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Muscle Name Muscle Name Origin Origin Inser on Inser on...

Muscle Name Muscle Name Origin Origin Inser on Inser on Blood Supply posterior gluteal muscles Blood Supply Innerva on Innerva on Spinal Levels Spinal Levels Ac on Ac on Walking Gait Walking Gait LOWER laterally rotates thigh at the hip upper fibers: abduct thigh at the hip Fascia overlying gluteus medius & initial contact & loading ac ng from origin: erector spinae muscles response: Upper por on & superficial lower fibers: extend the thigh at the hip posterior iliac crest prevent trunk from falling ilio bial tract inferior gluteal artery ac ng from inser on: Gluteus Maximus dorsal inferior sacrum inferior gluteal nerve L5, S1, S2 forward Deeper fibers of lower por on: superior gluteal artery pulls backward from trunk to coccyx terminal swing: gluteal tuberosity of femur prevent flexion- extends the sacrotuberous & sacrospinous restrain forward movement trunk so you walk upright ligaments of thigh with IT band: stabilize hip & knee joints abducts thigh at hip (ac ng from pelvis) medially rotates thigh at hip Gluteal aponeurosis branches from the posterior initial contact, loading lateral facet on the greater trochanter of (ant. fibers) Gluteus Medius dorsal ilium between anterior & trunk (of the internal iliac superior gluteal nerve L4, L5, S1 response, mid-stance: the femur laterally rotate thigh at hip posterior gluteal lines artery) lateral pelvic l ng ac on (post. fibers) abducts thigh at hip (ac ng from pelvis) medially rotates thigh at hip dorsal surface of ilium branches from the posterior initial contact, loading anterior lateral angle of the greater (ant. fibers) Gluteus Minimus (between anterior & inferior gluteal trunk (of the internal iliac superior gluteal nerve L4, L5, S1 response, mid-stance: trochanter laterally rotate thigh at hip lines) artery) lateral pelvic l ng ac on (post. fibers) weakly abducts thigh at hip weakly medially rotates thigh initial contact, loading lateral aspect of iliac crest branches from the posterior at hip response, mid-stance, Tensor Fasciae Latae midway between ASIS & iliac IT band & fascia latae on lateral superior bia trunk (of the internal iliac superior gluteal nerve L4, L5, S1 terminal stance: stabilizes: tubercle artery) lateral pelvic l ng ac on knee in extension hip joint posterior gluteal muscles Muscle Name Origin Inser on Blood Supply Innerva on Spinal Levels Ac on Walking Gait branches from the anterior laterally rotate extended thigh anterior sacrum medial superior side of the greater Piriformis trunk (of the internal iliac nerve to piriformis S1, S2 at hip 1st-4th sacral foramina trochanter of the femur artery) abduct flexed thigh at hip anterior wall of the circumference laterally rotate extended thigh medial surface of greater trochanter of branches from the anterior nerve to obturator Obturator Internus of obturator foramen L5, S1 at hip femur, above trochanteric fossa trunk internus obturator membrane abduct flexed thigh at hip tendon of GS & GI converge with tendon of laterally rotate extended thigh obturator internus branches from the anterior nerve to obturator Gemellus Superior dorsal surface of ischial spine L5, S1 at hip insert together into medial surface of trunk internus abduct flexed thigh at hip greater trochanter of femur tendon of GS & GI converge with tendon of laterally rotate extended thigh dorsal surface of ischial obturator internus branches from the anterior nerve to quadratus Gemellus Inferior L5, S1 at hip tuberosity insert together into medial surface of trunk femoris abduct flexed thigh at hip greater trochanter of femur lateral aspect of the ischial quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric branches from the anterior nerve to quadratus Quadratus Femoris L5, S1 laterally rotate thigh at hip tuberosity crest trunk femoris anterior compartment thigh muscles Muscle Name Origin Inser on Blood Supply Innerva on Spinal Levels Ac on Walking Gait acts with iliacus Superior: ac ng on one side: lumbar arteries flexes thigh at the hip initial swing: Middle: posterior abdominal wall anterior rami of L1, pulling from the origin acts to flex thigh at hip Psoas Major lesser trochanter of the femur branches from the posterior L1, L2, L3 transverse process of T12 to L5 L2, L3 ac ng bilaterally: mainly ac ve when trunk (of internal iliac artery) flex trunk against resistance increasing or decreasing speed Inferior: pulling from