Folklike Germany Customs & Traditions PDF

Folklike Germany: Customs and Traditions 04000012 - Essentials of German Studies: Folklike Germany (3ETCS) Faculty of Arts, University of Würzburg Lecturer: Luise Stark Mail: lui...

Folklike Germany: Customs and Traditions 04000012 - Essentials of German Studies: Folklike Germany (3ETCS) Faculty of Arts, University of Würzburg Lecturer: Luise Stark Mail: [email protected] Today Introduction Why we have/ need tradition? analytical levels of traditions and customs seminar overview, topics examination requirements Round of introductions Name (optional: pronouns ) study backround (courses, research interests, mobility) expectations for the course Why we have/ need tradition? What do you think? Why we have/ need tradition? „old“ everyday practice keep (moral) values communication economic form performance Why we have/ need tradition? „old“ everyday practice keep (moral) values communication economic form performance traditions and customs are points of negotiation.  analytical levels of traditions and customs File:Offenburger hexen offenburg fasent fasnet.jpg - Wikimedia C Historical perspective + Everday practice File:Ravensburg Fastnacht 1877 Faschingszeitung Titel.jpg - Wikimedia Commons File:Fastnacht in Luzern. 2012-02-20 15-33-19.jpg - Wikimedia Commons  In Bavaria, Krampus Catches the Naughty | The New York Times - YouTube Oktoberfest Fail Compilation || CopyCatChannel - YouTube analytical levels of traditions and customs Historical perspective + Everday practice traditions and costums change their meaning and importance over time. seminar programme 16.10.2024 Introduction, seminar overview 23.10.2024 secular / national festivities 30.10.2024 individual festivities DIGITAL SESSION 06.11.2024 Fastnacht/Fasching/Karneval 13.11.2024 Lent / Easter and Whitsun 20.11.2024 Buß- und Bettag 27.11.2024 Innovation and tradition: german arts and crafts 04.12.2024 Oktoberfest/Volksfest/ Fair 11.12.2024 Advent season and Christmas 18.12.2024 Exam group activity Which feast days and festivities do you know? Examination requirements Conditions for obtaining 3 ECTS: regular attendance session minutes exam (90 min.) session minutes = 6 session minutes lecture slides -> wuecampus Not everything will be on the slides. Please ask your fellow students for help and their notes. session minutes Same questions every session 1. What topic did we discuss and in classical way which way was the session structured? 2. Which aspects did you find particularly interesting? You send me no less than 6 3. What questions came to your protocols (1 page per session) OR mind during the lecture? till 18th December at [email protected]. After each session, you send me ½ - 1 page with the answered questions until Monday at [email protected]. -> Questions will be included in the next lesson. exam 90 min multiple choice questions Any questions? Folklike Germany: Customs and Traditions secular / national festivities 04000012 - Essentials of German Studies: Folklike Germany (3ETCS) Faculty of Arts, University of Würzburg Lecturer: Luise Stark Mail: [email protected] Today summary last session 1. natural year 2. christian calendar/ liturgical year 3. official feast days 4. pre-christian/pagan backround 5. secular / national festivities 1. Tag der Arbeit 2. Tag der Deutschen Einheit German Unity Day 3. Volkstrauertag Why we have/ need tradition? „old“ everyday practice keep (moral) values Communication economic form performance Traditions and customs are points of negotiation.  analytical levels of traditions and customs File:Offenburger hexen offenburg fasent fasnet.jpg - Wikimedia C Historical perspective + Everday practice File:Ravensburg Fastnacht 1877 Faschingszeitung Titel.jpg - Wikimedia Commons File:Fastnacht in Luzern. 2012-02-20 15-33-19.jpg - Wikimedia Commons analytical levels of traditions and customs Historical perspective + Everday practice Traditions and costums change their meaning and importance over time. Examination requirements Conditions for obtaining 3 ECTS: regular attendance session minutes exam (90 min.) group activity Which feast days and festivities do you know? Open questions? What year? Astronomical: orbital period Calendar: Gregorian calendar (October 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII) 4 seasons: winter, spring, summer, autumn Influences on the feast days Christian history Celebrating the life of the Son of God Jesus Catholic holidays Protestant Holidays Pagan background? Recent German History First World War Second World War Germany's Partition German reunification Feiertag Holiday in 2023 Public holiday in the following federal states: Neujahr 01.01.2023 throughout Germany Heilige Drei Könige Epiphany 06.01.2023 Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Sachsen-Anhalt Internationaler Frauentag International Women's Day 08.03.2023 Berlin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Karfreitag Good Friday 07.04.2023 throughout Germany Ostersonntag Easter Sunday 09.04.2023 Brandenburg Ostermontag Easter Monday 10.04.2023 throughout Germany Tag der Arbeit International Workers' Day 01.05.2023 throughout Germany Christi Himmelfahrt Ascension Day 18.05.2023 throughout Germany Pfingstsonntag Whit Sunday 28.05.2023 Brandenburg Pfingstmontag Whit Monday 29.05.2023 throughout Germany Fronleichnam Corpus Christi 08.06.2023 Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland Augsburger Friedensfest Augsburg Peace Festival 08.08.2023 Augsburg Mariä Himmelfahrt Assumption Day 15.08.2023 Saarland Weltkindertag World Children's Day 20.09.2023 Thüringen Tag der deutschen Einheit German Unity Day 03.10.2023 throughout Germany Reformationstag Reformation Day 31.10.2023 Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Sachsen, Sachsen- Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein,Thüringen Allerheiligen All Saints' Day 01.11.2023 Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland Buß- und Bettag Day of Prayer and Repentance 22.11.2023 Sachsen 1. Weihnachtsfeiertag Christmas Day 25.12.2023 throughout Germany 2. Weihnachtsfeiertag Boxing Day 26.12.2023 throughout Germany pre-christian/pagan backround? Christmas: Origin: celebration of the winter solstice (ancient Egyptians: 21 December/ ancient Romans: 25 December/ Germanic tribes) winter solstice is the longest night of the year Jesus as „the light“, like the sun god Sol or the light god Baldur. Not to be mistaken with "light-bringing" Lucifer!  pre-christian/pagan backround? The four seasonal festivals: Ostara, Frühjahrestagundnachtgleiche spring solstice Litha, Sommersonnenwende summer solstice Mabon, Herbsttagundnachtgleiche autumn solstice Jul, Wintersonnenwende winter solstice Beginning of spring EASTER = OSTARA CULT? There are no traditions that prove a festival like Ostara in the Celtic cultural area. The bunny as a symbol of fertility. The egg as a symbol of fertility. Any questions? secular / national festivities International Workers' Day 01.05.2024 public holiday in Germany Origin: 1886: North American labour movement called for a general strike to enforce the eight-hour day ▪ 1 May = moving day/ deadline for ending employment contracts ▪ Day of Protest and Remembrance - mass strikes and mass demonstrations focal point for demonstrations by various socialist, communist and anarchist groups Traditions are always reinterpreted and used for one's own purposes! International Workers' Day official public holiday in Nazi Germany 1933: Nationaler Feiertag des deutschen Volkes – after destruction of the free trade unions (Gewerkschaften) -> reinterpretation of Labour Day 1946 confirmed by Allied Control Authority Alliierter Kontrollrat: Tag der Arbeit Tag des Friedens und der Völkerversöhnung „Day of peace and reconciliation between people” (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Feiertag aller arbeitenden Menschen „Public holiday of all working people” (Hessen) between 1949 and 1989 in East Germany (DDR) "Internationaler Kampf- und Feiertag der Werktätigen für Frieden und Sozialismus" - International day of 'action' and celebration of working people for peace and socialism 1 May was probably the most important and most elaborate public holiday unofficial obligation for every citizen referred to the traditions of the international labour movement organisation of the celebrations, which included military marches, sports and music performances International Workers' Day Today: mainly trade unions demonstrate in major cities such as Berlin and Hamburg, radicalised autonomous groups also use the day since the pandemic: Querdenker, corona deniers, conspiracy theorists Querdenker, Autonome & viel Polizei: 1. Mai-Demo in Berlin eskaliert | stern TV - YouTube Auseinandersetzungen bei Demonstration in Kreuzberg - YouTube Tag der Deutschen Einheit German Unity Day 03.10.2024 public holiday was designated in the German Reunification Treaty 1990 only holiday under federal law fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, November 9 -> not possible as national holiday, because of the date similarity with the November pogroms of 1938 DDR and BRD Nazi-Germany lost the second world war 1945: Potsdam Agreement Potsdamer Abkommen agreement between the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union (Allies of World War II) war reparations to be paid by Germany political and geographical reorganization of Germany demilitarization treatment of German war criminals DDR and BRD BDR Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) occupied by US–UK– French liberal democracy DDR German Democratic Republic (GDR) Part of the Soviet Union https://d1g9li960vagp7.