Quiz 1 Study Guide (Infant Reflexes) PDF

Quiz 1 Study Guide Reflexes & When do they disappear? (Infant Reflexes) Sucking and Rooting Reflex- Elicited by stroking an infant’s cheek or the edge of an infant’s mouth. The infant turns their head toward the side that is touched and starts to suck. Birth to 4 months. Palmar Grasp- Elicited by...

Quiz 1 Study Guide Reflexes & When do they disappear? (Infant Reflexes) Sucking and Rooting Reflex- Elicited by stroking an infant’s cheek or the edge of an infant’s mouth. The infant turns their head toward the side that is touched and starts to suck. Birth to 4 months. Palmar Grasp- Elicited by placing an object in an infant’s palm. The infant grasps the object. Birth to 4 months. Plantar Grasp- Elicited by touching the sole of an infant’s foot. The infant’s toes curl downward. Birth to 8 months. Moro Reflex-Elicited by allowing the head and trunk of an infant in a semi-sitting position to fall backward to an angle of at least 30°. The infant’s arms and legs symmetrically extend, then abduct while fingers spread to form C shape. Birth to 4 months. Tonic Neck Reflex- Elicited by turning an infant’s head to one side. The infant extends the arm and leg on that side and flexes the arm and leg on the opposite side. Birth to 3 to 4 months. Babinski Reflex- Elicited by stroking the outer edge of the sole of an infant’s foot up toward the toes. The infants dorsiflexes the big toe, toes fan upward and out. Birth to 1 year. Stepping Reflex- Elicited by holding an infant upright with his feet touching a flat surface. The infant makes stepping movements. Birth to 4 weeks. What would indicate dysfunction? If infant reflexes are absent, weak, asymmetrical, persist beyond the typical age range, or reappear later in life, these can indicate potential neurological dysfunction. Here’s a breakdown of signs to watch for: 1. Sucking and Rooting Reflex o Absence or Weak Response: Could indicate CNS depression, possibly due to drugs, prematurity, or neurological impairment. o Persistence Beyond 4 Months: May suggest developmental delay. 2. Palmar Grasp o Absent or Weak Grasp: May indicate muscle weakness or nerve damage, such as brachial plexus injury. o Persistence Beyond 4 Months: Could suggest cerebral palsy or other neurological conditions. 3. Plantar Grasp o Absent Response: Might indicate lower spinal cord dysfunction. o Persistence Beyond 8 Months: Could be associated with cerebral palsy or developmental delays. 4. Moro Reflex o Absence on One Side: May indicate a fractured clavicle, brachial plexus injury, or hemiplegia.  o Absence on Both Sides: Can suggest CNS injury or general muscle weakness. o Persistence Beyond 4 Months: Linked with cerebral palsy or other neurodevelopmental issues. 5. Tonic Neck Reflex o Absent or Asymmetrical Response: Could indicate brain injury or hemiplegia. o Persistence Beyond 4 Months: Suggests possible cerebral palsy or delayed development. 6. Babinski Reflex o Absent Response in Infants: Could signal neurological impairment. o Persistence Beyond 1 Year: Abnormal; often associated with upper motor neuron lesions or CNS dysfunction. 7. Stepping Reflex o Absent Response: Might be a sign of hypotonia or a neurological issue. o Persistence Beyond 4 Weeks: Unusual, may indicate delayed motor development or other concerns. Persistent or abnormal responses in these reflexes typically warrant further assessment and possible referral to a neurologist or developmental specialist for evaluation. Weight- gain the first year. Clue: When does the weight double? -Infants gain 680 g (1.5 lb) per month for the first 5 months of life -Average weight of 6-month-old infant is 7.26 kg (16 lb) -Birth weight is at least doubled by the age of 6 months and tripled by the age of 12 months to an average of 9.75 kg (21.5 lb) Milestones for infant/toddler