inser on (sit ups) femoral artery acts with psoas major ac ng on one side: flexes thigh at the hip initial swing: upper por on of the iliac fossa branches from the posterior branches of the pulling from the origin acts to flex thigh at hip Iliacus of ilium lesser trochanter or the femur trunk (of the internal iliac femoral nerve within L2, L3 ac ng bilaterally: mainly ac ve when inner lip of the iliac crest artery) the abdomen flex trunk against resistance increasing or decreasing speed pulling from the inser on (sit ups) flex thigh at the hip initial swing: medial surface of bia femoral artery branches of the abduct thigh at the hip acts to flex thigh at hip Sartorius anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) L2, L3 part of pes anserinus femoral nerve laterally rotate thigh at the hip mainly ac ve when pace is flex leg at the knee increasing or decreasing continuous line along: extend leg at the knee intertrochanteric line quadriceps femoris tendon horizontal fibers: Vastus Medialis pec neal line deep artery of the thigh femoral nerve L2, L3, L4 medial border of patella counteract lateral pull on medial lip of linea aspera patella medial supracondylar line initial contact & loading response: con nous line along: prevent flexion of the leg at margin of greater trochanter quadriceps femoris tendon extend leg at the knee the knee Vastus Lateralis intertrochanteric line deep artery of the thigh femoral nerve L2, L3, L4 lateral patellar border terminal swing: lateral margin of gluteal tuberosity ac vely extend leg at the lateral lip of linea aspera knee quadriceps femoris tendon upper 2/3 of anterior & lateral lateral patella border Vastus Intermedius surface of the femur deep artery of the thigh femoral nerve L2, L3, L4 extend leg at the knee lateral bial condyle adjacent intermuscular septum straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) quadriceps femoris tendon extend leg at the knee Rectus Femoris deep artery of the thigh femoral nerve L2, L3, L4 reflected head: proximal surface of patella flex thigh at the hip ilium, superior to acetabulum posterior compartment thigh muscles Muscle Name Origin Inser on Blood Supply Innerva on Spinal Levels Ac on Walking Gait both heads: long head: long head: flex the leg at the knee scia c nerve, bial inferior ischial tuberosity laterally rotate leg at knee division shares tendon of inser on w/ perfora ng branches of the (slightly) Biceps Femoris anterolateral aspect of head of fibula short head: L5, S1, S2 semitendenosus deep artery of the thigh long head only: scia c nerve, short head: extend the thigh at the hip common fibular lateral lip of linea aspera laterally rotate extended thigh division at hip joint long hamstrings: ini al contact & loading response: flex the leg at the knee prevent trunk from falling medially rotate leg at knee forward about the hip joint inferior ischial tuberosity perfora ng branches of the scia c nerve, bial (slightly) Semitendinosus shares tendon of inser on w/ long medial surface of proximal bia L5, S1, S2 deep artery of the thigh division extend the thigh at the hip head of biceps femoris medially rotate extended thigh at hip joint flex the leg at the knee medially rotate leg at knee medial posterior surface of medial bial perfora ng branches of the scia c nerve, bial (slightly) Semimembranosus superior lateral ischial tuberosity L5, S1, S2 condyle deep artery of the thigh division extend the thigh at the hip medially rotate extended thigh at hip joint medial compartment thigh muscles Muscle Name Origin Inser on Blood Supply Innerva on Spinal Levels Ac on Walking Gait flex the leg at the knee external surface of body of the medially rotate the leg at knee pubis perfera ng branches of the anterior branch of initial swing: Gracilis medial surface of proximal bia sha L2, L3 assist with adduc on of the inferior pubic ramus deep artery of the thigh obturator nerve flex extended thigh at the hip thigh at the hip (ac ng vs ramus of ischium gravity) assists with adduc on of the terminal stance, pre-swing perfera ng branches of the anterior branch of thigh at the hip (vs gravity) Adductor Longus external surface of body of the pubis middle 1/3 of linea aspera L2, L3, L4 & initial swing: deep artery of the thigh obturator nerve assists with medial rota on of flex extended thigh at the hip the thigh assists to adduct the thigh at external body of the pubis upper 1/3 of linea aspera anterior branch of the hip (vs gravity) Adductor Brevis