FITT3-Arnis Past Paper (Philippines)

Republic of the Philippines **CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY** CCAT Campus Rosario, Cavite *(046) 437-9505 /* *(046) 437-6659* cvsurosario\@cvsu.edu.ph www.cvsu-rosario.edu.ph **[Course Code: FITT 3 ]** **[Course Title: Physical Activity Towards Health and Fitness 1]** ***Republic Act No. 9850***...

Republic of the Philippines **CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY** CCAT Campus Rosario, Cavite *(046) 437-9505 /* *(046) 437-6659* cvsurosario\@cvsu.edu.ph www.cvsu-rosario.edu.ph **[Course Code: FITT 3 ]** **[Course Title: Physical Activity Towards Health and Fitness 1]** ***Republic Act No. 9850*** An Act Declaring Arnis as National Martial Art and Sport of the Philippines *Section 1:* It is the policy of the State to inculcate patriotism, nationalism and appreciation of the role of national heroes and symbols in the historical development of the country. Furthermore, the State must give priority to education, science and technology, arts and culture, and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and development. *Section 2:* Definition of Arnis. - Arnis, also known as Eskrima, Kali, Garrote and other names in various regional languages, such as Pananandata in Tagalog; Pagkalikali, Ibanag; Kabaraon and Kalirongan, Pangasinan; Kaliradman, Bisaya; and Didya, Ilokano, is an indigenous Filipino martial art and sport characterized by the use of swinging and twirling movements, accompanied by striking, thrusting and parrying techniques for defense and offense. This is usually done with the use of one (1) or two (2) sticks or any similar implements or with bare hands and feet also used for striking, blocking, locking and grappling, with the use of the same principle as that with the canes. *Section 3:* Arnis is hereby declared as the Philippine National Martial Art and Sport. The official adoption of arnis as the national martial art and sport shall be promulgated by inscribing the symbol of arnis in the official seal of the Philippine Sports Commission and by making it as the first sport competition to be played by participating teams on the first day in the annual Palarong Pambansa. The Philippine Sports Commission shall be the lead agency to implement the provisions of this Act. *Section 4*: The Department of Education, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, and the Philippine Sports Commission shall promulgate the necessary rules and regulations to carry out the provisions of this Act. *Section 5:* Any provision of law, decree, executive order, rule or regulation in conflict or inconsistent with the provisions and/or purposes of this Act is hereby repealed, amended or modified accordingly. *Section 6*: This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its complete publication in the Official Gazette or in at least two (2) newspapers of general circulation. **HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT** **OF ARNIS** **History of Arnis:** **Origin of Arnis** The art of arnis evolved and was developed in the Philippines. There are many contesting beliefs on how arnis originated. Some believed that arnis is the evolved form of ancient swordsmanship of early Filipinos. They traced the origin of arnis to the word "*kalis*," an ancient term which refers to the sword, or the use of sword in the battlefield; they also believe that the writing of Ferdinand Magellan's chronicler, Antonio Pigafetta, who described that natives in some villages used a fire hardened wood into battle and dances, was the early demonstration of the existence of the sticking fighting among the natives.  Some of the proponents of this belief theorized that the present arnis was developed from the parenthood of the ancient system of Silat (Malay art of fighting) and influenced by Spanish Destreza (Spanish art and science of swordplay). As a testimony of the muslims' love for the bladed weapon is their variety of the style and types Of knives which include the following: KRIS: BARONG: PIRA:   BOLO: GUNONG: PUNAL:  KALIS: KAMPILAN: ITAK:  GAYANG: LARING: BANJAL:  BANGKON: PANABAS: LAHOT:  It is also a standard fighting technique in hand to hand combat of the Filipinos when revolted in Spain. Using the itak and bolo the katiponeros engaged the Spanish soldiers in savage skirmishes. **[The popularity of Arnis was clearly observed through dialects in different regions.]