EC-10Ch12_generate-quiz PDF

🙂: Create open-ended questions 🤖 Smallpdf.com: Questions: 1. What were the trends in allowable automobile emissions for hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) before controls and in 1970? 2. What role do catalytic converters play in reducing automobile emissions? 3....

🙂: Create open-ended questions 🤖 Smallpdf.com: Questions: 1. What were the trends in allowable automobile emissions for hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) before controls and in 1970? 2. What role do catalytic converters play in reducing automobile emissions? 3. What are peroxyacyl nitrates and why are they significant air pollutants? 4. What conditions contribute to the formation of photochemical smog? 5. What are some of the effects of smog on human health and the environment? Answers: 1. Before controls, the allowable emissions were HC: 10.6 g/mile, CO: 84.0 g/mile, and NOx: 4.1 g/mile. In 1970, the emissions were reduced to HC: 4.1 g/mile, CO: 34.0 g/mile, and NOx was not specified. 2. Catalytic converters oxidize hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) and reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx), thereby limiting the overall emissions from vehicles. 3. Peroxyacyl nitrates, such as peroxyacetyl nitrate, are significant air pollutants because they are characteristic of photochemical smog, act as eye irritants and mutagens, and are potent phytotoxins that adversely affect plants. 4. Photochemical smog is formed under conditions of hydrocarbon pollution, nitrogen oxide (NO) pollution, intense sunlight, and stagnant air. 5. Smog has several effects including respiratory issues due to ozone, damage to materials like rubber, reduced visibility in the atmosphere, and toxicity to plants from ozone and organic oxidants such as peroxyacetyl nitrate.