Human Anatomy - BIO 11 - Lab Unit 2 - Muscle List PDF

Human Anatomy--BIO 11 Irvine Valley College Lab Unit 2 N= name of muscle I= Insertion O= origin A= action Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior thorax--moveme...

Human Anatomy--BIO 11 Irvine Valley College Lab Unit 2 N= name of muscle I= Insertion O= origin A= action Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior thorax--movements of the scapula N Trapezius O Occipital bone, spines of C7 and all Thoracic vertebrae I spine and acromion of scapula, lateral clavicle A Elevates, rotates, retracts, and depresses scapula N Latissimus dorsi O Via thoracolumbar fascia, the spinous processes of T7-T12, ribs 8-12, iliac crest I intertubercular groove of humerus A Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm (“swimmer’s muscle”) N Serratus anterior O Ribs 1-8 I anterior aspect of medial (vertebral) border of scapula A Protracts and rotates scapula superiorly (“boxer’s muscle”) N Pectoralis minor O ribs 3,4,5 I coracoid process of scapula A Protracts and depresses scapula N Rhomboids (major and minor) O spinous process of C7-T5 I medial border of scapula A Elevates and retracts scapula; inferior rotation of scapula Deep Muscles of the Thorax: Breathing N External intercostals A raises ribs for inspiration N Internal intercostals A Depresses ribs for forced expiration  Human Anatomy--BIO 11 Irvine Valley College Lab Unit 2 N Diaphragm (innervated by phrenic nerve: " C3, C4, C5- keeps the diaphragm alive") O cartilages of lowest ribs, lumbar vertebrae I central tendon A Prime muscle of inspiration (flattens on contraction) Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus N Supraspinatus O supraspinous fossa of scapula I greater tubercle of the humerus A Abducts humerus N Infraspinatus O infraspinous fossa I greater tubercle of the humerus A Adducts and lateral rotation of humerus N Subscapularis O subscapular fossa of scapula I lesser tubercle of humerus A medial rotation of humerus Teres Major N O Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula I lesser tubercle of humerus A (synergist to latissimus dorsi) extends, adducts and medially rotates arm Teres Minor (synergist to infraspinatus) N O lateral border of scapula I greater tubercle of humerus A Adducts and lateral rotation of humerus N Pectoralis major O clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 I Intertubercular groove of humerus A Flexes, adducts and medially rotates arm  Human Anatomy--BIO 11 Irvine Valley College Lab Unit 2 N Deltoid O clavicle, acromion and scapular spine I deltoid tuberosity of humerus A Flex & medially rotate; Abducts; extend and laterally rotate humerus Muscles Crossing elbow joint--flexion and extension of forearm N Biceps brachii O supraglenoid tubercle; coracoid process I radial tuberosity A Flexes arm & flexes forearm N Brachialis O distal anterior humerus I coronoid process of ulna A Flexes forearm N Triceps brachii O Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula & posterior humerus I olecranon process of the ulna A Extends forearm; Extends & adducts arm N Brachioradialis O lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus I styloid process of radius A Flexes forearm Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers Special note: Flexor and extensor retinaculum: These are not muscles, rather, connective tissue straps around wrist ("retainers"). These "wrist bands" keep tendons from bulging outward when their respective muscles are contracted. Anterior compartment: N Pronator teres O medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid process of ulna I lateral radius A Pronates forearm Human Anatomy--BIO 11 Irvine Valley College Lab Unit 2 N Flexor carpi radialis O medial epicondyle of humerus I Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals- tendon easily seen to guide taking pulse of radial artery A Flexes wrist; abducts hand N Palmaris longus O medial epicondyle of humerus I Flexor retinaculum & palmar aponeurosis A weak flexor of wrist N Flexor carpi ulnaris O medial epicondyle of humerus I Pisiform and hamate and fith metacarpal A flexes wrist, adducts hand Posterior Compartment: Special Note: Brachioradialis: This is a muscle that originates well up in the arm, travels posteriorly, yet can be readily seen on the anterior-lateral surface. N Extensor carpi radialis (longus & brevis) O Supracondylar ridge and Lateral epicondyle of humerus I Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal A Extends and abducts wrist N Extensor digitorum O lateral epicondyle of the humerus I distal & middle phalanges of digits 2-5 A Extends digits 2-5 and wrist N extensor digiti minimi (“lateralis” in cat) A extends 5th digit and wrist N Extensor carpi ulnaris O lateral epicondyle of humerus I 5th metacarpal A Extends and adducts wrist  Human Anatomy--BIO 11 Irvine Valley College Lab Unit 2 Deep muscles: N Abductor pollicis longus A Abducts thumb N Extensor pollicis brevis A Extends thumb N Extensor pollicis longus A extends thumb Eye- 6 extrinsic eye muscles (move eyeball) These names sound a lot like those of the abdominals! Take care to note the differences in their names! All originate at the “annular ring” deep in the orbit. Be careful about the actions of the two oblique muscles. They turn the eye in a direction you wouldn’t expect! N Superior rectus A Rotates eyeball superiorly and medially (elevates and adducts) N Inferior rectus A Rotates eyeball inferiorly and medially (depresses and adducts) N Medial rectus A Rotates eyeball medially (adducts) N Lateral rectus A Rotates eyeball laterally (abducts) N Superior oblique A Rotates eyeball inferiorly and laterally (depresses and abducts) N Inferior oblique A Rotates eyeball superiorly and laterally (elevates and abducts) Muscles of the abdominal wall: trunk movements and compression of