Bihari Vajpayee (d) Schumacher Quiz 01- Question 2 “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed,” who has given the above statement? (a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Vinoba Bhave (c) Atal Bihari Vajpayee (d) Schumacher C Ques. Alluvial soil is found in which region? CBSE 2016, 10 A A B B C C Ques. Alluvial soil is found in which region? CBSE 2016, 10 A A Haryana & Punjab B B Deccan Plateau Region C Himalayan Region  Ques. Which of the following region is covered under Black soil? B A A C B C  Ques. Which of the following region is covered under Black soil? B A A Haryana & Punjab C B Western Rajasthan C Deccan Plateau Region WATER RESOURCES Quiz 01- Question 5 Which is not a source of freshwater? (a) Glaciers and ice sheets (b) Groundwater (c) Surface runoff (d) Oceans Quiz 01- Question 5 Which is not a source of freshwater? (a) Glaciers and ice sheets (b) Groundwater (c) Surface runoff (d) Oceans “Water Scarcity is a manmade problem” Justify the statement with 5 points Water is a renewable resource in environment but human activities has led to damage of fresh water sources (result : bad quality of water) and overexploitation of water sources (result : shortage of water). Following are some of those human activities that have caused water scarcity : Over-population Over-exploitation, excessive use and unequal access to water Intensive Urbanisation & Industrialisation Lack of Planning Water Pollution Discuss any 3 ill effects of Multi-purpose projects  Adverse Effects of Multi-Purpose Projects Regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir, resulting in rockier stream. Fragmentation of rivers: Dams make it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate, especially for spawning. Effect soil fertility: The reservoirs that are created on the floodplains also submerge the existing vegetation and soil leading to its decomposition over a period of time. Quiz- Question 4 The only State which has made rooftop rainwater harvesting structure compulsory to all the houses is: (a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Karnataka (c) Tamil Nadu (d) West Bengal Quiz- Question 4 The only State which has made rooftop rainwater harvesting structure compulsory to all the houses is: (a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Karnataka (c) Tamil Nadu (d) West Bengal What are ‘Kuls’? Where are they found mainly? In hill and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ of the Western Himalayas for agriculture.  Ques. On the outline map of India locate C where Rana Pratap Sagar Dam is situated? B A A B C  Ques. On the outline map of India locate where Rana Pratap Sagar Dam is situated? C CBSE 2012, 11, 10 B A A B C FOREST & WILDLIFE RESOURCES In what categories forests of India divided? How are they different from each other? 3. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. Forests are classified under the following categories : (i) Reserved Forests: More than half of the total forest land has been declared reserved forests. Reserved forests are regarded as the most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources are concerned. (ii) Protected Forests: Almost one-third of the total forest area is protected forest, as declared by the Forest Department. This forest land are protected from any further depletion. (iii) Unclassed Forests: These are other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities What is the full form of JFM? (a) Joint Fund Management (b) Jungle Future Management (c) Joint Forest Management (d) Joint Fall Management  How can you say that joint forest management (JFM) programme are a good example for involving local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests. 3. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. The programme has been in formal existence since 1988 in the state of Odisha. It entails the involvement of local communities in natural resource management. JFM depends on the formation of local (village) institutions that undertake protection activities mostly on degraded forest land managed by the forest department. In return, the members of these communities are entitled to intermediary benefits like non- timber forest produces and share in the timber harvested by ‘successful protection’. The Chipko Movement in the Himalayas to protect the forest cover was started by : (a) Sunder Lal Bahuguna (b) Dr Anil Agarwal of CSE (c) Dr Aruna Roy of Kisan Mazdoor Vikas (d) Medha Patkar POWER SHARING  Match the following: List A List B A. Sri Lanka got independence 1. 1956 B. Act declared Sinhala as the 2. 2009 official language C. Civil War ended in Sri Lanka 3. 1948 CODES A B C a) 3 1 2 b) 1 3 2 c) 2 3 1 d) 2 1 3 Explain how Belgium was able to solve her ethnic problems. When the Belgian leaders recognized the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities, they amended their constitution four times in order to accommodate these differences. The following are the ways in which Belgium has accommodated the existing regional differences and cultural diversities. 1. Equal number of ministers: The Government of Belgium has equal number of Dutch- and French-speaking ministers. This has been done to give equal power to the majority and the minority language speaking groups. 2. Fair share of power: Many powers of the Central government have been given to the state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central government but are independent. 