** Tagalog - panandata Pangasinense - kalirongan Ilocanos - dadja or kabaraon Ibanags - pagkali-kali Pampangueños - sinawali Visayans - kaliradman or pagaradman **[Its other famous names: *eskrima, kali, estoque, tilakada* ]** There are also recent studies which claimed that the traditional arnis was developed and passed on by Filipinos who became volunteers in the Spanish crusades against Filipino moors in the south during the early 19^th^ century Spanish era. They said that the bulk of arnis repertoire was developed during the Spanish colonial times, and plausibly got its inspiration from European saber techniques and singlestick fencing concepts and practices. Further study with regards to the historical development of arnis, can also be unboxed by further researches on the possible historical and technical relationship between the Filipino arnis, European single stick fencing and the Venezuelan stick fighting art of Garrote Larense. Most of the studies conducted by Filipino and foreign arnis enthusiasts helps us to conclude that arnis origin is difficult to trace, but they all agreed that arnis was developed from the Filipino creativity and necessity. And its evolution and development still continues. **[Arnis as Physical Education and Sport]** Asian martial arts, such as judo, karate, kendo, taekwondo, wushu became prominent mainly due to its transformation from its original fighting form into combative sports. The public acceptance of these martial arts was also made possible because of their respective government support; making these martial arts compulsories in their respective education system (Draeger, 1974). In Philippine context, there are several attempts made to introduce arnis into educational system. The public acceptance of this martial art was also made possible because of the government support; making this martial art compulsory to the public education system. There are several attempts made to introduce arnis into the educational system. Some initiatives done to introduce this martial art into education program such as the DECS Order No. 25, s. 1975 which allowed exhibition and demonstration of arnis in the *Palarong Pambansa* (National Games), the DECS Order No. 58 (1990) known as the Guidelines and Standards for College Service Physical Education which in effect, included arnis in the "dual sport' category, then the DECS Memo No. 294, s. 1995 that issued instructors' training to PE teachers for teaching arnis in physical education. The new K-12 program included arnis as one of the combative sports to be taught in junior and senior high school physical education subject (DepEd Curriculum Guide on Physical Education for Grade 1 to Grade 10), and in the tertiary educational level for the course of Bachelor of Physical Education major in School Physical Education, arnis is one of the options for combative sport to be taken (CHED MO No. 23 series of 2011). Being integrated as part of education, arnis evolved into a competitive sport. In 1975, an organization named *NARAPHIL* (National Arnis Association of the Philippines) was formed under the initiation of then President Ferdinand E. Marcos. Its objective was to unite the various clubs and arnisadores throughout the country. Also a decree was issued to include the teaching of arnis in the military and educational system. Then, it was succeeded by the *Arnis Philippines* as the national sport association recognized by the Philippine Olympic Committee, to act as governing body in promoting the art and sport of arnis. The proclamation of *Republic Act 9850*, during the administration of then Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, arnis was declared as the National Martial Art and Sport of the Philippines. This includes the integration of arnis competition as starting event in the annual *Palarong Pambansa*, an annual national competition among secondary schools. Types of competitive arnis: doce pares/WEKAP style of live stick and the International Arnis Federation padded stick competition. Competitive arnis have many variations that depend on the concept and beliefs of of the organizers. There is a need to have one standard competitive rule that can be acceptable in schools and sport context. There must be a tournament rule that can demonstrate the application of sport science without washing away the realistic combative dynamics of arnis; and making it appreciable to the audience. Making this art as part of popular national and inter-collegiate athletic league is a challenge for the new generation of arnisadores. The National Arnis Congress initiated by the Sen. Miguel Zubiri, author of the RA 9850 and former national arnis champion, led to the organization of the Philippine Eskrima, Kali, and Arnis Federation (PEKAP) which united most of the arnis practitioners in the country. This association is now facing the challenges of making the law in practice and preparing to make arnis as formal part of the coming Southeast Asian Games or SEAG. **[Definition of Arnis:]** Arnis is a Filipino indigenous martial art and sport characterized by the use of one (1) or two (2) sticks or any similar implements or with bare hands and feet also used for striking, blocking, locking and grappling with the use of the same principle as that with the cane (RA 9850). **[Values of Training Arnis:]** Like other forms of martial