Finals Ecology Reviewer PDF

FINALS REVIEWER - ECOLOGY A water quality measurement often applied to treated sewage which measures the amount of oxygen required to dissolve and decompose Biological oxygen demand organic matter is – One water analysis that is utilized in order to better understand the effect of bacteria and...

FINALS REVIEWER - ECOLOGY A water quality measurement often applied to treated sewage which measures the amount of oxygen required to dissolve and decompose Biological oxygen demand organic matter is – One water analysis that is utilized in order to better understand the effect of bacteria and other microorganisms on the amount of oxygen they consume as they decompose organic matter under aerobic (oxygen is present) is the measure of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). An aspect of the ecosystem which affects the symbiosis between species and which must be carefully preserved to avoid decline in population or extinction is the – Biodiversity Biodiversity is all the different kinds of life you'll find in one area—the variety of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our natural world. Each of these species and organisms work together in ecosystems, like an intricate web, to maintain balance and support life. “Greenhouse Effect” is – Gradual warming of the earth because solar radiation is trapped by unwanted gases Small-scale agriculture without introducing artificial fertilizers or pesticides is commonly known as – Organic farming An oxygen molecule that in its gaseous state screens ultraviolet radiation Ozone A scale to measure the alkalinity or acidity. Potential hydrogen Which of the following environmental calamities is not a direct outcome of human settlements –- Earthquakes A measure scale to determine the magnitude of an earthquake Richter scale A depression or hole opened by sand or soil erosion caused by poor drainage. Common after a lot of rain, especially in heavily paved areas – Sinkholes  The hydrologic cycle is – The transformation of water into different forms and incidences as part of nature This is another term for water cycle, driven by the sun’s heat energy, which causes water to evaporate from water reservoirs (ocean, lakes, ponds, rivers), condense into clouds, and then precipitate back to the water bodies on Earth Which of the following is part of the earth – a. Hydrosphere b. Lithosphere c. Atmosphere d. All of the above A community of living and non-living things that work together. Ecosystem Photosynthesis refers to – The chemical process in nature which depends upon sunlight Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to turn sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water into food (sugars) and oxygen. The following is not environmentally critical and does not require an environmental clearance from DENR – a. Heavy industries such as metal, petrochemical industries b. Resource extraction such as mining, logging, fishponds c. Infrastructure projects such as major dams, roads, reclamation d. Rice farming projects What is “EIS” ? Environmental Impact Statement In the Philippines, we have Environmental Impact Statement System under Presidential Decree 1586 which was ratified on June 11, 1978. The main objective of this law is to maintain the balance between the environment and the socio-economic development of the country. What is LEED? A certification system of the U.S. Green Building Council Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a green building certification program used worldwide. Developed by the non-profit U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), it includes a set of rating systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings, homes, and neighborhoods, which aims to help building owners and operators be environmentally responsible and use resources efficiently. By 2015, there were over 80,000 LEED-certified buildings and over 100,000 LEEDaccredited professionals. Most LEED- certified buildings are located in major U.S. metropolises. Environmentally Critical Areas (ECA)  ECA regulations ensure protection of water quality, groundwater recharge, stream flow, slope stability, wildlife and fisheries habitat, natural stormwater storage/filter systems, human life, and property What is ECC? The Environmental Compliance Certificate Environmental Compliance Certificate or ECC refers to the document issued by the DENR-EMB that allows a proposed project to proceed to the next stage of project planning, which is the acquisition of approvals from other government agencies and LGUs, after which the project can start implementation. What is ECP?  Environmentally Critical Project (ECP) - project or program that has high potential for significant negative environmental impact as defined under Presidential Proclamation 2146 (1981). What is CNC? Certificate of Non- Coverage A CNC is the equivalent of an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) for projects that are not expected to have significant impacts on the environment. These projects are considered to be not covered by the Philippine Environmental Impact Assessment System, hence the name. China’s name for the disputed islands in the West Philippine Sea Nansha Estimated typhoon wind velocities of the super typhoon that hit Eastern Visayas in 2013 – 300 KPH Coastal areas are prone to destruction due to strong typhoons because of _____ Wave surge Agency in charge of coordinating disaster relief – NDRRMC Expected magnitude of a potential earthquake in the Marikina Valley fault system – 7.2 Agency in charge of monitoring seismic activity in our country Phivolcs HVAC is an acronym for Heating, ventilating, air-conditioning Environmental protection and subdivision reform laws affecting the availability and cost of vacant land include: a. The Clean Air Act b. “Open Space” and scenic easement agreements c. Zoning changes to reduce the density of use d. All of the above Areas of government activity that directly affect privately owned real estate include: a. Housing and urban development b. Environmental protection laws c. Monetary and fiscal policy d. All of the above Public restrictions on the use of land include all the following except: a. Zoning regulations b. Deed restrictions c. Subdivision laws d. Environmental protection laws According to World’s Best Island Award survey, the Top 3 best islands in Asia are the following, EXCEPT a. Andaman Islands, India b. Koh Samui, Thailand c. Bali, Indonesia d. Palawan, Philippines As of August 2021. Approximately 1.70 million people had been confirmed as infected with the COVID-19 virus. Of those, how many have recovered. 