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/DDR_und_BRD_Karte-1024x576.jpg described itself as a socialist "workers' and citizens started to leave the GDR peasants' state“ -> BUT turns out as a repressive inner German border become Todesstreifen and totalitarian regime Travel was usually not allowed Fall of the Berlin Wall: 09 November 1989 The Berlin Wall: A stroke of fate that changed history | Focus on Europe - YouTube File:West and East Germans at the Brandenburg Gate in 1989.jpg - Wikipedia Celebrations ceremonial act citizens' festival ecumenical church service Bürgerfest act of state hosted by the state capital, in the German state presiding over the Bundesrat Bürgerfest zum Tag der Deutschen Einheit in Erfurt - YouTube Volkstrauertag "people's day of mourning" 17.11.2024 1919: proposed by German War Graves Commission Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge for German soldiers killed in the First World War 1934–45 Heldengedenktag Since 1950ies: two Sundays before the first day of Advent commemorates members of the armed forces of all nations and civilians who died in armed conflicts, to include victims of violent oppression Volkstrauertag: Gedenken an Opfer von Kriegen und NS-Dikatur - YouTube central ceremony takes place in the German Bundestag a speech and a word by the German President in the presence of the chancellor, the cabinet and the diplomatic corps musical accompaniment Gedenkstunde im Bundestag zum Volkstrauertag - YouTube Any questions? Folklike Germany: Customs and Traditions Individual festivities 04000012 - Essentials of German Studies: Folklike Germany (3ETCS) Faculty of Arts, University of Würzburg Lecturer: Luise Stark Mail: [email protected] Today This is a digital session: Complete all six tasks and our questions from last week send them to me as part of open questions the session minutes or protocols. individual festivities 1.birthday 2.wedding 3.confirmation versus jugendweihe SKIP SUMMARY… Your questions: How do people in Germany usually celebrate the first of May like are there any traditions there what people are doing?(not those demonstrations etc more like festivities) paid day off Except gastronomy, hospital care etc. (special payment, shorter opening hours ) There are no special activities. Spend time at home Visiting family Go hiking „I want to know why each state in Germany has different public holidays.“ Germany -> federal state sixteen states/ Bundesländer every state has its own state government Bundesländer make decisions on: for example prison system, public assembly law, shop closing times, hospitality law, amusement arcades/exhibition, trade fairs, exhibitions, markets, agricultural land transactions and leaseholds, land consolidation, sports-, leisure- and "social" noise, salaries, most of the higher education law, university construction, general legal conditions of the press Your questions: “Do slavic paganism and norse [german] paganism have a lot in common? What are the main differences? “ Germanic peoples had no written culture Roman authors coined the term "Germanic" as a collective term for certain peoples in northern and central Europe. Peoples and tribes concerned did not themselves feel a sense of belonging together. These days: Archaeologists interpret excavations to understand the everyday life of the peoples PAGANISM: Christian perspective: any kind of belief, apart from Judaism and Christianity Remnants of pagan rituals can be found in today's customs. But these differ so much from region to region that it is not possible to make a holistic comparison. BUT: History is a political tool The idea that paganism is the “original religion” was intended to create a sense of identity in times of crisis. National Socialist ideologies were built on this. Your questions: How had people from the East to adjust after the „Mauerfall“ and how hard do they feel the impact in todays daily life? The fall of the Berlin Wall freed people from a dictatorship Families were reunited Not much has changed in West Germany, except that West German states pay equalisation payments to the new states. After reunification, the former DDR had to switch from a planned economy to a market economy. In terms of wage levels, economic strength, research and innovation, eastern Germany has lagged behind western Germany since reunification. Most large German companies have their headquarters in the West. In addition, many companies in the East belong to West German or foreign groups. Today: prejudices (grey GDR = east germany versus colourful FRG = west germany ) East Germans are taken for fools are discriminated against because of their dialect They lost their jobs after reunification, had to retrain, couldn't save money  Do they have some extra traditions which exist only in the east of Germany we should know about? Maybe like Trachten in Bavaria. There are no traditions from the former DDR. People were happy to have been liberated from the totalitarian regime. Traditional costumes exist everywhere and are older than state regimes. Trachten are rural work clothes in general. Your questions: Survivors Remember Kristallnacht: Susan (Strauss) Taube - YouTube Kristallnacht : 09.11.1938 Night of Broken Glass/ November pogrom(s) 7. - 13. 11. 1938 pogrom against Jews Pogrom: violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group Over 7,000 Jewish businesses were damaged or destroyed 30,000 Jewish men were arrested / incarcerated in concentration camps mark the transition from the discrimination of German Jews from 1933 onwards to their systematic banishment and oppression. No "spontaneous popular anger“ reaction to the murder of a German diplomat by a Jew – part of the legal "Aryanisation“(spring 1938 ) expropriation of Jewish property and Jewish businesses to finance the rearmament of the Wehrmacht individual festivities Birthday Birthday day of birth will be celebrated every year celebrated together with family and friends children's birthday parties are often held separately Person is given presents https://www.instagram.com/r 1. Watch this clip. What eel/Csq3g6JNUR2/?utm_sour special characteristics ce=ig_web_copy_link&igshid= can be identified about MzRlODBiNWFlZA== birthdays in Germany? Birthday 2. What happens in the videos? What practices do you notice? Are there Special birthdays: comparable traditions in your 18 - officially adult country? all birthdays in ten intervals 25/30 - if unmarried: Treppenfegen sweeping stairs (male) Lars wird 30 - muß fegen - YouTube / Klinkenputzen cleaning door handles (female) Sockenkranz (male)/Schachtelkranz ALTE SCHACHTEL - YouTube(female) The wreath of box is the replacement for the green wreath used as a bridal decoration at the wedding, which the woman receives for her wedding if she marries before her 25th birthday. Instead of the evergreen myrtle, it consists of boxes. These boxes symbolise the recipient, who thus becomes an old box. Wedding Wedding celebrates the beginning of a marriage depending on the respective religious, legal and cultural framework conditions https://www.brigitte.de/li ebe/hochzei t/hochzei tsbraeuche --die-schoensten-traditionen- of a society 11066266.html religious and secular rites, ceremonies The festivities depend on the couple's income and the size of their group of family and friends. Wedding fairs take place all year round. Hochzeitevents (just-married.de) Wedding 1 October 2017: same-sex couples have the right to marry https://www.faz.net/aktuell/gesell schaft /menschen/ehe -fuer-alle-65-600- CSU (party that only exists in Bavaria) in particular considered gl eichgeschlecht liche-ehen-sei t-2017-in-deut schland-18150491.html taking legal action against the liberalisation of marriage commissioned two professors with a constitutional and a comparative law report Conclusion: the democratically legitimised legislator may open up marriage to same-sex partnerships without violating the Basic Law. CSU, as the Bavarian state government, refrained from appealing to the Federal Constitutional Court against the law to open up marriage Wedding 1 October 2017: same-sex couples have the right to marry 1968 the GDR/ 1969 FRG decriminalised consensual same-sex https://www.faz.net/aktuell/gesell schaft /menschen/ehe -fuer-alle-65-600- intercourse between adult men gl eichgeschlecht liche-ehen-sei t-2017-in-deut schland-18150491.html In the 1980s, the ban on marriage for same-sex couples was increasingly criticized. Lebenspartnerschaftsgesetz Civil Partnership Act 2001 conferred the right to enter into a registered civil partnership but without granting all the rights of marriage (for example, there was no right to joint adoption) provided for far-reaching adjustments, for example in tax and civil service law CDU/CSU parties blocked the Act, which required the approval of the Bundesrat, so that same-sex couples were initially denied certain consequential rights. Civil partnerships were given more and more rights 30 June 2017: Bundestag's Legal Affairs Committee dealt with the Bundesrat's draft for the liberalisation of marriage and recommended that the plenary session adopt it. legislative proposal received 393 votes in favour, 226 against, 4 abstentions and 7 votes were not cast. Wedding diverse social and private law contracts - civil marriage Jungesellenabschied Bachelor party Polterabend https://www.brigitte.de/li ebe/hochzei t/hochzei tsbraeuche --die-schoensten-traditionen- 11066266.html night before the wedding guests break porcelain to the house of the bride "shards bring luck“ to the couple's marriage 3. What happens in the videos? Polterabend Hochzeit, a German What practices do you notice? Wedding Tradition of SMASHING Are there comparable traditions PORCELAIN! - YouTube in your country? Wedding statistics Civil wedding (standesamtliche Trauung): Only then are you married in the eyes of the law. 2018: 449 466 https://www.destatis.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2022/04/PD22_181_126.html Catholic wedding 2018:42 789 Protestant wedding 2018: 42 987 https://www.herder.de/cig/cig-ausgaben/archiv/2019/31-2019/mehr-paare-heiraten-aber-nicht-kirchlich/ Wedding games Cutting out a heart Tree trunk sawing https://www.hochzeitsportal24.de/ratgeber/hochzeit sgeschenk-leintuch/ https://www.ssh-party- team.de/mobile_discothek/hochzeitsbraeuche_holzsaegen_dscf2424.jpg is performed after the wedding ceremony in the registry https://www.1000momente.de/wp- office or church content/uploads/2017/10/Hochzeit sherz-zum-Ausschneiden- 1001.jpg have to saw a tree trunk together with the help of a blunt saw blade Competition: Whoever has cut out tree trunk as their first task in married life their half first has the power in this marriage. 4. What could that be? https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ff/82/41/ff82419d60f8c1626db4441ae7943119.jpg Confirmation vs Jugendweihe? Confirmation vs Jugendweihe? coming-of-age ceremonies Age: 14 years old - End of school, beginning of working life until the end of the school year was moved to the summer compulsory schooling was extended Different types of preparation celebration festive clothing family is invited gifts were traditionally based on the transition to adulthood Firmung-Confirmation-Jugendweihe Different types of preparation Catholic Protestant Non-religious FIRMUNG KONFIRMATION JUGENDWEIHE Part of cultural and political conflicts.  5. Click through the videos. (you don't Confirmation have to watch it all.) What do you notice? Firmung (Sacramentum confirmationis) Konfirmation Catholic Church Protestant churches, in the New Apostolic Church, the Apostolic Fellowship is the continuation of Baptism solemn public profession of faith – no sacraments! Baptism + First Communion (Erstkommunion) + Firmung -> forms the sacraments of Christian initiation presupposes baptism between twelve and sixteen years - maturity needed to understand religious confession Video: Konfirmation 2020 in Zierenberg - YouTube adopt a new name (biblical character or saint) - securing an additional patron saint as protector and guide takes place within a Holy Mass Video: Firmung 2023 - YouTube Criticism: Young people no longer do it confirmation classes for the faith, but for the cash gifts. formerly customary memorisation of catechism texts, Bible verses Meine Konfirmation mit den besten and spiritual songs has been receding more and more Freunden / Familie und super tolle Geschenke - Instead: classical teaching, visits or internships, offering YouTube accompaniment during a phase of puberty Jugendweihe/ Jugendfeier secular coming-of-age ceremony Free Religious / Free Thinker Origin first appeared in 1852 proposal by Eduard Baltzer wanted to express rejection Christian terms organised culturally based moral instruction for their children was later adopted by the labour movement Jugendweihe/ Jugendfeier form since the 1890s lecture on the free-spirited world view remembrance sheets Erinnerungsblätter vow Gelöbnis commemorative book Gedenkbuch songs and recitations accompanied the ceremony. Jugendweihe during time During the Nazi dictatorship freethought movements and many free religious congregations were banned no general ban on Jugendweihen or confirmations National Socialists developed their own forms of consecrations and celebrations „Schulentlassungsfeier“school-leaving ceremony rituals of admission to the Hitlerjugend Hitler Youth (boys) or Bund Deutscher Mädel League of German Girls (girls combined in opposition to confirmation as National Socialist Jugendweihe -> „Verpflichtung der Jugend“ "obligation of youth". Jugendweihe during time after the Second World War no importance in West Germany political instrument GDR Part of the GDR education system socialist alternative to confirmation - was intended to be a rival to confirmation temporal proximity to Easter and Pentecost denominationally bound young people should also participate 1958 forced event who did not take part: poorer apprenticeships denied admission to extended secondary school (EOS) ban on studying other repressions (family involved) Jugendweihe today different groups organising Jugendweihe Deutschland e. V., Humanistische Verband Deutschland ('the Humanist Association of Germany‘), Freidenkerverband ('the Freethinker Association‘) Arbeiterwohlfahrt ('the Worker Welfare‘) Jugendfeier instead of Jugendweihe Weihe means blessing or consecration insist on non-religious language to disassociate themselves from the tradition of the GDR  Jugendweihe today 6. Click through the video. (you don't have to watch it all.) What do you notice in comparison to the Christian tradition? Jugendweihe 2019 - Wittstock Dosse D1 (WK-tv) - YouTube  Who are organizing Confirmation, Jugendweihe? JW: different groups organising 21 associations in germany Initiative of the parents. Jugendweihe Deutschland e. V., Associations of course Humanistische Verband Deutschland ('the Humanist Association of Germany‘), advertise at schools. Freidenkerverband ('the Freethinker Association‘) Arbeiterwohlfahrt ('the Worker Welfare‘) Konfirmation: EKD – „Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland“ Protestant Church in Germany fellowship of 20 Lutheran, Uniate and Reformed Churches Founded in 1945 Legal form corporation under public law (Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts) Usually, you will be invited Parishes have their own authority to confirmation classes by Firmung: Katholische Kirche Catholic Church the local parish where you Thousand year old hierarchies. are registered. That's all for today! Complete all six tasks and send them to [email protected] as part of the session minutes or protocols. Folklike Germany: Customs and Traditions Fastnacht/Fasching/Karneval 04000012 - Essentials of German Studies: Folklike Germany (3ETCS) Faculty of Arts, University of Würzburg Lecturer: Luise Stark Mail: [email protected] Today summary our questions from last week open questions 1. Fastnacht/Fasching/Karneval in general 2. Fastnacht in Franconia 3. Karneval in Cologne 4. Swabian-Alemannic Fastnacht SUMMARY… Wedding celebrates the beginning of a marriage depending on the respective religious, legal and cultural framework conditions of a society religious and secular rites, ceremonies https://www.brigitte.de/li ebe/hochzei t/hochzei tsbraeuche --die-schoensten-traditionen- 11066266.html Customs should represent the couple's ability to work as a team. https://www.hochzeitsportal24.de/ratgeber/hochzeit sgeschenk-leintuch/ https://www.1000momente.de/wp- https://www.ssh-party- content/uploads/2017/10/Hochzeit sherz-zum-Ausschneiden- team.de/mobile_discothek/hochzeitsbraeuche_holzsaegen_dscf2424.j 1001.jpg pg Firmung-Confirmation-Jugendweihe coming-of-age ceremonies Age: 14 years old - End of school, beginning of working life until the end of the school year was moved to the summer compulsory schooling was extended Different types of preparation Catholic Protestant Non-religious FIRMUNG KONFIRMATION JUGENDWEIHE Part of cultural and political conflicts. Your questions - Birthday But why is the one celebrating their birthday expected to treat others? Why do German people celebrate their birthday by themselves? Is there origin or purpose? Birthday celebrations in Japan are usually celebrated by family and friends, who cook and prepare birthday cakes for the birthday people. In Germany, however, the birthday people prepare them. For me, it is a mystery why the birthday people do all the preparations. No specific reason. Greetings before the date of the birthday is not allowed. How about after the date? Greetings after birthday are allowed. What gave rise to the ceremonies of the unmarried 25-30 year olds? Late marriage did not correspond to moral values. "Punishment" by the social environment. Traditions are passed on to the next generation. -> ‘You have to suffer just like we used to.’ Your questions - Wedding In my country, couples give gifts of their choice to those who attended their wedding, is there such a custom in Germany? Sometimes there are small gifts at the guests' seats to remind them of the wedding. I would like to know, whether there are other typical wedding traditions in Germany than those mentioned in the slide. Car bows Attaching bows to the guests' cars symbolises good luck for the wedding guests and the bride and groom. They are often distributed by the best man after the ceremony. Strictly speaking, the wedding guests are not allowed to take them off themselves. They should wait until they fall off by themselves. Wedding motorcade Similar to the fireworks at the turn of the year, the noise made by honking the horn in the motorcade on the way to the venue is supposed to drive away evil spirits. Relatives or the best man therefore like to attach tin cans to the wedding car for additional noise. Why is porcelain broken on the night before the wedding? Making noise used to scare away evil spirits. Because tableware clinked particularly loudly when it was thrown to the floor, it was used to drive away spirits and thus bring good luck. Your questions – Coming of Age I am confusing about confirmation. According to my understanding, confirmation is a day when people celebrating special days like 14 years birthday, end of school, and beginning of work life. And there are three types of confirmation according to religion. Is it right? Are FIRMUNG, KONFIRMATION, JUGENDWEIHE different name of confirmation or the name of preparation for confirmation? Catholic Protestant Non-religious FIRMUNG KONFIRMATION JUGENDWEIHE Part of cultural and political conflicts. How have historical events, like the division and reunification of Germany, influenced these celebrations?​ ▪ The division of Germany made it possible to build a socialist state. - Jugendweihe is more common in East Germany. Open questions? Fasching, Fastnacht, Karneval Draw a Faschings-, Fastnacht-, Karneval- Gardetanz costume. Parade in the city centre Parade paticipants throw candy at the crowd Mooden masks Witches constume - as ppl used to wear scary costumes to scare the ghosts away Girlandes as a decoration Do some research on the Internet. Draw what you think is important.  https://www.nationalgeographic.de/geschichte-und-kultur/2023/02/wissen-kultur-fakten-ueber-fasching-fastnacht-karneval Fasching, Fastnacht, Karneval Fasching, Fastnacht, Karneval names: Karneval, Fastnacht, Fassenacht, Fasnacht, Fasnet, Fastabend, Fastelovend, Fasteleer Fasching fünfte Jahreszeit fifth season common practices: costuming, parades, music, singing together, celebrating https://twitter.com/tagesschau/status/695164650573406208/photo/1 Fasching, Fastnacht, Karneval Time before the forty days of Lent is always dependent on the date of Easter The carnival period does not count as 2024: a public holiday in Germany. Weiberfastnacht: thursday, 8. february 2024 In carnival hotspots (Cologne or Düsseldorf), many workers are given Rosenmontag: monday, 12. february 2024 - time off on Rose Monday to Shrove Monday parade participate in carnival. Fastnacht: tuesday, 13. february 2024 Aschermittwoch: wednesday, 14. february 2024 BUT: official start – 11. november 2023 Origin stories? „saturnalia“ celtic/ german festivities ancient Roman festival and holiday change from the cold winter half-year to the warm and fertile summer half- in honour of god Saturn yearin honour of god Saturn tried to drive away the winter by dressing up as ghosts, goblins and sinister figures from nature Origin stories? „saturnalia“ celtic/ german festivities ancient Roman festival and holiday change from the cold winter half-year to the warm and fertile summer half- in honour of god Saturn yearin honour of god Saturn tried to drive away the winter by dressing up as ghosts, goblins and sinister figures from nature These theories were particularly popular during the National Socialist era and still persist today. theories not proven another theory: no festivities similar to Fastnacht took place for several centuries emerged in the high and late Middle Ages togehter with Lent Time before the Lent… Fastnacht, Fassenacht, Fasnacht, Fasnet, Fastabend, Fastelovend, Fasteleer Fasching FASTEN = fasting, abstain from sth. Fasching: 'Fastenschank', i.e. the last serving of alcoholic beverages before the Lent period - The last party before the big sacrifice. Karneval: most common assumption is the derivation from the Middle Latin carne levare ('to take away meat') carnelevale - name for Lent as a meatless period Tradition making during political and social upheavals again and again the festivals were banned Times of war Times of occupation only if some kind of tradition could be proven were festivals allowed to be planned - Law is what is historical! bourgeoisie held masquerade balls instead wilde Straßenfastnacht (wild street carnival) did not correspond to the moral concepts of townspeople, governments and the church “Tradition als Existenzsicherung” Tradition as livelihood security bourgeoisie held masquerade balls instead wilde Straßenfastnacht (wild street carnival) did not correspond to the moral concepts of townspeople, governments and the church Consequence: huge numbers of associations and federations were founded. Regionalverbände | Bund Deutscher Karneval (karnevaldeutschland.de) “Tradition als Existenzsicherung” Tradition as livelihood security preserve, conserve adapt, order comment, revolt “Tradition als Existenzsicherung” Tradition as livelihood security preserve, conserve adapt, order traditions values practices values comment, revolt (against) current affairs “Tradition als Existenzsicherung” Tradition as livelihood security differnt types of the same traditions; they are simmilar; but have diiffereny origin stories preserve, conserve FASCHING adapt, order traditions values ? practices FASTNACHT KARNEVAL values comment, revolt (against) current affairs  Zehn Tanzmariechen - zehn Deutsche Fastnacht in Franken Meisterinnen | Fastnacht in Franken 2019 | Veitshöchheim - YouTube has been held in Veitshöchheim since 1988 since 1987 broadcast by BR Fernsehen as a live programme always on the Friday the week before Weiberfastnacht (Thursday) at 7 p.m. successful programme BR television (Bavarian Broadcasting, Public television) Easter/ Ostern Ascension - Ascension Day/Christi Himmelfahrt Followers are seized by the Holy Spirit and begin to retell the life of Jesus. – Whitsun/Pfingsten Lent (14.february 2024 - 30. march 2024) Fastenzeit, Passionszeit forty-day period of fasting and prayer begins on Ash Wednesday, six weeks before Easter is a preparation for the remembrance of Jesus' suffering and death time of transition and purification for Christians Many Christians set aside a lenten sacrifice for this time https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Lent_calendar.svg Easter (31. march 2024) Christians celebrate the feast of the resurrection of Jesus Christ. since the fourth century: a three-day celebration (Triduum Sacrum or Triduum paschale) celebration of the Last Supper on Maundy Thursday (Gründonnerstag) evening Good Friday (Karfreitag) with the commemoration of the suffering and death of Jesus Holy Saturday (Karsamstag), the day of the Lord's burial dawn of the new week on Easter Sunday (Sunday of the Resurrection) always falls on the Sunday after the first full moon of spring Easter Sunday marks the beginning of the Eastertide lasts fifty days up to and including Whitsun During this time, different masses are held in churches. The Easter Mass on sunday is the most important. Whitsun, Pentecost (19. may 2024) Celebrating the sending of the Spirit of God to the followers of Jesus and his permanent presence in the Church “Birthday” the Christian Church – but in contrast to Christmas and Easter: Whitsun is barely part of civil religion in the Western states is the 50th day of the Easter season, 49 days after Easter Sunday