deep artery of the thigh L2, L3 inferior pubic ramus posterior proximal femur obturator nerve medially rotates the thigh at the hip adductor portion: adductor portion: medial margin of gluteal tuberosity adductor portion: assists to adduct the thigh at hamstring portion: adductor portion: linea aspera obturator nerve; the hip (vs gravity) ini al contact & loading ischiopubic ramus medial supracondylar line deep artery of the thigh and posterior branch Adductor Magnus L2, L3, L4 medially rotate the thigh at response: hamstring portion: hamstring portion: obturatory artery hamstring portion: the hip prevent trunk from falling ischial tuberosity adductor tubercle on medial condyle of bial branch of the hamstring portion: forward about the hip joint femur scia c nerve extend the thigh at the hip medial supracondylar line pec neal line of the femur assists to adduct the thigh at pec neal line of pelvic bone Pec neus line extending from base of lesser deep artery of the thigh femoral nerve L2, L3 hip (vs gravity) adjacent bone trochanter to linea aspera assists with flexion of the thigh external surface of obturator obturator artery posterior branch of Obturator Externus membrane trochateric fossa branches from deep artery L3, L4 laterally rotate thigh at hip obturator nerve adjacent bone of the thigh superficial posterior compartment leg muscles Muscle Name Origin Inser on Blood Supply Innerva on Spinal Levels Ac on Walking Gait medial head: mid-stance, terminal posterior aspect of distal femur, plantar flex the foot at the stance, pre-swing: superior to medial femoral condyle via calcaneus (achilles) tendon Gastrocnemius sural arteries bial nerve S1, S2 ankle ac ng to prevent over lateral head: posterior calcaneus flex the leg at the knee rota on of stance side leg on posterolateral surface of lateral ankle and forefoot femoral condyle inferior por on of lateral plantar flex the foot at the via calcaneus (achilles) tendon sural arteries and popliteal Plantaris supracondylar line bial nerve S1, S2 ankle posterior calcaneus artery oblique popliteal ligament of knee flex the leg at the knee mid-stance, terminal soleal line & medial bial border plantar flex the foot at the popliteal artery - fibular stance, pre-swing: posterior fibular head via calcaneus (achilles) tendon ankle Soleus inferorp bial nerve S1, S2 ac ng to prevent over tendinous arch between the bial posterior calcaneus steadies leg on foot while fibular artery rota on of stance side leg on and fibular a achments standing erect ankle and forefoot deep posterior compartment leg muscles Muscle Name Origin Inser on Blood Supply Innerva on Spinal Levels Ac on Walking Gait when standing (full extension): stabilizes knee (resists rota on of bia rela ve to femur) Popliteus lateral femoral condyle posterior proximal bia branches of popliteal artery bial nerve L4, L5, S1 when starting to walk: unlocks knee laterally rotates the femur on the bia loading response, mid- flexes 1st digit (mainly at stance, & terminal stance: posterior fibula Flexor Hallucis Longus plantar surface of 1st distal phalanx fibular artery bial nerve S2, S3 distal IP joint) ac ng to flex digits to adjacent interosseous membrane assists to plantar flex the foot maintain firm contact w/ substrate flexes lateral 4 digits (mainly loading response, mid- at distal IP joint) stance, & terminal stance: Flexor Digitorum plantar surfaces of the bases of the distal medial posterior bia posterior bial artery bial nerve S2, S3 assists to plantar flex the foot ac ng to flex digits to Longus phalanges of the lateral 4 toes maintain firm contact w/ substrate posterior surface of the invert the foot interosseus membrane navicular tuberosity posterior bial artery Tibialis Posterior bial nerve L4, L5 plantar flex the foot adjacent surfaces of the bia & adjacent surface on medial cuneiform fibular artery support the medial arch fibula anterior compartment leg muscles Muscle Name Origin Inser on Blood Supply Innerva on Spinal Levels Ac on Walking Gait Initial contact, loading dorsiflexion of the foot at the response, pre-swing, medial and inferior surface of medial ankle upper 2/3 of lateral bial sha anterior bial deep fibular initial swing, mid-swing, Tibialis Anterior cuneiform L4,L5 inversion of the foot terminal swing: adjacent intersseous membrane adjacent surface on base of MT I supports medial arch of the ac ng to prevent foot from foot dropping Initial contact, loading response, pre-swing, middle 1/2 of medial fibula