Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) PDF

Towards a more resilient nation  SCI-100 Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Accident/incident Causation & Emergency Response  Learning Outcome Understand relationship from Hazard to accident/incident Analyze different types of accident/incident causation mod...

Towards a more resilient nation  SCI-100 Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Accident/incident Causation & Emergency Response  Learning Outcome Understand relationship from Hazard to accident/incident Analyze different types of accident/incident causation models Understand the elements of emergency preparedness Relationship from Hazard to Accident/ Incident 4  Relationship from Hazard to Accident/Incident Hazard The potential to cause Harm. Harm including ill health and injury, damage to property, plant/machinery, products or the environment, production losses or increased liabilities. 5  Relationship from Hazard to Accident/Incident Risk Means the likelihood that a specified undesired event will occur due to the realization of a hazard Risk is created from work activities or by the products and services of a person's job. 6 Relationship from Hazard to Accident/Incident Incident & Near Miss/Dangerous Occurrence Any incident that could have resulted in an accident event that has unintentionally happened, but may not result in damage, harm or injury a near miss that could have led to serious injury or loss of life. 7 Relationship from Hazard to Accident/Incident Event that has Accident unintentionally Undesired circumstances which give happened, that rise to ill-health or injury, damage to results in property, plant, products or the damage, injury environment; production losses or or harm increased liabilities. 8  Definition – Ill Health Acute and chronic ill health caused by physical, chemical or biological agents as well as adverse effects on mental health. Occupational illness Occupational injury abnormal condition or disorder Crush, cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation caused by exposure to resulting from a workplace incident. (i.e. a environmental factors associated broken arm after falling from a ladder) with employment (i.e. firefighter might develop cancer following exposure to chemicals in fire retardants or a solider may experience post- traumatic stress disorder) Relationship from Hazard to Accident/Incident Safety, Control Measure & Residual Risk Control Measure - actions taken to reduce the potential of exposure to the hazard Remaining risks after controls applied The ‘control of accidental loss’. 10  Accident Pyramid Death 1 Serious Injury Lost Time Injury /Death LimitedWorkTime 10 Minor Injury Record (Medical Treatment) 30 Asset Loss FirstAid /Damages Near Miss 600 Near Miss UnsafeAct  Accident Causation Accident Causation Models were originally developed in order to assist people who had to investigate occupational accidents/incidents, so that such accidents could be investigated effectively and the reason or cause discovered and understood! 14  Domino Theory Heinrich et al, 1980 presented a set of theorems known as ‘the axioms of industrial safety’. The occurrence of an injury invariably results from a complicated sequence of factors, the last one of which being the accident/incident itself.’ 15  Domino Theory Sequence Injury, caused by an; Accident/incident, due to an; Unsafe act and/or mechanical or physical hazard, due to the; Fault of the Person, caused by their; Ancestry and Social Environment. 16  Effect Social Fault of the Unsafe Act Environment Person or Accident Injury and Ancestry Condition Inherited Behavior carelessness, bad Performing a Outcome of (e.g., alcoholism) temper, task without the some accidents recklessness, etc. appropriate but not all PPE  Avoiding Accident/Incident The accident/incident is avoided, by removing one of the dominoes. Domino Theory is the foundation for accident prevention measures aimed at preventing unsafe acts or unsafe conditions. 18  Effect If one of the dominoes is removed then the chain of events will be halted, and the accident/incident will not happen Element 3 (unsafe act and/or mechanical or physical hazard) is probably the easiest factor to remove Social Fault of the Unsafe Act No No Environment Person or and Ancestry Condition Accident Injury Implementing Domino Theory Accident 20 Near Miss  Case Study 1 Two insurance agents are driving above the speed limits due to them being late for an important appointment. They forgot to properly schedule their meeting with a client. At one of the intersections, the driver runs through the red lights and crashes into vehicles from other intersections. Both insurance agents were badly injured and transported to the hospital.  