3. Setting up of Community Government: A third kind of government, named the community government, is introduced in addition to the Central and the State Government. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and lingual issues. This government comprises members from all the three communities—Dutch-speaking, French-speaking and German-speaking. 4. Equal representation: In the State Government of Brussels—the capital city—both the French- and Dutch-speaking communities have equal representation.  Find the incorrect option: A. Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1958 B. Belgium has a population of a little over one crore, about half of the population of Haryana C. Power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order D. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil  ‘Sharing of powers makes a country more powerful and united’. Justify the statement. 1. Power sharing ensures that all people have stake in government. 2. Power sharing ensures maximum participation. It upholds the concept of people’s rule. It always brings better outcomes in democracy. It ensures the political stability in democracy. 3. Power sharing accommodates diverse groups. It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Explain two reasons as to why power sharing is desirable. There are many reason as to why power sharing is important in a democracy. The following are the two main sets in which the reasons can be broadly divided. Prudential reason: Power sharing helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. It is a good way to ensure the stability of political order as social conflict often leads to violence and political stability. MORAL REASON: Power sharing is the true spirit of democracy. Modern democracies maintain a check and balance system. Identify the correct option based on the horizontal power sharing arrangement. A. Central government, state government and local bodies B. Among different pressure groups C. Among different social groups D. Legislature, Executive and Judiciary FEDERALISM What is federalism? What are its features? Sharing of power between 2 units (national and state governments) in a democracy is known as Federalism. 2 or more tiers of government: State & Union. Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own JURISDICTION. Constitution specifies jurisdiction of various level. Changes in Constitution require the consent of both the levels of government. ○ Judiciary has power to interpret the constitution & the powers of different levels of government. ○ Sources of revenue for each level of government are clearly specified. Pick the odd one out : A. Spain B. India C. Belgium D. Sri-lanka Assertion: It is very simple to make changes in the basic structure of the constitution. Reason: Both the houses have power to amend the constitution independently. A. A is true but R is false B. Both A and R are false C. Both A and R are True but R is not the explanation of A D. Both A and R are True and R is the explanation of A  Why has federalism succeeded in India? Which three policies adopted by India have ensured this success? The policies adopted by Indian Government have ensured the success of federalism in India. Policies adopted by India to ensure this success are: 1. Centre-State Relations: Federalism has been strengthened by restructuring of centre-state relations. 2. Decentralisation: In India, power has been decentralised to the local government. The local government includes panchayats and municipalities. 3. Linguistic States: The policy of creating linguistic states has also strengthened federalism. Despite of division, this policy united the nation. 4. Language Policy: Indian federation did not gave status of national language to any language. This ultimately has strengthened federalism. Transfer of power from Central or State government to local government is called A. Decentralisation B. Segregation C. Disintegration D. Both A and C State major steps taken by the Indian Government towards decentralization in 1992. Constitution mandate to hold regular elections to local government bodies. Reservation of seats in the elected bodies for SCs, STs, and OBCs. Reservation of at least one third of all positions for women. State Election Commission in each state to conduct panchayat and municipal elections. The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies. GENDER, RELIGION & CASTE What is the ‘term’ used for a person who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men? (2012) Which of the following statements are true regarding feminist movements? a) Radical women’s movements aimed at equality in personal and family life. b) Agitations demanded enhancing the political and legal status of women and improving their educational and career opportunities. c) There were agitations in different countries for the extension of voting rights to women. d) All of the above. The Equal Remuneration Act of _______ provides that equal wages should be paid to equal work. a) 1986 b) 1976 c) 1966 d) 1972 Which of the following statements is true? a) The Constitution of India allows the state to intervene in matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious communities. b) Constitution prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion. c) The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practise and propagate any religion or not to follow any. d) All of the above. Identify the statements which suggest that it is not politics that gets caste-ridden, it is the caste that gets politicised. A. When governments are formed, political parties take care that representatives of different castes find a place in it. B. Each caste group incorporates neighbouring castes which were earlier excluded. C. Various caste groups enter into a coalition with other castes. D. Political parties and candidates in elections make appeals to caste sentiments. (a) A, B and D (c) B and C (b) B, C and D (d) A and D Explain the various forms that caste can take in politics. Various forms of caste in politics: 1. When governments are formed, political parties usually take care that representatives of different castes and tribes find a place in it. 2. When parties choose candidates, they keep in mind the composition of the electorate and accordingly choose candidates from different castes so as to muster necessary support to win elections. 