arts, arnis have lots of values for students such as: - The execution of various skills in arnis involves vigorous movements of different muscle groups, thus provide training for muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility and cardio-respiratory endurance. - Agility, reaction time, balance and coordination are also developed through Arnis training. - As a sport, arnis develops quickness and coordination in execution of offensive & defensive skills. - Thrills of accomplishment provided by competition. - Desirable traits such as self-confidence, fortitude and self-discipline are developed in the practice of arnis. - Creativity by putting all learned basic combination into a self-demonstration of skills. - National Identity as Filipino. Arnis can develop the sense of being a proud Filipino. **[Gears & Equipment:]** [ ] **[EQUIPMENTS USED IN ARNIS:]** - White t-shirt with phil. Flag on the left chest - Red trouser pants - Belt's - Cane or Arnis stick with the standard size of 28 inches of length and 1 inch in diameter - Competition area: 8 x 8 m equal side for Combat / 10 x 10 for Anyo competition - Head gear - Body armor - Armed guard - Shin guard - Groin guard (Male and Female) - Hand protector **[Three Traditional Training Methods: ]** - ***Muestration or pandalag*** - teaches the artistic execution of swinging movements and stroking for offense and defense in Repetitive drills. - ***Sanga at patama or sombra tabak*** - wherein striking, thrusting, parrying in a prearranged manners is thought. - ***Larga muton or labanang totohanan*** - the two trainees engage in a free practice trying to outmaneuver each other using all their Skills. **[Three Forms of Play:]** - ***Espada y daga*** (sword and dagger) -- they used long wooden sword and a short dagger. - ***Solo baston*** (single stick) -- they used long mutton or baston. - ***Sinawali*** - a native term applied because the intricate movements of two muton resemble the wave of the sinawali (criss-cross fashion). Ex. Single Sinawali, Double Sinawali, Cruzada, Reverse Sinawali, Tersia Cruzada, Singko Teros **[2 ESSENTIAL PRINCIPLES: ]** - **The physical Principle:** the learner must bear in mind - speed in delivering the strokes, speed with the hand, speed with the Feet, and even with the eyes in spotting the weak point of the opponent. This speed develops in the Player's agility which is the one fine qualities of a good arnis player. - **The psychological Principle:** The learner must not be unruffled but composed calm so as to be able to concentrate on his opponent and have full command of the situation. **[Essential Elements to become a Good Fighter:]** [ ] - **Techniques-** refers to the fundamental skills and the knowledge of the basic in arnis like strikes, counter attacks, sparring and disarming. - **Alertness and Awareness --** keenness of the mind and reflexes and sensitivity to one's environment or situation. - **Coordination and Concentration --** the body and the mind should harmoniously work together. - **Speed --** showing of quick reaction and total body movement. - **Power --** a way of releasing the reserve energy or a secret weapon in winning. - **Timing --** exact hitting or meeting the target at the exact time without being delayed; anticipation of movement. - **Proper delivery of strikes --** it is the effective blows, kicks and contact of the stick towards the opponents. - **Endurance and stamina --** ability of the individual to withstand from a long period of time without undue fatigue or with reserve energy for the next activity. - **Determination --** dedication to fight at your best. - **Confidence --** it is the proper way of carrying yourself inside and outside the arena. - **Yelling --** this is an expression of power and courage. It is also the releasing or tense, anger and fear and it also adds power, strength and courage to fight your enemies. **[SALUTATION:]** - ***Pagpupugay*** (salutation or bow) is a recent development in Arnis de Mano. In the earlier days of Arnis de Mano, when the art became a "sport contest", all the combatants did was face each other and with an agreed signal start the match. After the fight, the only salutation if there is any, is a polite ***salamat po*** (thank you). - The three step process of standing salutation carries three meanings: Strength, humility, and respect. **BREATHING** - is simply defined as inhalation and exhalation of air in the body. [Types of Breathing ] - **Peaceful (Meditative) Breathing --** calms the spirit. This type of breathing is done during the period of meditation. - **Dynamic Breathing -** strengthens the body. This breathing is normally used during drills and application of techniques or Whenever you exert effort. **[WARM UP AND COOL DOWN:]** To avoid injury and get the maximum benefit of any physical activity, a good warm up and cool down period is necessary. All