Case Study 2 Novotel hotel caught on fire yesterday and three people were badly injured while others are safe. The AD Civil Defense has instructed the Novatel hotel to close and stop operation for 10 days for investigation and forensics to occur! The initial investigation found that the source of ignition is from a cigarette butt thrown in the trash bin at the lift lobby of Level 10. Unfortunately, the hotel workers failed to use the fire extinguishers located nearby causing the fire to spread. The smoking policy is quite clear in Novotel however, the enforcement of this policy at the moment is questionable.  Accident Cost Iceberg Model Proportion of hidden costs could be Penalties, fines, productive time much larger than the costs directly loss, loss of sales and potential related to the accident. customers, damages to the machines or equipment, cost of Direct cost can be estimated based idle time, repair, loss of man hours, on the nature of the accident. cost to hire replacement workers, documentation cost, etc. Indirect cost is the biggest obstacle for a reliable predictor of the total cost of accidents. 25  $1 Emergency Response Injury & Illness & Damage Injury Illness $5 to $50 Building Equipment & Tools Ledger cost of Property Damage Product and material Legal ramification Investigation time $1 to $3 Wages Training Reputation Overtime Miscellaneous Cost 26 Swiss Cheese Model Organisation's defences against failure are modelled as a series of barriers, represented as slices of the cheese. The holes in the cheese slices represent individual weaknesses in individual parts of the system  Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) HFACS identifies the human causes of HFACS is based in the "Swiss cheese model" of an accident and offers tools for analysis human error, which looks at four levels of human as a way to plan preventive training. failure, including unsafe acts, preconditions for unsafe acts, unsafe supervision, and organizational influences. ) Emergency Response  Six Critical Elements of Emergency Preparedness 1. Identification of influencing factors 2. Establish disaster management policy 3. Organisation for disaster 4. Disaster and emergency planning 5. Monitoring of emergency preparedness plan 6. Audit and review the plan regularly to ensure it meets known and emerging risks  1. Identification of Influencing Factors Determination of scope Identification of Hazard and Risk Identification of Major accident and worst case scenario that could occur Natural Hazards & Man-made Hazards in UAE  2. Establishment of Disaster Management Policy Level of Emergency Objective to be accomplished during disaster Local regulatory requirement Test, Review, Training & Update frequency  Federal Decree-Law No. (2) of 2011 Key Points Objectives and Competences of the Authority Emergency, Crisis, and Disaster Management Levels Prevention and Preparedness Measures Response and Recovery Measures Management Teams Declaration of the Disaster-stricken Area Risk and Threat Register  Federal Decree-Law No. (2) of 2011 Ensuring Business Continuity Occupational and Institutional Security and Safety Information Exchange and Public Communication Use of Government Resources, Public- benefit Associations, and the Private Sector Providing Assistance and Compensation External Emergencies, Crises, and Disasters and International Aid (UN, Red Crescent etc)  Entity - Tiered Response Tier 1 : Incident - TACTICAL ▪Small scale incident - Media impact local ▪ERT Mobilised ▪EMT Notified ▪Medium scale incident - Media impact Tier 2 : Emergency - OPERATIONAL national ▪EMT Mobilised ▪CMT Notified ▪Ext. Support is notified and requested Tier 3 : Crisis - STRATEGIC ▪Impact is global ▪All CMT assembled ▪Ext. support requested  3. Organisation for Disasters ERT, EMT & CMT Roles and Responsibility - (Checklist) “Chain” of Command Communication and Notification EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBERS In case of an emergency, you can call the following numbers while anywhere in the UAE: 999 for Police 998 for Ambulance 997 for Fire Department (Civil Defence) 996 for Coastguard 995 for Find and Rescue 991 for electricity failure 922 for water failure.  Information & Communication & Organization Control Center Resource Command Crisis Lead Tier 3 CMT Room CMT (Crisis) Tier 2 Incident (Emergency) ECC EMT Commander Tier 1 CCR/Facility On Scene (Incident) ERT Commander (OSC) Determination LEVEL COMMAND LOCATION Factors TIER 1 OSC CCR/Facility Injuries Fatality TIER 2 IC ECC Pollution Property/Asset damage Media/public interest TIER 3 CMT CMT Room Developing incident  The UAE National Emergency Organization NCEMA Federal Level Ministry of Health Ministry of Interior Medical Service CivilDefence Police Local Level Respond First Responders Event  4. Disaster and Emergency Planning Flow chart Evacuation planning Incident action planning Emergency procedure  5. Monitoring of Plan Training Emergency drill Table Top Exercise Internal or full deployment drill  6. Audit and Review Emergency Response Preparedness Audit Post Exercise Report Audit the plan Review documentation for improvement