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What term describes the false appearance of balance in coverage by presenting both positions equally?
What neuroimaging technique should Dr. Acuña use to identify differences in brain composition between young and older adults?
What is most likely occurring in the brains of older children who perform better on learning tasks but have decreased grey matter?
After Amir's stroke, which part of his brain is most likely affected if he struggles to comprehend spoken language?
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Mitchell studies brain lateralization but is unlikely to focus on which of the following?
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What system is activated when Johann feels his heart rate increase and palms sweat after hearing a strange noise?
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Which hormone would be least beneficial in facilitating a quick escape from danger?
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To study the genetic versus environmental influences on political orientation, which study method would be most feasible for Maria?
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What type of amnesia is Alejandra suffering from?
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Which of the following does NOT contribute to the advancement of children's memory over time?
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What process likely enhances Takumi's ability to switch between guitar chords?
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Which scenario does NOT exemplify implicit memory?
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Which scenario does NOT exemplify the concept of cognitive economy?
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What cognitive bias is demonstrated by Javier's decision to avoid the subway after watching a documentary?
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What type of technique do children develop that enhances their memory over time?
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Which response reflects a misunderstanding of implicit memory?
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What term best describes Jean's perception of the giant green X?
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Which theory would suggest that Abram is more susceptible to hypnosis?
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What sleep stage is Kwame likely experiencing if myoclonic jerks are detected?
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What condition does Claire's husband likely suffer from, given the context?
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Which theory of dreaming might explain Jordan's frequent dreams about job loss?
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What aspect of perception does Tabatha exemplify by seeing a bottle of fragrance from dots?
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Which sleep stage is characterized by dominantly delta waves?
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Which concept best explains why a stranger was mistaken for Simon’s friend?
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What psychological phenomenon is illustrated when Leon believes the world still exists but is a virtual simulation after his prediction fails?
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Which level(s) of analysis is the sleep delay article examining when considering both phone usage and shared sleeping arrangements?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason to be concerned about pseudoscience?
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Alyssa's choice to buy a dietary supplement based on peer popularity exemplifies which concept?
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What may result from endorsing pseudoscientific treatments according to the provided content?
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Regarding sleep delay, what conclusion can be drawn about using a phone before bedtime?
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Which statement reflects a misunderstanding about the influence of pseudoscience?
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What reasoning approach does Jordan demonstrate by waiting for research on the supplement?
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Which statement accurately reflects the relationship described, given a correlation coefficient of 0.68?
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How should the reliability and validity of the RENPHO Smart Scale and the Etekcity Digital Scale be categorized?
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In Talon's study on grief, what is identified as the independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV)?
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What does a small standard deviation in a dataset imply about the data's variability?
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What is the misleading implication of the Fair and Balanced Sunday Newspaper giving equal media coverage to both sides of the climate change debate?
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What does a correlation coefficient of 0.68 suggest about the nature of the relationship it represents?
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In the context of psychological studies, what is typically considered the dependent variable?
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How might one describe the implications of a dataset with a small standard deviation?
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Study Notes
Cognitive Biases
- Leon and his friends experienced confirmation bias when they interpreted the continued existence of the world as proof of a virtual simulation, reinforcing their initial belief.
### Levels of Analysis
- An article that examines the relationship between phone usage before bed, shared sleeping arrangements, and sleep delay is analyzing sleep delay at the behavioral and social levels.
Pseudoscience
- Pseudoscience can lead to opportunity costs, psychological and physical harm, and interference with critical thinking.
Scientific Skepticism
- Alyssa’s acceptance of a dietary supplement based on peer popularity demonstrates the bandwagon fallacy, while Jordan’s approach of waiting for scientific research exemplifies scientific skepticism.
Correlation
- A correlation coefficient of .68 represents a strong positive correlation between two variables.
Reliability and Validity
- The RENPHO Smart Scale is reliable but not valid because it consistently gives the same incorrect measurement.
- The Etekcity Digital Scale is neither reliable nor valid because it gives different readings each time, which don't reflect the true weight.
Independent and Dependent Variables
- In Talon's study on grief, number of familial deaths is the independent variable (IV) and psychological growth is the dependent variable (DV).
Standard Deviation
- A small standard deviation indicates that data points are more tightly clustered around the mean.
Pseudosymmetry
- The Fair and Balanced Sunday Newspaper’s equal coverage of both sides of the climate change debate creates the appearance of pseudosymmetry, although scientific consensus supports one side.
Neuroimaging
- Dr. Acuña should utilize Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify differences in brain composition between young and older adults.
Brain Development
- Older children performing better on learning tasks despite having less grey matter suggests that pruning of synapses is taking place.
Brain Lateralization
- Mitchell, studying brain lateralization, would likely be interested in speech comprehension, reading, and facial perception. Breathing regulation is not typically associated with brain lateralization.
Nervous System
- The sympathetic nervous system is activated when Johann experiences rapid heart rate and sweating due to a perceived threat.
Hormones
- Cortisol is the least helpful hormone for escaping an angry alligator because its primary role is stress management, not quick physical responses.
Genetics and Environment
- Adoption studies are the best approach for investigating the relative contributions of genetics and environment on political orientation.
Gestalt Principles
- Jean's perception of the giant green X as one line over another highlights the Gestalt principle of simplicity (pragnanz).
- Tabatha's perception of a bottle of fragrance from small dots illustrates the Gestalt principle of closure.
- Mathias' experience of perceiving both the old and young woman in the drawing demonstrates the Gestalt principle of figure/ground.
Hypnosis
- The sociocognitive theory suggests that Abram, who believes in the legitimacy of hypnosis, would be more susceptible to its effects.
Sleep Stages
- Myoclonic jerks are common in Stage 1 sleep and are associated with theta waves.
Sleep Disorders
- Claire’s husband may have sleep apnea, while her son may have night terrors.
Dream Theories
- The neurocognitive theory of dreaming best explains Jordan’s dream about being laid off, as it suggests that dreams reflect ongoing thoughts and concerns.
Amnesia
- Alejandra's inability to form new memories indicates anterograde amnesia.
Memory Development
- Suggestive memory techniques are not a reason why children's memory becomes more advanced over the course of development.
Long-Term Potentiation
- Takumi’s ability to easily switch between guitar chords demonstrates long-term potentiation in the neurons related to this task.
Implicit Memory
- Hector’s spelling of “hurricane” is an example of explicit memory, not implicit memory.
Cognitive Economy
- Sofia's careful listening and deliberate thinking does not exemplify cognitive economy because it goes against the principle of minimizing cognitive effort.
Subway Accident
- Javier's decision to never ride the subway after watching a documentary is an example of availability heuristic, as he overestimates the likelihood of a subway accident based on recent exposure.
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts in psychology, including cognitive biases, pseudoscience, and scientific skepticism. It also delves into the analysis of sleep behavior and the interpretation of correlation coefficients. Gain a deeper understanding of these psychological principles and their implications.
