Factors That Define an Infant as Being High Risk, Periods of Growth.pdf

Factors That Define an Infant as Being High Risk, Periods of Growth Factors That Define an Infant as Being High Risk Demographic Social Factors: Maternal age 40 years Illicit drugs, alcohol, cigarette use Poverty Unmarried status Emotional or physical stress Past Medical History:...

Factors That Define an Infant as Being High Risk, Periods of Growth Factors That Define an Infant as Being High Risk Demographic Social Factors: Maternal age 40 years Illicit drugs, alcohol, cigarette use Poverty Unmarried status Emotional or physical stress Past Medical History: Genetic disorders Diabetes mellitus Hypertension Asymptomatic bacteriuria Rheumatologic illness (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus) Immune-mediated diseases (e.g., immunoglobulin G crossing the placenta) Long-term medications Timeline for Primitive Reflexes Reflexes and Their Characteristics: 1. Palmar Grasp: Onset: 28 weeks of gestation Fully Developed: 32 weeks of gestation Duration: 2-3 months postnatal 2. Rooting: Onset: 32 weeks of gestation Fully Developed: 36 weeks of gestation Duration: Less prominent after 1 month postnatal 3. Moro: Onset: 28-32 weeks of gestation Fully Developed: 37 weeks of gestation Duration: 5-6 months postnatal 4. Tonic Neck: Onset: 35 weeks of gestation Fully Developed: 1 month postnatal Duration: 3-4 months postnatal 5. Parachute: Onset: 7-8 months postnatal Fully Developed: 10-11 months postnatal Duration: Remains throughout life Note: There is variation in the duration of the tonic neck reflex based on the reference used; it may disappear by 4 months (Ghai Essential Pediatrics) or 6 months (Nelson Pediatrics). Periods of Growth Prenatal Period: Zygote: 0 to 14 days of gestation Embryo: 3 weeks to 8 weeks Fetus: 9 weeks to birth Perinatal Period: 22 weeks to 7 days after birth Postnatal Period: Newborn (Neonate): First 4 weeks after birth Infancy: The first year Toddler: 1 to 3 years Preschool Child: 3 to 6 years School-Age Child: 6 to 12 years Adolescence: Early: 10 to 13 years Middle: 14 to 16 years Late: 17 to 19 years Periods of Growth Growth and Development: Key Definitions and Timeframes 1. Prenatal Period:  Zygote (0 to 14 days of gestation): This stage represents the earliest development post-fertilization. It covers the time from the fertilized egg's journey to the uterus until it embeds itself in the uterine wall. Embryo (3 weeks to 8 weeks of gestation): During this critical period, organogenesis occurs, where the basic structures of the body's organs start forming. Fetus (9 weeks to birth): Growth and development continue, and this phase is characterized by rapid body growth, organ maturation, and further specialization. Perinatal Period (22 weeks of gestation to 7 days after birth): This stage spans late fetal development, labor, and the first week of life, emphasizing the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine existence. 2. Postnatal Period: Newborn (Neonate) – First 4 weeks after birth: Neonates adapt to life outside the womb, focusing on basic survival functions like feeding, breathing, and thermoregulation. Infancy – The First Year: A period marked by rapid physical growth, sensory and motor development, and the beginning of cognitive and social interaction. Toddler – 1 to 3 years: Characterized by enhanced motor skills, language acquisition, and increased independence. This phase often includes the infamous "terrible twos," where behavioral outbursts are common as children test boundaries. Preschool Child – 3 to 6 years: This stage includes further refinement of motor skills, imaginative play, early literacy, and foundational learning. Social skills develop rapidly, and children start forming peer relationships. School-Age Child – 6 to 12 years: A period where cognitive and physical development continues steadily. Children develop critical thinking skills, more complex social relationships, and academic skills. 3. Adolescence: Early Adolescence (10 to 13 years): Characterized by the onset of puberty, rapid physical growth, and significant emotional and psychological changes. Middle Adolescence (14 to 16 years): A phase of continued physical maturation, increased independence, exploration of identity, and heightened peer influence. Late Adolescence (17 to 19 years): This period sees the final stages of physical growth and psychological development, with young adults transitioning into more defined roles in society and relationships. Would you like to go over specific developmental milestones, risk factors, or any other particular aspects from these periods? Let me know how I can assist further!