Extensor Hallucis dorsal surface of base of 1st distal phalanx extend 1st digit initial swing, mid-swing, adjacent surface on interosseous anterior bial deep fibular L5,S1 Longus (via extensor hood) dorsiflex the foot terminal swing: membrane ac ng to prevent foot from dropping Initial contact, loading response, pre-swing, Extensor Digitorum upper half of medial fibula bases of distal & middle phalanges of digits II- extend lateral 4 toes initial swing, mid-swing, anterior bial deep fibular L5,S1 terminal swing: Longus adjacent lateral bial condyle V (via extensor hood) dorsiflex foot ac ng to prevent foot from dropping 1  Initial contact, loading response, pre-swing, dorsiflexion of the foot at the initial swing, mid-swing, Fibularis Ter us distal medial fibula dorsomedial surface of base of MT V anterior bial deep fibular L5,S1 ankle terminal swing: eversion of the foot ac ng to prevent foot from dropping lateral compartment leg muscles Muscle Name Origin Inser on Blood Supply Innerva on Spinal Levels Ac on Walking Gait eversion of foot upper lateral fibula inferolateral and distal end of medial Fibularis Longus anterior bial superficial fibular L5,S1,S2 plantarflexion of foot head of fibula cuneiform (base of MT I) supports arches of foot Fibularis Brevis lower 2/3 of fibula base of MT V anterior bial superficial fibular L5,S1,S2 eversion of foot intrinsic foot muscles Muscle Name Origin Inser on Blood Supply Innerva on Spinal Levels Ac on Walking Gait Via externsor hoods: Extensor Digitorum 1st digit: base of proximal phalanx Superolateral calcaneal surface dorsalis pedis deep fibular nerve S1, S2 extension of digits I-IV Brevis 2nd-4th digits: lateral sides of the long digital tendons Abductor Hallucis Medial process of calcaneal medial and lateral plantar abduct 1st digit Medial side of base of 1st proximal phalanx Medial plantar nerve S1, S2, S3 (Layer 1) tuberosity arteries flex 1st digit loading response, mid- medial process of calcaneal stance & terminal stance: Flexor Digitorom sides of the middle phalanges of lateral four medial and lateral plantar tuberosity Medial plantar nerve S1, S2, S3 flex digits II-V ac ng to flex digits to Brevis (Layer 1) toes arteries plantar aponeruosis maintain firm contact w substrate Lateral & medial processes of Abductor Digi medial & lateral plantar abduct 5th digit calcaneal tuberosity lateral side of base of 5th proximal phalanx Lateral plantar nerve S1, S2, S3 Minimi (Layer 1) arteries flexes 5th digit underlying connec ve ssue medial head medial calcaneal surface, inferior Quadratus Plantae to sustentaculum tali medial & lateral plantar assists flexor digitorum longus lateral side of flexor digitorum longus tendon Lateal plantar nerve S1, S2, S3 (Layer 2) lateral head arteries with flexion of digits II-V lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity tendons of flexor digitorum longus loading response, mid- 1st lumbrical: stance, & terminal stance: 1st lumbrical: medial side of FDL tendon of 2nd -ac ng to flex digits to maintain medial plantar nerve digit medial free margins of the extensor hoods of Lateral plantar artery and extension at the IP joints firm contact with substrate by: Lumbricals (Layer 2) 2nd-4th: S2, S3 2nd-4th: digits II-V arcuate artery flexion of the MTP joints helping to resist over lateral plantar nerve adjacent sides of FDL tendons of extension at MTP joints digits II-V helping to resist over flexion at IP joints intrinsic foot muscles Muscle Name Origin Inser on Blood Supply Innerva on Spinal Levels Ac on Walking Gait Flexor Digi Minimi base of MT V lateral side of base of 5th proximal phalanx lateral plantar artery lateral plantar nerve S2, S3 assist to flex 5th digit (Layer 3) Medial head: tendon of bialis posterior Lateral head: Flexor Hallucis Brevis medial & lateral plantar plantar surgace of the cuboid n8 Medial plantar nerve S1, S2 assist to flex 1st digit (Layer 3) arteries adjacent surface of the lateral cuneiform Transverse: plantar ligaments of lateral 3 toes Adductor Hallucis associated deep transverse MT Medial & lateral plantar Lateral side of base of 1st proximal phalanx Lateral plantar nerve S2, S3 Adduc on of 1st digit (Layer 3) ligaments arteries Oblique: MT II-IV bases Loading response, mid- stance & terminal stance: lateral plantar nerve: ac ng to flex digits to S2, S3 abduct digits II-IV maintain firm contact with Dorsal Interossei Adjacent sides of their respec ve Extensor hoods & bases of the proximal branches of