3. Political parties make appeals to caste sentiments to gain support. Some political parties are known to favour some castes. 4. Universal adult franchise and the principle of one-person-one-vote compelled political leaders to mobilise political support. It also brought new consciousness among people belonging to those castes which were treated as inferiors. Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a Secular State. Answer: Two constitutional provisions that make India a Secular State are: 1. There is no official religion for the Indian State. Unlike the status of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Islam in Pakistan and Christianity in England, our Constitution does not give a special status to any religion. 2. At the same time, the Constitution allows the State to intervene in the matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious communities; for example, it bans untouchability. How far is it correct to say that it is not politics that gets caste ridden but it is the caste that gets politicised? Explain. (2015) Politics too influences the caste system and caste identities by bringing them into the political arena. This takes several forms: 1. Each caste group tries to become bigger by incorporating within itself neighbouring castes or sub¬castes. 2. Various caste groups enter into a coalition with other castes for negotiations. 3. New caste groups like ‘backward’ and ‘forward’ have come up in the political arena. 4. Expressions of caste differences in politics give many disadvantaged communities the chance to demand their share of power and thus gain access to decision-making. 5. Many political and non-political organisations have been demanding and agitating for an end to discrimination against particular castes for more dignity and more access to land, resources and opportunities. What factors have brought about a change in the Indian Caste system in modern times? Explain. (2012) Answer: The castes and caste system in modern India have undergone great changes due to the efforts of social reformers and the socio-economic changes in India. With economic development, large scale urbanisation, growth of literacy and education, occupational mobility and weakening of the position of landlords in the villages, the old notions of caste hierarchy are breaking down. Politics too influences the caste system and caste identities by bringing them into the political arena. The Constitution of India prohibits any caste-based discrimination and has laid foundations of policies to reverse injustices of the caste system. DEVELOPMENT Which of the following statements is true? a) The Constitution of India allows the state to intervene in matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious communities. b) Constitution prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion. c) The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practise and propagate any religion or not to follow any. d) All of the above. Pick out the correct meaning listed below to define ‘average income’. a) The average income of the country means the total income of the country b) The average income in a country is the income of only employed people c) Average income is the same as per capita income d) Average income includes the value of property held The right answer is- option c) Average income is the same as per capita income Which of the following defines Infant Mortality Rate? a) It is the number of children dying at less than 1 year of age, divided by the number of live births that year b) It is the number of children dying at less than 2 years of age, divided by the number of live births that year c) It is the number of children dying at less than 3 years of age, divided by the number of live births that year d) It is the number of children dying at less than 5 years of age, divided by the number of live births that year The right answer is- option a) It is the number of children dying at less than 1 year of age, divided by the number of live births that year Assertion (A): Human Development mentions how much socio-economic development has happened in a country. Reason (R): Comparison of national income of two countries explains Human Development Index. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A c) A is true but R is false d) Both A and R are false The right answer is- option c) A is true but R is false  Category of Person Developmental Goals Landless rural labourers More days of work and better wages; local schools are able to provide quality education for their children. Urban unemployed youth ? In the table given above what would be the developmental goal of the person. Identify the correct option: a) Stable job b) Better salary/ wages c) Social security All of the above SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 states a guarantee of minimum of 100 days of employment per year. If the government is unable to fulfill these 100 days of employment the government would have to----------------------------------- Choose the correct option: a) Pay the compensation in lieu of these days b) Provide another scheme for the same c) Pay at least 1/3 percent allowance d) Provide health care as compensation The right answer is- option a) Pay the compensation in lieu of these days Assertion: GDP shows how big the economy is. Reason: The GDP of a country is the value of all intermediate goods and services produced within a country during a particular year. a) Both A & R are true and R is the correct explanation of A b) Both A & R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A c) A is true but R is false d) A is false but R is true The right answer is- option a) Both A & R are true and R is the correct explanation of A Development  If industrialists want more dams then why do local people resist it? A. Local people will be displaced B. Local people lands will be submerged C. Local people will have no source of earning D. All of the above  If industrialists want more dams then why do local people resist it? A. Local people will be displaced B. Local people lands will be submerged C. Local people will have no source of earning D. All of the above Question 15 : “Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries.” Justify the statement. Answer : It is true that the consequences of environmental degradation is now a global issue and discussed all over the world. They are not restricted to the nation or state boundary. The consequences are felt in the surrounding states, nations and also globally. For example: Air pollution through massive thermal power plant and other sources, in India causes pollution in Nepal, Bangladesh, etc. Our neighbours also experience increase in asthma and other lung diseases. Acid rain, climate change, etc are some issues which are transcontinental in consequences. For e.g. Deforestation in Brazil has caused disturbance in rainfall pattern throughout South America. Land Degradation and dam burst like conditions in China affect India and Bangladesh as it brings massive siltation and flood consequences.  Choose correctly matched option from the following List I (Category of person) List II (Development goal) A. Farmers who depend More days of work and only on rain for better wages growing crops B. Landless rural Higher support prices for labourers their crops C. Prosperous farmers Regular wages from Punjab D. An adivasi from To fulfill livelihood Narmada valley Choose correctly matched option from the following List I (Category of List II (Development person) goal) A. Farmers who depend More days of work and only on rain for better wages growing crops B. Landless rural Higher support prices for labourers their crops C. Prosperous farmers Regular wages from Punjab D. An adivasi from To fulfill livelihood Narmada valley  What do you mean by public facilities? Why are they important? Name two public facilities available in India. Public facilities are the facilities provided by the government either free of cost or at very low price for the welfare of the people like schools, health centres, public transport, etc. The importance of these facilities is to make it available to everyone for use so that the standard of living improves. Four major facilities are as follows: Basic Education: Govt provides school and other educational facilities like chair, books etc to be used by the public. But its use and performance is depended on collective response and community cooperation.  Basic health facilities: Govt provides hospitals, vaccine programmes to maintain basic quality of life. Law and order facility/ security: It is the duty of the government to ensure law and order and provide security in order to maintain peace in the country. Provide for PDS: Govt opens PDS shops or ration shops through which it supplies basic food items like rice, wheat, pulses, etc at very low price/ subsidised rate to the lower income group or poor people. Other facilities are infrastructure facilities like road, irrigation projects drinking water supplies in urban areas, etc.  Match the following: List A List B A. Per Capita 1. Total Income Income 2. Human Development B. National Income Index 3. Average Income C. Body Mass Index 4. Proper Nutrition D. Decent Standard of Living CODES A B C D a) 3 1 4 2 b) 1 3 2 4 c) 4 3 2 1 d) 2 1 4 3  Match the following: List A List B A. Per Capita 1. Total Income Income 2. Human Development B. National Income Index 3. Average Income C. Body Mass Index 4. Proper Nutrition D. Decent Standard of Living CODES A B C D a) 3 1 4 2 b) 1 3 2 4 c) 4 3 2 1 d) 2 1 4 3 What is sustainable economic development? Write any three measures to control environmental degradation. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Following are three measures to control environmental degradation: Over exploitation of resources should be avoided. Rule of three ‘R’s i.e. Recycle, Reduce and Reuse, should be adopted. New technologies should be developed for judicious use of resources and pollution free environment. In place of conventional and non-renewable energy resources, renewable energy resources must be adopted.  