parts of the body must be sufficiently warmed up before heavy training. The body must cool down slowly after a heavy work out to give the muscles enough time to return to its natural state. **[STANCE AND CENTER OF GRAVITY]:** Stances are the foundation of any techniques; defensive or offensive. Attention Stance Open Leg Stance Straddle Leg Stance Forward Stance Back-leaning Stance **[Components Governing Stance:]** - The stance must offer stability so proper traction will be achieved for fast and powerful techniques. - It must be comfortable so one can assume the posture without undue fatigue. - It must be flexible to allow excellent mobility. The essence that holds these components together is the center of gravity. The center of gravity is the point where perfect equilibrium is situated. **FOOTWORK --** is the process of moving, changing, shifting, progressing, ascending, descending, evolving, withdrawing, advancing, by Stepping, sliding or jumping, or a combination of these three actions, to attack or to get out of the range of attack. **[THE 12 VITAL STRIKING POINTS OF THE BODY]** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **AREA** | **TYPE OF STRIKE | **REACTIONS** | | | USED** | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Left temple | Strike 1 | Fatal; it will cause | | | | internal hemorrhage | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Right temple | Strike 2 | Fatal; it will cause | | | | internal hemorrhage | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Left shoulder | Strike 3 | Numbing pain. It may | | | | also | | | | | | | | cripple the shoulder | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Right shoulder | Strike 4 | Numbing pain. It may | | | | also | | | | | | | | cripple the shoulder | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Stomach | Strike 5 | Crippling pain and | | | | could be fatal | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Left chest | Strike 6 | It could be fatal | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Right chest | Strike 7 | It could be fatal | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Right knee | Strike 8 | Dislocation or | | | | fracture | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Left knee | Strike 9 | Dislocation or | | | | fracture | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Left eye | Strike 10 | Serious damage to the | | | | eye | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Right eye | Strike 11 | Serious damage to the | | | | eye | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Crown/ Head | Strike 12 | Fatal | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+  Anajao, J. D. (2019). *Arnis, Philippine National Martial Art and Sport, A Guide for Teachers and Students*, Casa Duende Publishing, Quezon City, Philippines Anajao, J. D. & Ramos, A.B., (2004). *An Introduction to Sports Arnis.* Intramuros, Manila : Amateur Sports Arnis Pilipinas, Inc. Anajao, J.D., Fadriquela, A., Goden, C., & Ombrete, J. (2015). *Physical Education 3 Skill Book: Introduction to the Sports of Arnis, Badminton, Swimming, and Table Tennis*, Lyceum of Alabang, Muntinlupa City Dr. Nepangue N. (2001). *Questioning the Origins of Eskrima.* Arnis: Reflections onthe History Development of the Filipino Martial Arts. Boston: Tuttle Publishing. pp 9-14. Godhania,K. (2001). *Combative vs. Competitive Eskrima*. Arnis: Reflections on the History and Development of the Filipino Martial Arts. Boston: Tuttle Publishing. pp 145-148. Jocano, F. P. Jr. (1997). *A Question of Origin*, RAPID Journal, vol. 2 no. 4, pp. 15-17, 1997 Presas, E. A. (1988). *Arnis: Presas Style and Balisong*. Quiapo, Philippines: Author. Presas, R. A. (1983). *Modern Arnis: Filipino Art of Stick Fighting*. Burbank, Calif.: Ohara Publications. Presas, R. A. (1974). *Modern Arnis: Philippine Martial Arts*. Manila: Modern Arnis Presas, R. A. (1994). The *Practical Art of Eskrima* (2^nd^ Edition). Quezon City, Philippines: National Book Store, Inc. Soteco, A. C. (1997). *A Practical Introduction to Arnis in 12 Easy Lessons*. Sampaloc, Manila: Mary Jo Educational Supply. Wiley, M.V. (1994*). Classical Eskrima, The Evolution and Etymology of Filipino Fencing form*, Journal of Asian Martial Arts, vol. 3. No. 2, 1994, p. 72-89 Wiley, M. V. (1997). *Filipino Martial Culture*. Boston: Tuttle Publishing. Yambao, P. (1957). *Mga Karunungan sa Larung Arnis*. Quezon City, Philippines: University of the Philippines. [http://www.feu.edu.ph](http://www.feu.edu.ph/) [http://www.scholarbank.nus.edu.sg](http://www.scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/) [http://www.garrotelarapalosangriento.com](http://www.garrotelarapalosangriento.com/) [http://www.naraphil.blogspot.com](http://www.naraphil.blogspot.com/) [http://www.makooyliterature.wordpres.com](http://www.makooyliterature.wordpres.com/) **[JOHN STEVEN B. COPE]** *PE Instructor*