arcuate artery 1st & 2nd: S2, S3 extension at the IP joints substrate by: (Layer 4) MT bones phalanges of digits II-IV -also deep fibular Flexion of the MTP joints -helping to resist over nerve S2, S3 extension at MTP joints -helping to resist over flexion at IP joints Loading response, mid- stance & terminal stance: ac ng to flex digits to Medial side of corresponding proximal adduct digits III-V maintain firm contact with Plantar Interossei Medial sides of MT III-V phalanx lateral plantar artery Lateral plantar nerve S2, S3 extension at the IP joints substrate by: (Layer 4) associated extensor hood flexion of the MTP joints -helping to resist over extension at MTP joints -helping to resist over flexion at IP joints Superficial Shoulder Muscles ALL ANTERIOR RAMI!!!!!!!!!! UPPER Muscle Name Origin Inser on Blood Supply Innerva on Spinal Levels Ac on upper fibers: prime mover of scapular eleva on extend head & neck superior nuchal line upper 1/3: -occurs with a fixed scapula external occipital protuberance occipital artery motor: accessory during abduc on above superior edge of scapular spine SCALENES= pulls C1 - C7: vertebra via ligamentum middle 1/3: nerve (CN XI) horizontal plane: Trapezius acromion process CN XI (C1 - C5) ribs 1 & 2 nuchae transverse cervical artery sensory: anterior -raises & laterally rotates the posterior border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle superiorlly, same spinous processes of C7 to T12 lower 1/3: rami of C3 & C4 scapula (spinous ligament) dorsal scapular artery middle fibers: side bending, retracts the scapula opposite rota on. lower fibers: (anterior scalene= depress scapula flex) (posterior scalene= ext) central (multi pennate) fibers: abduct arm at GH joint inferior edge of scapular spine anterior & posterior post 15° lateral acromion margin circumflex humeral arteries anterior fibers: Deltoid deltoid tuberosity on the humerus axillary nerve C5, C6 anterior border of lateral 1/3 of branches of flex arm at GH joint clavicle thoracoacromial artery medially rotate arm at GH joint posterior fibers: extend arm at GH joint laterally rotate arm at GH joint dorsal scapular elevate scapula nerve: C5 Levator Scapulae transverse processes of C1 to C4 posterior surface of medial scapular border transverse cervical artery C3, C4, C5 -ac ng with trapezius SCM= opposite anterior rami of C3, rota on, same side C4 flexion retrac on at the medial border spinous processes of T2 - T5 posterior inferior surface of medial scapula Rhomboid Major dorsal scapular artery dorsal scapular nerve C4, C5 of the scapula intervening supraspinous ligament border assist to elevate scapula retrac on at the medial border spinous processes of C7 - T1 Rhomboid Minor posterior surface of medial scapular border dorsal scapular artery dorsal scapular nerve C4, C5 of the scapula lower ligamentum nuchae assist to elevate scapula Rotator Cuff Muscles Muscle Name Origin Inser on Blood Supply Innerva on Spinal Levels Ac on holds humeral head in place ini ates first 15° of abduc on most superior facet on greater tubercle of the suprascapular artery Supraspinatus supraspinous fossa suprascapular nerve C5, C6 of the humerus humerus dorsal scapular artery assists deltoid a er 15° abduc on holds humeral head in place infraspinous fossa middle posterior facet on greater tubercle of suprascapular artery Infraspinatus suprascapular nerve C5, C6 lateral rota on of humerus at overlying deep fascia the humerus circumflex scapular arteries the GH joint hold humeral head in place posterior circumflex laterally rotate humerus in inferior posterior facet on greater tubercle of Teres Minor middle lateral scapular border humeral artery axillary nerve C5, C6 glenoid cavity the humerus circumflex scapular arteries weak humeral adductor -pulls arm ghtly against trunk hold humeral head in place subscapular artery upper & lower Subscapularis subscapular fossa lesser tubercle of the humerus C5, C6, C7 medially rotate humerus in suprascapular artery subscapular nerves glenoid cavity Upper Limb Muscles Muscle Name Origin Inser on Blood Supply Innerva on Spinal Levels Ac on medial rota on of the humerus assists to extend humerus thoracodorsal artery posterior surface of inferior angle of lower subscapular -with la ssimus dorsi Teres Major medial lip of intertubercle sulcus posterior circumflex C5, C6, C7 the scapula nerve -only when resistance is present humeral artery -generally from flexed posi on weak adductor spinous processes of last 6