Whit Monday is a public holiday in Germany Tag der Ökumene Ecumenism Day: Catholics and Protestants celebrate worship together Connected Customs Lent fasting in itself, as a health-promoting measure abstinence is also a practice in other religions Easter Ostereier Easter eggs Osterritt Easter riding Osterhase Easter bunny Sorbian Easter Customs https://www.so-geht-saechsisch.de/leben- arbeiten/wohnen-in-sachsen/sorbische-ostern Today: The Sorbs are officially recognised as a national minority in Germany. They have an officially recognised flag and anthem in addition to their language. As an indigenous group, the Sorbs often had to withstand appropriation processes over the centuries. Sorbian Easter Customs the decorating of eggs plays a particularly important role there are many special egg-related customs in some regions of Lusatia that can't be found anywhere else Egg decorating dates back to pre-Christian times, was adapted by Christians for Easter and is still practised today Each decoration has a meaning and represents a typical, Sorbian element: Circles and dots symbolically protect humans and animals from demons triangles stand for the divine Trinity dashes are stylised rays of the sun individual elements are used to create elaborate ornaments sun wheel, flowers, diamonds or rosettes https://www.so-geht-saechsisch.de/leben-arbeiten/wohnen-in-sachsen/sorbische-ostern  Sorbian Easter Customs special Sorbian techniques of egg decorating wax batik technique liquid wax is applied to the egg with a trimmed goose feather or a pinhead in the shape of the ornaments egg will be dipped in paint wax will be heated and removed with a cloth wax bossing three-dimensional effect dabs of coloured wax are applied to the egg scratching techniques etching techniques https://www.so-geht-saechsisch.de/leben-arbeiten/wohnen-in-sachsen/sorbische-ostern Der "So geht sächsisch." Bastel-Tipps - Sorbische Ostereier - YouTube  Sorbian Easter riding based on the belief that the harvest can be specially protected by performing rites pre-Christian times: riding around the fields protects the seeds from damage riders and horses are festively decked out, and the animals are additionally abundantly decorated with flowers https://www.so-geht-saechsisch.de/leben-arbeiten/wohnen-in-sachsen/sorbische-ostern Kulturvielfalt Sachsens. Sorbische Bräuche, Kunst und Traditionen. - YouTube  Sorbian Easter riding riders leave the farm with holy water and the saying "God's blessing and a good homecoming“("Bože žohnowanje a dobry nawrót") gather at the church: are provided with flags, crucifix and a statue of the risen Jesus by the parish priest and blessed then ride three laps around the cemetery setting off singing and praying to the neighbouring parish late afternoon: the Easter riders return to their parish for communal prayer and singing riders from the different parishes must be careful not to meet each other during the https://www.so-geht-saechsisch.de/leben-arbeiten/wohnen-in-sachsen/sorbische-ostern ride Kulturvielfalt Sachsens. Sorbische Bräuche, Kunst und Traditionen. - YouTube Eggs Painting and hanging eggs exists in almost every culture Egg as a symbol of origin and fertility - common everywhere Middle Ages: strict period of fasting was observed from Ash Wednesday to Good Friday not allowed to eat eggs BUT: hens continued to lay their eggs eagerly eggs of the last week of Lent collected and stored eggs were boiled to keep them longer dyed red: older eggs could not be mistaken for the fresh ones https://pixabay.com/de/photos/ostern-osterei-zweig-blau-rosa-3985674/  Your question “Are the eggs only for decoration? Egg Decoration Or we can eat them after?” Often the self-painted eggs have been blown out to make them last longer. Eggs can be made of plastic, porcelain, glass, metal. https://www.smarticular.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/osterkoerbchen-basteln-osterkorb-osternest-einfach-selber-machen-upcycling-1-fb-1.jpg https://cdnm.westwing.com/image/upload/v1/contenthub/app/upload s/de/2022/03/30150119/Ostereier-suchen-1.jpg Boiled eggs or chocolate eggs, chocolate bunnies in (homemade) nests are decoration, but they will also be eaten. https://image.schoener-wohnen.de/12620710/t/OY/v7/w1440/r0/-/osterstrauss-forsythien-eier-adobestock-silke-rabung- 259323063-jpg--74319-.jpg Context: Public television journalists report on the TASK 1 Easter egg hunt. Families have gathered in an open-air museum to look for eggs. B) Answer the following Questions: Eiersuchen am Ostersonntag in Where do the people spend München | BR24 - YouTube their time? (Environment, weather, etc.) What clothes do the people wear? Who is looking for the "eggs"? Age Gender(performance) A) Watch the Video What kind of eggs do they „Eiersuchen am collect? Ostersonntag in München“ – They do not only collect eggs, „Easter egg hunt on Easter what else? Sunday in Munich” Easter Bunny also called Easter rabbit or Easter hare BUT: in German you just say Osterhase (easter hare) first mentioned by Georg Franck von Franckenau 1682 De ovis paschalibus - “About Easter eggs” a German tradition – rabbit bringing Easter eggs similarities with Father Christmas deliever gifts over night distinguishes between nice and naughty EASTER Post Card OSTERHASE 1901 https://www.postkarten-paradies.net/historische- Other animals osterkarten/#gallery/8a0847c12bf6f66b9cf79d550d7a3604/420 cuckoo (in some parts of Switzerland Easter fox (Westphalia) it was stork (Thuringia) Rooster (Bohemia) There is no exact classification for the Easter Bunny. Sometimes they look more like hares, sometimes more like rabbits. Rabbit- Kanninchen https://albert-schweitzer-stiftung.de/wp- content/uploads/kaninchen-konradlew-i.jpg Hare - Hase https://naturfotografen- forum.de/data/o/102/513061/image.jpg Bunny – Häschen (belittlement of hare)  https://cropfm.at/resources/hares/09.jpg Origin Story?: Three hares first appeared in motifs of the Chinese Sui dynasty (581- 618) spread to medieval Europe via the Silk Road Symbol of Trinity: God the Father God the Son (Jesus Christ) God the Holy Spirit The spread of the three hares symbol between 600 and 1500 This story is not really proven, but it shows how symbols can overlap in their meanings. The number 3 exists in every culture. The rabbit exists in every culture. The arrangement in the symbol is also similar to others. Triskelion  Origin Story?: hermaphrodite bunnies Hermaphrodite: sexually reproducing organism that produces male and female gametes bunnies could reproduce without loss of virginity -> not true association with the Virgin Mary Nice to Know: Getting pregnant without losing virginity is an important narration to proof Jesus as the son of God. There are different illustrations of how the Holy Spirit is transferred into Mary. The north portal of the Marienkapelle in Würzburg shows the Incarnation of God: From the mouth of God emanates the breath of the Spirit in the form of a tube, which ends with the dove of the Holy Spirit on the left ear of the Mother of God Mary. On this ray, the Son of God slides down to Mary in the form of a small child on her belly, head first. the Immaculate Conception https://img.fotocommunity.com/wuerzburg-marienkapelle-nordtor-5c898b2f-351e-4a8a-a993- 6535b1def8de.jpg?height=1080  Capitalistic Easter Bunny? Context: Incluencer family presents their everyday life on youtube. In this video they film the Easter egg TASK 2 hunt. B) Answer the following Questions: Ostereier suchen Ostern 2016 der Where do the people spend https://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/religion/ostern/osterhasen-110~_v- gseapremiumxl.jpg Osterhase war da Geschenke und viel their time? (Environment, Schokolade Kinderkanal - YouTube weather, etc.) Nice to know: The chocolate What clothes do the people wear? bunny from Lindt is very Who is looking for the "eggs"? famous and also very Age expensive for a chocolate Gender(performance) bunny, but is often given as a A) Watch the Video What kind of eggs do they 00:00-3:00 and 7:30-11:06 gift at Easter. collect? „Ostereier suchen Ostern They do not only collect eggs, 2016 der Osterhase war da what else? Geschenke und viel Schokolade Kinderkanal“ Lindt Gold Bunny UK TV advert - YouTube Any questions? Folklike Germany: Customs and Traditions Innovation and tradition: German arts and crafts 04000012 - Essentials of German Studies: Folklike Germany (3ETCS) Faculty of Arts, University of Würzburg Lecturer: Luise Stark Mail: [email protected] Today summary your questions open questions 1. Folk Art 2. Ore Mountain Wood art Lace making SUMMARY: Eggs Painting and hanging eggs exists in almost every culture Egg as a symbol of origin and fertility - common everywhere Middle Ages: strict period of fasting was observed from Ash Wednesday to Good Friday not allowed to eat eggs BUT: hens continued to lay their eggs eagerly eggs of the last week of Lent collected and stored eggs were boiled to keep them longer dyed red: older eggs could not be mistaken for the fresh ones https://pixabay.com/de/photos/ostern-osterei-zweig-blau-rosa-3985674/  Egg Decoration Often the self-painted eggs have been blown out to make them last longer. Eggs can be made of plastic, porcelain, glass, metal. https://www.smarticular.