The total number of children attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group is called A. Net attendance ratio B. Literacy Rate C. Gross Enrolment Ratio D. Level of education  The total number of children attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group is called A. Net attendance ratio B. Literacy Rate C. Gross Enrolment Ratio D. Level of education  “People have conflicting development goals”. Support the statement with suitable example. It is true to say that people have conflicting developmental goals. What may be the development for one may not be for the other. Different people have different interests life situations and state of mind. People visualize things actions etc. according to their level of understanding. For example- the construction of a flyover to reduce the congestion and traffic jams may be a development goal especially for the daily commuters. But for the construction of the flyover surrounding houses shops etc. need to be demolished which may not be like by the occupants of these shops and houses. This may not be a development goal for them. __________ is an example of renewable resource. A. Petroleum B. Crude Oil C. Groundwater D. Coal Resources  __________ is an example of renewable resource. A. Petroleum B. Crude Oil C. Groundwater D. Coal Resources Money & Credit Why is modern currency considered a medium of exchange? Modern currency is accepted as a medium of exchange because: It is authorised by the government of India. It is issued by the apex bank on behalf of the government. No other individual is allowed to issue currency. The law of the country legalises its use as a medium of payment and setting transactions. No one in a country can refuse payment made in the currency of that country. Assertion: Borrowers when borrow from informal sources, then they fall into debt trap. Reason: Formal sector institutions need to lend more to the borrowers in order to prevent them from falling into debt traps. A. Both A & R are true and R is correct explanation of A B. Both A & R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A C. A is true, but R is false D. Both A & R are false Assertion: Borrowers when borrow from informal sources, then they fall into debt trap. Reason: Formal sector institutions need to lend more to the borrowers in order to prevent them from falling into debt traps. A. Both A & R are true and R is correct explanation of A B. Both A & R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A C. A is true, but R is false D. Both A & R are false How do demand deposits have the essential features of money? Explain. Demand deposits are deposits in the bank that can be withdrawn on demand. Demand deposit share-essential features of money because : The facility of cheques against demand deposits makes it possible to directly settle payments without the use of cash. Demand deposit is accepted widely as a means of payment along with currency. Define Collateral. Why do banks need it before giving out loans? Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns (such as land, building, vehicle, livestocks, deposits with banks) & uses this as a guarantee to a lender until the loan is repaid. Lenders ask for collateral while lending because: - In case a borrower fails to repay the debt, the collateral can be used to generate the amount that borrower owes. - Hence, collateral is a legal guarantee that the debtor will repay the money by all means. Assertion: Credit could be useful or not depends on the risk involved in a situation. Reason: The chance of benefiting from credit is highest in agriculture sector. A. Both A & R are true and R is correct explanation of A B. Both A & R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A C. A is true, but R is false D. Both A & R are false Assertion: Credit could be useful or not depends on the risk involved in a situation. Reason: The chance of benefiting from credit is highest in agriculture sector. A. Both A & R are true and R is correct explanation of A B. Both A & R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A C. A is true, but R is false D. Both A & R are false Banks play an important role in economic development of the country. Support the statement with examples.  Provide Loans: Banks keep a small portion of their deposits as cash with themselves & use major portion of it to grant loans for various economic activities. Acts as a link between savers & investors, i.e. people who have surplus money & those who are in need of money. Provide interests: Banks provide interest on the money deposited by the people. Thus, they add to the income of the family. Many families survive on the bank interest. Boost industrial sectors: Banks provide cheap loans to the industries. This generates more employment & raises income thereby bringing economic development. Promotes development: Banks provide loans in rural areas for crop production ultimately resulting in the development of many places.  Banks deposits are also called_______. A. Collateral B. Demand deposits C. Cheque D. Currency  Banks deposits are also called_______. A. Collateral B. Demand deposits C. Cheque D. Currency  What are the advantages and disadvantage of formal sector of loans in India? Advantages : Formal sector helps to meet the working capital needs of production. They give very low interest rate. This reduces the chance of the borrower to be trapped in a debt trap. It helps in increasing earnings by making more investment. Helps in completing production on time. Disadvantages : People face difficulty in obtaining loans. Formal sector of credit lacks credibility in rural areas. People don’t always have collateral or required documents. Which bank is the apex bank of India? What role does it play in formal sector? Reserve bank of India is the apex bank of India and it fulfils following functions : Supervises the functioning of loans in formal sector. Maintain checks & balances. It issues guidelines for fixing rate of interest on deposits and lending by banks. It issues currency notes on behalf of the central government. Periodically, the banks have to submit a report to the RBI on how much they are lending, to whom and at what interest rate.  