Filtration Pressure Components Extra Questions PDF

**Filtration Pressure Components** 1. Which of the following best describes glomerular capillary pressure (GCP)? - A\) Pressure of filtrate in the lumen that opposes fluid movement - B\) Blood pressure inside the glomerular capillaries that drives fluid out into Bowman's...

**Filtration Pressure Components** 1. Which of the following best describes glomerular capillary pressure (GCP)? - A\) Pressure of filtrate in the lumen that opposes fluid movement - B\) Blood pressure inside the glomerular capillaries that drives fluid out into Bowman's capsule - C\) Osmotic pressure caused by proteins in the blood, drawing fluid back into capillaries - D\) Pressure generated by the movement of ions in the nephron - E\) Pressure in the collecting ducts\ **Answer: B** 2. What effect does capsule hydrostatic pressure (CHP) have on glomerular filtration? - A\) Increases filtration rate by pushing fluid into Bowman's capsule - B\) Opposes glomerular capillary pressure by resisting fluid movement into Bowman's capsule - C\) Promotes reabsorption of ions in the proximal tubule - D\) Has no effect on glomerular filtration - E\) Increases blood pressure\ **Answer: B** 3. Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) opposes filtration by: - A\) Creating a pressure gradient to push fluid into Bowman's capsule - B\) Drawing water back into the capillaries due to plasma proteins - C\) Forcing blood cells into the filtrate - D\) Increasing the GFR directly - E\) Lowering blood pH\ **Answer: B** 4. Given GCP = 50 mm Hg, CHP = 10 mm Hg, and BCOP = 30 mm Hg, what is the filtration pressure? - A\) 0 mm Hg - B\) 10 mm Hg - C\) 20 mm Hg - D\) 30 mm Hg - E\) 40 mm Hg\ **Answer: B** **Effects of Efferent Arteriole Constriction and Dilation on Filtration** 5. Constriction of the efferent arteriole would: - A\) Decrease glomerular pressure and filtration rate - B\) Increase glomerular pressure and filtration rate - C\) Reduce blood flow to the glomerulus - D\) Lower blood pressure in the afferent arteriole - E\) Have no effect on filtration\ **Answer: B** 6. How does dilation of the efferent arteriole impact glomerular filtration? - A\) Increases glomerular pressure and filtration rate - B\) Decreases glomerular pressure and filtration rate - C\) Raises blood pressure in the afferent arteriole - D\) Enhances reabsorption in the proximal tubule - E\) Has no impact on filtration\ **Answer: B** **Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)** 7. What does glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measure? - A\) The amount of urine produced per day - B\) The rate at which blood is filtered in the kidneys, impacting waste removal and fluid balance - C\) The blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries - D\) The reabsorption rate in the proximal tubule - E\) The concentration of proteins in the blood\ **Answer: B** **Intrinsic Mechanisms (Autoregulation)** 8. Autoregulation of GFR includes which of the following mechanisms? - A\) Tubuloglomerular feedback and sympathetic stimulation - B\) Myogenic mechanism and tubuloglomerular feedback - C\) Hormonal release and renin production - D\) Filtration pressure increase and afferent arteriole dilation - E\) Podocyte contraction and relaxation\ **Answer: B** 9. The myogenic mechanism helps maintain stable GFR by: - A\) Constricting afferent arterioles as blood pressure rises to prevent increased renal blood flow - B\) Dilating afferent arterioles as blood pressure rises to increase renal blood flow - C\) Constricting efferent arterioles in response to low blood pressure - D\) Increasing systemic blood pressure - E\) Releasing ADH in response to high blood pressure\ **Answer: A** 10. Tubuloglomerular feedback regulates GFR by: - A\) Constricting the efferent arteriole in response to high blood flow - B\) Sending signals from the macula densa to constrict afferent arterioles when filtrate flow rate is high - C\) Decreasing systemic blood pressure - D\) Increasing the filtration fraction at Bowman's capsule - E\) Secreting renin directly into the blood\ **Answer: B** **Extrinsic Mechanisms (Sympathetic Nervous System and Hormonal Regulation)** 11. During extreme conditions like hemorrhage, sympathetic stimulation affects GFR by: - A\) Constricting small arteries and afferent arterioles, reducing renal blood flow and filtrate formation - B\) Dilating the efferent arteriole to increase blood flow - C\) Increasing renal blood flow and filtrate formation - D\) Enhancing water reabsorption in the loop of Henle - E\) Stimulating the release of aldosterone\ **Answer: A** 12. How does renin contribute to GFR regulation through hormonal control? - A\) It directly lowers blood pressure in the kidneys - B\) It forms angiotensin I, which leads to vasoconstriction and helps maintain GFR - C\) It promotes dilation of the afferent arteriole - D\) It decreases systemic blood pressure - E\) It increases urine output\ **Answer: B** **Cells in the Renal Corpuscle and Juxtaglomerular Apparatus** 13. Podocytes are specialized cells that: - A\) Form the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule - B\) Wrap around glomerular capillaries and form part of the filtration membrane - C\) Line the proximal convoluted tubule to reabsorb glucose - D\) Detect changes in filtrate composition - E\) Regulate renin secretion\ **Answer: B** 14. Where are juxtaglomerular cells located, and what is their function? - A\) In the efferent arteriole; they increase glomerular pressure - B\) In the afferent arteriole; they release renin to regulate blood pressure - C\) In Bowman's capsule; they filter proteins - D\) In the distal convoluted tubule; they reabsorb sodium - E\) In the collecting duct; they adjust urine pH\ **Answer: B** 15. The macula densa cells are located in the: - A\) Proximal convoluted tubule, where they regulate potassium secretion - B\) Afferent arteriole, where they sense blood flow - C\) Distal convoluted tubule, where they detect sodium concentration in the filtrate - D\) Loop of Henle, where they concentrate the filtrate - E\) Collecting duct, where they adjust filtrate pH\ **Answer: C**