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/osterkoerbchen-basteln-osterkorb-osternest-einfach-selber-machen-upcycling-1-fb-1.jpg https://cdnm.westwing.com/image/upload/v1/contenthub/app/upload s/de/2022/03/30150119/Ostereier-suchen-1.jpg Boiled eggs or chocolate eggs, chocolate bunnies in (homemade) nests are decoration, but they will also be eaten. https://image.schoener-wohnen.de/12620710/t/OY/v7/w1440/r0/-/osterstrauss-forsythien-eier-adobestock-silke-rabung- 259323063-jpg--74319-.jpg  https://cropfm.at/resources/hares/09.jpg Origin Story?: Three hares first appeared in motifs of the Chinese Sui dynasty (581- 618) spread to medieval Europe via the Silk Road Symbol of Trinity: God the Father God the Son (Jesus Christ) God the Holy Spirit The spread of the three hares symbol between 600 and 1500 This story is not really proven, but it shows how symbols can overlap in their meanings. The number 3 exists in every culture. The rabbit exists in every culture. The arrangement in the symbol is also similar to others. Triskelion  Capitalistic Easter Bunny? Context: Incluencer family presents their everyday life on youtube. In this video they film the Easter egg TASK 2 hunt. B) Answer the following Questions: Ostereier suchen Ostern 2016 der Where do the people spend https://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/religion/ostern/osterhasen-110~_v- gseapremiumxl.jpg Osterhase war da Geschenke und viel their time? (Environment, Schokolade Kinderkanal - YouTube weather, etc.) Nice to know: The chocolate What clothes do the people wear? bunny from Lindt is very Who is looking for the "eggs"? famous and also very Age expensive for a chocolate Gender(performance) bunny, but is often given as a A) Watch the Video What kind of eggs do they 00:00-3:00 and 7:30-11:06 gift at Easter. collect? „Ostereier suchen Ostern They do not only collect eggs, 2016 der Osterhase war da what else? Geschenke und viel Schokolade Kinderkanal“ Lindt Gold Bunny UK TV advert - YouTube Your questions “Is there any specific reason why exactly it was three day between crucifixion and the resurrection of jesus? Deduction of different parts of the Bible discovery of the empty tomb on the "first day of the week" (Bible: Mk 16:2 EU; Mt 28:1 EU; Lk 24:1 EU; Jn 20:1 EU) Jesus' appearance to some of his followers on the evening of the same day (Bible: Lk 24:21 EU) resurrection day followed the Shabbat after Jesus' crucifixion (crucifixion took place in the afternoon on a day of preparation for the Shabbat) Resurrection happened ON the third day, not after three days (72 hours) BUT: there are always different ways of interpretation over time “…Also after how many days he stayed before his ascending? “ The Ascension: Jesus ascended into heaven without dying (again) and without leaving a corpse behind. 40 days passed between the resurrection and the Ascension. (Bible: Acts 1:3.9) Your questions Do all Christians fast and pray for 40 days during Lent? In lent, many Christians set aside a Lenten sacrifice, and I am wondering what a Lenten sacrifice is and why they do it. To the Christian Experts: How did you experience Lent? Your questions “ I wonder how much the Sorbs are in communication with Germany. Are they an entirely separate country, or are they just a part of Germany?” “Why is this a Sorbian tradition and not a German tradition?” NSDAP (Party of the Nazis) had initially tried to integrate the Sorbians into the new structures and to appropriate them for its aims initially allowed the Sorbs to continue their language and folklore cultivation on a reduced way Sorbs should be regarded as a German tribe demands on Domowina (Sorbian organisation) to describe themself in its statute as an association of Wendish-speaking Germans strategy changed after it became clear that the Sorbian organisations were opposed to this As an indigenous group, the Sorbs often had to ban and expropriation banned from all activity on 18 March 1937 withstand appropriation processes over the centuries. Sorbian academics were arrested some active Sorbs were taken to concentration camps Today: The Sorbs are officially recognised as a national organization was expropriated in 1941 minority in Germany. They have an officially recognised flag and anthem in addition to their language. Map of the German Reich, Weimar Republic-Third Reich 1919-1937 Your questions “So only the Christians fast during Lent? Non- Christians do not participate in Lent, Easter and the Whitsun? Or can anyone participate in these events without being a Christian?” “Many German holidays are related to Christianity, is Germany a Christian country?” Christianity as cultural heritage Christian holidays are national holidays Practices take place without faith, have been replaced by other gift-giving rituals  Your questions Except Sorbians, will other Germans decorate eggs? How does the egg get empty? BAYROL – Der Experte für meine Pool- und Whirlpoolwasserpflege (youtube.com) Eier ausblasen - leicht gemacht! / How To Blow Out Eggs / © Probiere das mal aus! (youtube.com) Your questions Are there some traditional foods that are only eaten during the Easter time? During Easter, in addition to seeing the Easter bunny, why do we also see some of the product which being made like the shape of sheep? OSTERLAMM (Agnus Dei) a widespread symbol of Jesus Christ Open questions?  Exam conditions From a Christian perspective: Who is Jesus Christ? multiple choice questions a wizard the cook of Son of God undertaker 4 possible answers the court in 1 correct answers of Herod Jerusalem X 8 sessions: overview festivities during the calendar year individual secular / national festivities The questions at the exams individual festivities Written answers are on this level. Don’t be Fastnacht/Fasching/Karneval from the afraid! If you have Lent / Easter and Whitsun beginning of the summarised the sessions for Innovation and tradition: german arts and crafts sessions are part the protocols, you can answer Oktoberfest/Volksfest/ Fair of the exam! the questions safely. ☺ Advent season and Christmas Folk Art (Volkskunst) sometimes also called local art refers to artistic and creative work beyond the classical or modern arts The distinction between design and craftsmanship only became possible with industrialisation. o The profession of designer emerged o mass production was possible o the craft became less - part of folk culture integrated into traditional handicraft or homemade production Arts and Crafts: Design in a Nutshell (2/6) (youtube.com) Do you recognise typical German folk art? nutcracker cockoo clock wooden masks for Cerneval Erzgebirge/ Ore Mountains Erzgebirge - Seasonal Traditions | Discover Germany (youtube.com) Ore Mountains  Spanbaum Herstellung - Produktion von Spanbäumen im Ore Mountain wood art Erzgebirge (youtube.com) The motifs have a close connection to mining and the working and living environment of hoove animals - why are they crated in an oval, miners. wouldnt it be easier to create a straight string? Classic products: miners' figures, nutcrackers, Christmas angels, candle arches, hoop animals (Reifentiere), smokers, music boxes and winged pyramids. To this day, they are primarily made entirely by hand in small craft workshops by wooden toy makers. Seiffen Erzgebirge Holzkunst & Spielzeug : Klöppelspitze, Nussknacker, Räuchermänner (youtube.com) Erzgebirge/ Ore Mountains Ore mining, which started in Freiberg in the 12th century and spread to large parts of the mountains in the following centuries, relied heavily on the use of mine timber. majority of the population, particularly in the mining towns, worked in mining or in mining-related occupations. When traditions have to be invented... mining was subject to economic fluctuations times of war: mining came to a virtual standstill Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) Seven Years' War (1756-1763) mining as it was no longer profitable after the extraction of the ores near the surface – had to penetrate into ever deeper areas was no longer profitable - led to the cessation of mining as it was no longer profitable some of the deposits were simply exhausted and depleted after centuries of mining In these times of declining and dying mining, the search for additional and replacement income became increasingly important. Ore Mountain wood art Wood working has always been an important economic sector in the New branches of wood working quickly densely wooded Erzgebirge. developed; Wood was also