abdominal viscera Special note: Linea alba : not a muscle, a connective tissue line running vertically; "white line"  Human Anatomy--BIO 11 Irvine Valley College Lab Unit 2 N Rectus abdominis O Superior surface of pubis near symphysis I Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process A Flexes vertebral column N External oblique O inferior 8 ribs I linea alba and iliac crest A Flexion and rotation of vertebral column; lateral flexion N Internal oblique O Lumbar fascia; inguinal ligament; iliac crest I inferior 4 ribs; linea alba; pubic crest A Flexion and rotation of vertebral column; lateral flexion N Transversus abdominis O iliac crest, cartilages of inferior 6 ribs I linea alba and pubic crest A Flexion of vertebral column; lateral flexion Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression Special Note: Epicranius: Bipartite muscle consisting of a frontal belly and occipital belly attched by galea aponeurotica (an aponeurosis, which is a sheet of connective tissue; a flat tendon) N Frontal belly A raises eyebrows N Occipital belly A Retracts scalp Muscles of Mastication N Masseter O zygomatic arch I Coronoid process and ramus of mandible A Prime mover of jaw closure; elevates and protracts mandible  Human Anatomy--BIO 11 Irvine Valley College Lab Unit 2 N Temporalis A Elevates and retracts mandible Facial muscles of Expression N Zygomaticus (major and minor) A elevates corners of mouth, smiling muscle N Levator labii superioris A Raises upper lip N Risorius A Draws corner of lip laterally; synergist to zygomaticus N Orbicularis oculi A Closes eye N Orbicularis oris A Compresses and purses lips; kissing/whistling muscle N Buccinator A Compresses cheek (for whistling and sucking) Muscles of the anterior neck and throat: Swallowing N Sternothyroid O manubrium I thyroid cartilage A Depresses thyroid cartilage (of larynx) N Sternohyoid O manubrium and clavicle I hyoid bone A Depresses hyoid N Thyrohyoid O thyroid cartilage I Hyoid bone A Depresses hyoid & elevates larynx Human Anatomy--BIO 11 Irvine Valley College Lab Unit 2 N Digastric “two bellies” O Mandible and mastoid process I By a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone A depress mandible; elevates hyoid bone N Mylohyoid O Mandible I Hyoid A Elevates hyoid Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column: Head Movements and Trunk Extension N Sternocleidomastoid O manubrium of sternum, clavicle I mastoid process A Singly, rotates head to opposite shoulder; together, flexes head N Erector Spinae- iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis muscles A Prime mover of back extension; maintains posture Muscles Crossing the Hip and Knee Joints: Movements of the thigh and leg Special Note: Iliopsoas: (don't pronounce the "p"). You must look inside the abdominal cavity to see it. (On beef, it's the filet mignon!) Part of the Iliopsoas complex (Illiacus and Psoas Major) N Psoas major O lumbar vertebrae I lesser trochanter of the femur A Prime mover in thigh flexion N Iliacus O Iliac fossa I lesser trochanter of the femur A Prime mover in thigh flexion N Sartorius O anterior superior iliac spine I tibia A Flexes and laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee Human Anatomy--BIO 11 Irvine Valley College Lab Unit 2 The Thigh Adductors N Adductor longus O pubis near pubic symphysis I linea aspera A Adducts, flexes thigh N Adductor magnus (= "adductor femoris" in cats) O ischium and pubis I linea aspera of femur A Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh N Pectineus O pubis I posterior femur A Adducts, flexes thigh N Gracilis O pubis I medial tibia A flexes knee; adducts and flexes thigh Anterior Muscles of Thigh - Quadriceps femoris = Group name (composed of 4 muscles) N Rectus femoris O anterior inferior iliac spine I patella and tibial tuberosity A Extends knee and flexes thigh N Vastus lateralis O Greater trochanter & linea aspera I patella and tibial tuberosity A Extends knee N Vastus medialis O linea aspera I patella and tibial tuberosity A Extends knee Human Anatomy--BIO 11 Irvine Valley College Lab Unit 2 N Vastus intermedius O anterolateral femur I patella and tibial tuberosity A Extends knee N Tensor fasciae latae O iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine I iliotibial tract-The fascia lata that ensheathes all the muscles of the thigh A Steadies trunk on thigh Posterior Muscles of Thigh N Gluteus maximus O ilium, sacrum, coccyx I gluteal tuberosity of femur A Major extensor of thigh; laterally rotates thigh N Gluteus medius O ilium I greater trochanter of the femur A Abduction and medial thigh rotation Lower Leg Movements- 3 muscles called Hamstrings. These are located on posterior thigh and have the same actions. N Semimembranosus O ischial tuberosity I medial condyle of tibia A Extends thigh, flexes knee; medially rotates thigh N Semitendinosus O ischial tuberosity I proximal medial surface of tibia A Extends thigh, flexes knee; medially rotates thigh N Biceps femoris O ischial tuberosity and femur I fibula A Extends thigh, flexes knee; laterally rotates thigh Human Anatomy--BIO 11 Irvine Valley College Lab Unit 2 Muscles of the Leg: Movements of the ankle and Toe: Special Note: Triceps Surae: -Large superficial muscle- 2 parts; Common insertion: via Achilles tendon onto calcaneous (gastrocnemius and soleus). N Gastrocnemius O medial and lateral condyles of femur I via calcaneal (achilles) tendon onto calcaneus A plantarflexes foot; flexes lower leg N Soleus O head of fibula and tibia I calcaneal tendon onto calcaneous A Plantarflexes foot N Tibialis anterior O lateral condyle and tibial shaft I medial cuneiform and first metatarsals A Prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts foot N Fibularis longus O head of fibula I First metatarsal and medial cuneiform A Plantarflexion and foot eversion