Look at the picture and select the correct option which describes it properly. A. Banks link depositor to borrowers C. Banks are very important for the economy C. Banks are useful in keeping surplus cash D. Banks are mediator between depositors and borrowers  Look at the picture and select the correct option which describes it properly. A. Banks link depositor to borrowers C. Banks are very important for the economy C. Banks are useful in keeping surplus cash D. Banks are mediator between depositors and borrowers Explain the difference between formal and informal sector of credit.  Formal Source Informal Source Banks require collateral and proper No collateral is required. documentation for getting a loan. A reasonable rate of Higher rate of interest is interest is charged. charged. There is no organisation RBI supervises them. to supervise them. Terms of credit are fair Terms of credit are very and reasonable. tough and unreasonable. Includes moneylenders, Includes banks and traders, employers, cooperatives. friends and relatives. Underemployment continues to be rampant in the rural areas. Suggest any three ways through which employment for rural people can be generated.  People can be employed in projects like construction of dam/canal/ roads in the village. Government invests and employ people in providing transportation and storage services. People can be employed in services like banking, trade, etc. Government can identify, promote industries and services in semi-rural areas to enhance employment. Government can open centres to give them training and financial assistance to help them become self – employed. Removing barriers or restrictions set by the government is known as : (a) Nationalisation (b) Privatisation (c) Liberalisation (d) None of the above Which of the following are the agents of Globalisation? (a) Buyers (b) MNCs (c) Government (d) Tourists It is said that WTO is at times unfair. What nations do WTO prefer generally? (a) Developed nations (b) Underdeveloped nations (c) Developing nations (d) Poor nations  Distinguish the service conditions of organised sector with that of unorganized sector.  Organized Sector Unorganized Sector Registered with the Not registered with the government. government. Rules & regulations given in Rules and regulations are various acts like, Minimum there but not followed. Wages Act, Factories Act, etc. Fixed working hours, and Long working hours, and not paid for overtime (high paid for overtime (low salary). salary). Job security, and provision No job security, and no such for paid holidays, gratuity, provisions of paid holidays, provident funds. gratuity, etc. The task of collection of data in all the three sectors of the economy is done by which of the following organisations: A. NSSO B. BPO C. UNDP D. KPO Why is NREGA also called the Right to work? Explain the objectives of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005. Every state or region in India has potential for increasing the income and employment in that area. Recognising this, the Central Government in India has passed an act called the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005, Main objectives of the NREGA 2005 are: To implement the Right to Work in 200(initially) districts of India. To guarantee 100 days of employment in a year by the Government. In case the Government fails, it offers unemployment allowance. To give preference to the type of work that will help increase the production from land.  Study the picture and identify to what sector does the activity belong to: A. Primary Sector C. Tertiary Sector C. Secondary Sector D. None of the above  ‘Tertiary sector is playing a significant role in the development of Indian Economy’. Justify the statement.  Basic services: Services such as hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph services, transport, banks, insurance companies, are in this group. Globalization: Due to globalization, people have become aware of new services and activities, and communication because of which the tertiary sector has gained importance. Development of primary and secondary sector: The development of agriculture and industry leads to the development of services such as transport, trade and storage. Rise in information technology: Over the past decade or so, certain new services, such as those based on information and communication technology have become important and essential.  Match the following: List A List B A. Selling Woollen Garments 1. Private Sector B. Rearing of Sheep 2. Secondary Sector C. Raymond Coats 3. Tertiary Sector D. Preparing Woollen fibres 4. Primary Sector CODES A B C D a) 3 4 1 2 b) 2 1 4 3 c) 4 3 2 1 d) 4 3 1 2  Which among the following most appropriately describes underemployment? A. Workers are not paid as per their work B. Workers are working less than what they are capable of doing C. Workers are not skilled D. Workers are not willing to work