the most important material for the construction of in the western Erzgebirge(Schneeberg buildings and the manufacture of and Annaberg area) everyday objects. wood carving natural conditions: no room for agricultural work -intensification of central Erzgebirge around the villages wood working was an obvious choice of Marienberg, Pobershau and Seiffen wood turning (as practised as a profession) Ore Mountain wood art Over time, the production of toys and figures such as miners, angels and pyramids developed, large pyramids and large candle arches (Schwippbögen) mounted outdoors characterise the townscape of communities in the Ore Mountains in the run-up to Christmas installation of the large pyramids is celebrated as a festival (known as "Pyramidenanschieben") marks the official start of the Advent season  Ore Mountain wood art today Handicrafts and design are more connected. Modern Interpretation: Zamm | Markus Weber (iam-weber.com) https://moderne-holzkunst.de/images/product_images/info_images/rauta-edition-fg----led-schwibbogen-mit-krippenfiguren-8653-0.jpg  Bobbin lace (Klöppeln) Alles kommt vom Bergbau her - Klöppeln 01 - YouTube Erzgebirgische Klöppelspitze (Filmdokument) - YouTube Bobbin lace (Klöppeln) Artist: Ágnes Herczeg  Bobbin lace (Klöppeln) various types of lace are made using bobbins spindle-shaped "bobbins", usually made of wood systematic alternation of twisting - crossing - linking - interlacing threads in a multiple system By the metre, inserts, doilies, edgings, decorative elements or accessories, in fashion and in picture bobbin lace Klöppelbrief (lace pattern) is necessary. Design is a mathematical and geometric calculation patterns are protected by copyright But: lace-making exists all over the world.  Feel free to use the Internet. What do websites tell you in your native language. Group Activity What is the purpose of these traditions? How do you recognize that these practices are traditions? Keywords: preserve, protect, spread Any questions? Folklike Germany: Customs and Traditions Oktoberfest/Volksfest/ (Fun)fair 04000012 - Essentials of German Studies: Folklike Germany (3ETCS) Faculty of Arts, University of Würzburg Lecturer: Luise Stark Mail: [email protected] Today Summary Your questions 1. Volksfest 2. Kiliani Volksfest 3. Oktoberfest SUMMARY:  ORE MOUNTAIN WOOD ART Over time, the production of toys and figures such as miners, angels and pyramids developed, large pyramids and large candle arches (Schwippbögen) mounted outdoors characterise the townscape of communities in the Ore Mountains in the run-up to Christmas installation of the large pyramids is celebrated as a festival (known as "Pyramidenanschieben") marks the official start of the Advent season  ORE MOUNTAIN WOOD ART TODAY Handicrafts and design are more connected. Modern Intepretation: Zamm | Markus Weber (iam- weber.com) https://moderne-holzkunst.de/images/product_images/info_images/rauta-edition-fg----led-schwibbogen-mit-krippenfiguren-8653-0.jpg  BOBBIN LACE (KLÖPPELN) Alles kommt vom Bergbau her - Klöppeln 01 - YouTube Erzgebirgische Klöppelspitze (Filmdokument) - YouTube YOUR QUESTIONS How much do most of these objects cost today? For instance, a nutcracker made of wood, or the decorative wooden trees. Is it reasonably affordable, or is it costly? Are there other areas inside Germany that practise specific types of ‘Volkskunst’? The practitioners around the Erzgebirge seem very intertwined with the Christmas season, but do they also deal with other topics, such as the Brothers Grimm and other parts of German culture? Original Erzgebirge Volkskunst Shop - Erzgebirge-Palast Kuckucksuhren aus dem Schwarzwald | Schwarzwald-Palast YOUR QUESTIONS Who are now the men in the parade? On the video there were some seniors and even kids, so they are not miners anymore. But in this case do people volunteer now to participate in the parade? Bergbrüderschaft “Schneeberger Bergparade” e. V Mountain brotherhood ‘Schneeberger mountain parade’ association Citizens with close ties to their homeland and the First Mention: 1479, term "Knappschaft" in Schneeberg. Re-establishment: May 12, 1967 mining industry Number of Members: 2017, 120 members, 50th anniversary. Purpose: Preservation and maintenance of mining traditions and customs in the Erzgebirge Activities: Participation in mining parades, processions, devotions, church services, tapping (Zapfenstreich) , miners' Christmas. Maintenance of mining objects along the Schneeberg-Neustädtler mining trail Working Group: "Mining Bearer Community" for burials and urn interments. Bergbrüderschaft "Schneeberger Bergparade"  YOUR QUESTIONS Does the German bobbin lace tradition also have a place in clothing? Do people/have people historically decorated dresses, skirts, or other clothing with lace? Sint-Salvatorskapittel Bruges Precious Blood 2008 - Klöppeln – Wikipedia Canons in choir robes, the rochettes Jakob Hoefnagel: Bildnis Gustav II Adolf König Von Schweden, 1630. Öl auf with lace are clearly recognisable Leinwand, 66 x 54 cm. Hargesheimer Kunstauktionen Düsseldorf. Spitze | Frieda u. Elly - Mode Graubünden costume Picture postcard Sorbian costumes - catholic bridesmaids 1982 Open questions? VOLKSFEST/ FUNFAIR Instead of fairs (Messe): a lot products and services competitions, exhibitions temporary geared for industry regional references Example: Germany's biggest interior In Germany: possible combination of design fair - The international furniture and interiors fair | imm cologne (imm- – beer festival cologne.com) – wine festival – attractions like a travelling funfair  EXAMPLES Oktoberfest in Munich Kieler Woche (Kiel Week) in Kiel Bergkirchweih in Erlangen Schützenfest (rifle club funfair) in Hanover Wurstmarkt (sausage market)in Bad Dürkheim Kiliani-Volksfest in Würzburg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_German_Volksfest.s vg/800px-Map_of_German_Volksfest.svg.png  GROUP ACTIVITY What do you know about German Volksfest?  KILIANI VOLKSFEST - 05.07. - 21.07.2024 Funfair rides Gastronomy Rollercoaster Kiliani Festival Tent White water ride Cafe / Bar Festzelt Bumper car Ice cream Oliver Kastner Ghost Train Snack bar (@wob_wuerzbu rgs_wochenzeitun Chairoplane Almonds, sweets, g) | Instagram Children's rides fruits Ferris wheel Show and amusement rides Skill games Festzug Rifle games Das ist Würzburg (@dasistwuerzburg) | Instagram Kiliani Volksfest Würzburg ( 30.06.2023 - 16.07.2023 ) [ Beschickung / Attraktionen ] - YouTube OKTOBERFEST 1. Scans the code. 2. Take a look at the page. 3. What do you notice? 4. Write down your https://www.oktoberfest.de/en# observations. -> We will add them to the cluster. FACTS ABOUT OKTOBERFEST world's largest folk festival Wiesn =Oktoberfest -> Wiese - meadow Theresienwiese in the Munich since 1810 -> not continuous because of wars and pandemics https://www.nuernbergluftbild.de/images/luftbild/K09210516d.jpg important economic factor for the city – organizer is the Munich City Council (Department of Labour and Economic Affairs) – Oktoberfest generated 2018 a turnover of 1.2 billion – Munich breweries brew a special beer mid-September to early October  ORIGIN STORIES? Organised by Andreas Michael Dall'Armi merchant and banker in Munich and a horse race on 17 October 1810 major in the cavalry in the Royal Bavarian National Guard – To celebrate the wedding of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria and Princess Therese on 12 October 1810 – festival site was chosen for its natural conscious conception of a national fair suitability Dall'Armi got the order was outside the city at the time Agricultural associations were organisers Festivity is not an end in itself but a tool. participating people organising body legitimised institution  ORIGIN STORIES? Festivity is not an end in itself but a tool. participating people organising body legitimised institution 1811, the agricultural association considerably upgraded organised a national festival the status of farmers! horse races, livestock market livestock award Maximilian I Joseph (King of Bavaria) personally presented the awards  FUNFAIR UND FAIR Since 1811 Oktoberfest and Bayerisches Zentral-Landwirtschaftsfest take place at the same time Oktoberfest Central Agricultural Festival takes place on the northern part of the takes place on the southern part of the Wiesn Wiesn organizer is the Munich City Council Since 1949, the event has been organised (Department of Labour and Economic by the Bavarian Farmers' Association Affairs) was the first agricultural exhibition in the Innovations took place more in the field of German-speaking world entertainment culture First purely a livestock exhibition, which had developed from the horse show agricultural technology show was added is known for its agricultural technology innovations FUNFAIR OKTOBERFEST https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/oktoberfest-2017-munich-bavaria-picture- id883862370?k=6&m=883862370&s=612x612&w=0&h=DbebCs8u1kdBy7dE_rECEA 7-tgv_WivWqfvY6GGSLHQ=  TASK Oktoberfest 2022 Munich, The World’s Largest Beer Festival - YouTube 1. Watch the video 2. What do you notice? 