1.55 million “Ecology” is often used more loosely in such terms in common parlance as a synonym for the word “natural environment” Refers to the non-living elements and physical components of the environment Abiotic A large community of plants and animals that occupies a distinct region. Biome INDIGENOUS PEOPLE Indigenous Cultural Communities/ Indigenous People are groups of people or homogeneous societies identified by self-ascription and ascription by others, who have continuously lived as an organized community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial occupied possesed and utilized such territories, sharing common bonds become historically differentiated from the majority of Filipinos. TRANSPIRATION - the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount of water taken up by the roots is used for growth and metabolism. - plants releasing water from their leaves, which then evaporates BIOSPHERE The portion of earth that supports life. This portion extends from the bottom of the ocean to high in the atmosphere. If you could shrink the earth to the size of an apple, the biosphere would be the size of an apple peel. DREDGING -the technique used for collecting bottom-dwelling organisms (e.g. shellfish) or harvesting coral, often causing significant destruction of reef and ocean- floor ecosystems. is the excavation of material from a water environment. Possible reasons for dredging include improving existing water features; reshaping land and water features to alter drainage, navigability, and commercial use; constructing dams, dikes, and other controls for streams and shorelines; and recovering valuable mineral deposits or marine life having commercial value. IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES & DEFINITION POLLUTION The contamination of a healthy environment by man-made waste. - is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. POLLUTANTS These are harmful materials causing pollution. - can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be created by human activity, such as trash or runoff produced by factories - They damage the quality of air, water, and land. IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES & DEFINITION SOIL EROSION The removal of soil by the action of water or wind, compounded by poor agricultural practices, deforestation, overgrazing and desertification the displacement of the upper layer of soil; it is a form of soil degradation. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice, snow, air, plants, animals, and humans. IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES & DEFINITION the illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals, POACHING usually associated with land use rights. in law, the illegal shooting, trapping, or taking of game, fish, or plants from private property or from a place where such practices are specially reserved or forbidden. a major existential threat to numerous wild organisms worldwide and is an important contributor to biodiversity loss. The illegal killing of animals or fish, a great concern with respect to endangered or Threatened species IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES & DEFINITION CORAL REEFS A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem  characterized by reef building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups. It occurs in neritic zones of warm, tropical waters dominated by cnidarians, very productive and protects lands from storms. IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES & DEFINITION DEEP SEA VENT Also called hydrothermal (hot- water) vent formed on the ocean floor when seawater circulates through hot volcanic rocks, often located where new oceanic crust is being formed. Occurs in benthic zones Diverse, unusual organisms, Animals that live on the sea floor are called benthos. Energy comes not from light but from chemicals released from the magma IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES & DEFINITION SILTATION is a process by which water becomes dirty as a result of fine mineral particles in the water. occurs when water channels and reservoirs become clotted with silt and mud, a side effect of deforestation and soil erosion or siltification, is water pollution caused by particulate terrestrial clastic material, with a particle size dominated by silt or clay. It refers both to the increased concentration of suspended sediments and to the increased accumulation of fine sediments on bottoms where they are undesirable. IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES & DEFINITION AGROECOLOGY A science that deals with applying ecological concepts and principles to the design, development and management of agricultural environment is an applied science that studies ecological processes applied to agricultural production systems. Bringing ecological principles to bear can suggest new management approaches in agroecosystems. Republic Act No. 8749 "Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999" In R.A. 8749 what does "Department” mean? Department of Environment and Natural Resources Who heads the Governing BOARD for R.A. 8749?  The Board shall be headed by the Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) as Chairman. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration (PAGASA)  Greenhouse Gases. - The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration (PAGASA) shall regularly monitor meteorological factors affecting environmental conditions including ozone depletion and greenhouse gases and coordinate with the Department in order to effectively guide air pollution monitoring and standard-setting activities. How much is appropriation for R.A. 8749? Section 50. Appropriations. - An amount of Seven Hundred Fifty Million Pesos (P750,000,000.00) shall be appropriated for the initial implementation of this Act, of which, the amount of Three Hundred Million Pesos (P300,000,000.00) shall be appropriated to the Department; Two Hundred Million Pesos (P200,000,000.00) to the DTI; One Hundred Fifty Million Pesos (P150,000,000.00) to the DOTC; and One Hundred Million Pesos (P100,000,000.00) to the DOE GOOD LUCK!