3. What seems familiar to practices we already discuss in previous sessions? 4. Write down your observations.  O´zapft is! – OB Dieter Reiter eröffnet das Münchner O'ZAPFT IS! Oktoberfest 2022 - YouTube tapping of the first beer barrel by the mayor of Munich exclamation "O'zapft is!" Bavarian:"It is tapped“ Then: signal of twelve gunshots – signal for all: beer may now be sold wish "Auf eine friedliche Wiesn" ("for a peaceful Oktoberfest") Minister-President of Bavaria receives first beer mug O'zapft is! Tradition since 1950 opening takes place every year on the first Saturday after 15 September at 12 noon  PROTECTION OF WOMEN AS A "NEW" TRADITION? Violence against women at the Oktoberfest It is groped. around 10 rapes per Oktoberfest are recorded in the statistics the number of unreported cases is estimated at 200 Screenshot: https://taz.de/Sexuelle-Uebergriffe-auf-dem-Oktoberfest/!5156348/ PROTECTION OF WOMEN AS A "NEW" TRADITION? Various organisations create safe spaces for women! Sichere Wiesn (@sicherewiesn) Instagram-Fotos und -Videos https://img.br.de/29b433c4-ec2e-44ee-b54c- https://www.instagram.com/sicherewiesn/?utm 2b8f749680f3.jpeg?q=80&rect=18%2C1292%2C3006%2C1690&w=1024 _source=ig_embed LEDERHOSE: BAVARIAN LEATHER PANTS Are made of real or artificial leather Have a short leg length Are often worn with suspenders Feature embellishments and embroidery In addition to their original function as workwear: Are durable Are comfortable Are easy to care for Offer maximum freedom of movement Are often worn with: A shirt, vest A charivari (jewelry chain on the traditional costume) Loferl (calf socks) A traditional hat DIRNDL dirndl originates from the term ‘diernen’ women who worked on farms in Bavaria and Austria,19th century developed from peasant clothing Originally, it was a simple work dress for women that was comfortable and functional In the 19th century, city dwellers began to wear it as a fashion statement A dirndl consists of a top and a long or short skirt A mostly white blouse is worn with it An apron emphasizes the skirt and has only decorative purpose The position of the skirt bow can indicate the relationship status Accessories such as jewelry complete the look  DIRNDL Meaning of the dirndl bow: Dirndl bow tied on the left: The wearer is single. Dirndl bow tied on the right: The wearer is already taken, engaged or married. Dirndl bow tied in the center back: The wearer is a waitress or widowed.  FREEDOM OF INTERPRETATION OF THE TRADITIONAL COSTUMES “Every region offers its own unique take on the dirndl The same rule still applies to this day: No two dirndls are the same. Over time, regional and local differences began to emerge, making each traditional look unique and distinctive. In Passau in lower Bavaria, a golden hat is worn with traditional costume. Although it’s relatively close to Passau, in tranquil Hinterskirchen other details take center stage. Women there not only wear blue knee-high socks, but they also wear a small crown (kranl) — the latter only applies to unmarried ladies, however. Fashionable dirndl wearers in upper Bavaria, on the other hand, usually team their dirndl with a choker. The final look is always a unique mix of tradition and personal taste.” The dirndl: how it became a hot fashion accessory Oktoberfest.de - The Official Website for the Oktoberfest in Munich FREEDOM OF INTERPRETATION OF THE TRADITIONAL COSTUMES For visitors to the Oktoberfest who want to “dip” into Bavarian culture for a short time. not identity-forming quality is not that important At the same time, an expensive costume can also be considered a status symbol. How to wear Lederhosen - YouTube Open questions? Folklike Germany: Customs and Traditions Christmas 04000012 - Essentials of German Studies: Folklike Germany (3ETCS) Faculty of Arts, University of Würzburg Lecturer: Luise Stark Mail: [email protected] Exam conditions START: 16.15 -> Please be there a bit earlier. multiple choice questions END: 17.45 4 possible answers -> Those who finish the exam 1 correct answers earlier can leave. 90 minutes – 85 questions What do you need: Name Matriculation number/ Matrikelnummer Study programme Exam conditions Until 18th Dec: Please send me the 6 texts until the examination date. SUMMARY Examples Oktoberfest in Munich Kieler Woche (Kiel Week) in Kiel Bergkirchweih in Erlangen Schützenfest (rifle club funfair) in Hanover Wurstmarkt (sausage market)in Bad Dürkheim Kiliani-Volksfest in Würzburg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_German_Volksfe st.svg/800px-Map_of_German_Volksfest.svg.png Facts about Oktoberfest world's largest folk festival since 1810 important economic factor for the city https://www.nuernbergluftbild.de/images/luftbild/K09210516d.jpg mid-September to early October Since 1811 Oktoberfest and Bayerisches Zentral- horse race on 17 October 1810 Landwirtschaftsfest take place at the same time To celebrate the wedding of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria and Princess Therese on 12 October 1810 conscious conception of a national fair Dall'Armi got the order Agricultural associations were organisers Festivity is not an end in itself but a tool. Funfair Oktoberfest https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/oktoberfest-2017-munich-bavaria-picture- id883862370?k=6&m=883862370&s=612x612&w=0&h=DbebCs8u1kdBy7dE_rECEA7 -tgv_WivWqfvY6GGSLHQ=  Your questions On the slide with the ‘Facts about Oktoberfest’ it says that since 1810- not continuous because of wars and pandemics… what do you mean by this? the Oktoberfest takes place annually from 1810 to 2022, the Oktoberfest was cancelled 26 times Several wars Inflation Diseases: cholera, corona Oktoberfest: 24 Ausfälle in 210 Jahren - München - SZ.de (sueddeutsche.de)  Your questions Why not mention the bombing that happened at Oktoberfest? Vor 40 Jahren: Rechtsextremer Anschlag auf das Oktoberfest | Hintergrund aktuell | bpb.de on the evening of 26 September 1980, a bomb exploded in a litter bin on the north side of the Theresienwiese 13 people were killed and more than 200 injured in a bomb attack at the Munich Oktoberfest It was not until July 2020 that the German Public Prosecutor General/ Generalbundesanwaltschaft categorised the motive for the attack as right-wing extremist It is still disputed to this day whether the attacker carried out the attack alone. Although right-wing extremist parties were no longer represented in the Bundestag after 1953, organised right-wing extremism has accompanied the history of the Federal Republic of Germany. Your questions And does the location where the Oktoberfest is held remain as the playground or other stores when it's not during the Oktoberfest period? Or is there nothing originally, but is it made around the time the Oktoberfest period is coming? Despite its name, the Theresienwiese, has not much greenery a skate park a basketball court Most important events: a few football pitches Oktoberfest, Many inline skaters and young children with Spring Festival, bicycles make their first attempts at riding on the Giant Flea Market, wide, car-free streets. Oldtimer Festival, in autumn, the obstacle-free terrain attracts Winter Tollwood, numerous fans of flying kites and kitesurfing Bavarian Central Agricultural Festival (every four years) Your questions “How many liters of beer are sold per year? How many Brezels and Händls?” Beer: 2019: 7.3 m (https://www.muenchen.de/veranstaltungen/oktoberfest/aktuell/wiesn-2023-das-ist-die-abschlussbilanz) 2019 - 124 steers - 29 calves - 435,000 roast chickens - 120,000 pork sausages (https://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/bayern/oktoberfest-wiesn-geschichte-besucher-zelte-bierpreis-4-10-2023-id63774946.html)  Your questions “Question that came to my mind is how many people from foreign countries and how many Germans visit Oktoberfest? ” "How do smaller, regional Volksfests (like Kiel Week or Kiliani-Volksfest in Würzburg) compare economically to major events like Oktoberfest in terms of influence on the local community and tourism?" Do the local authorities try to advertise their regional fairs more with an aim to create a next huge world-known event or they try to keep them a smaller traditional Volksfest? study commissioned by the Department of Labour and Economic Affairs of the City of Munich in 2008 72% majority of Wiesn visitors come from Bavaria 60% Munich 12% from the rest of Bavaria 9% of visitors come from the other German federal states 19% of guests come from abroad: mainly from Italy, the USA, England, Australia and Austria source: Der typische Oktoberfest-Besucher | Oktoberfest Tisch