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Questions and Answers
What was the allowable emission level for hydrocarbons (HC) in 1970?
What was the allowable emission level for hydrocarbons (HC) in 1970?
Catalytic converters eliminate all types of automobile emissions completely.
Catalytic converters eliminate all types of automobile emissions completely.
False
What are peroxyacyl nitrates and why are they considered significant air pollutants?
What are peroxyacyl nitrates and why are they considered significant air pollutants?
Peroxyacyl nitrates are significant air pollutants because they are characteristic of photochemical smog and can cause eye irritation, mutagenicity, and harm to plants.
Photochemical smog is formed under conditions of hydrocarbon pollution, nitrogen oxide pollution, intense sunlight, and _____ air.
Photochemical smog is formed under conditions of hydrocarbon pollution, nitrogen oxide pollution, intense sunlight, and _____ air.
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Match the pollutants with their effects:
Match the pollutants with their effects:
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Study Notes
Hydrocarbon Emission Levels in 1970
- The allowable emission level for hydrocarbons (HC) in 1970 was 2.2 grams per mile.
Catalytic Converters
- Catalytic converters do not eliminate all types of automobile emissions completely.
- The main function of catalytic converters is to reduce harmful emissions such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides.
- They do not eliminate other pollutants like particulate matter or sulfur dioxide.
Peroxyacyl Nitrates
- Peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs) are a group of highly reactive chemicals formed in the atmosphere from the reaction of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides.
- PANs are considered significant air pollutants because they are toxic to plants and animals, irritate the eyes and respiratory system, and contribute to the formation of photochemical smog.
Photochemical Smog Formation
- Photochemical smog is formed under conditions of hydrocarbon pollution, nitrogen oxide pollution, intense sunlight, and stagnant air.
Air Pollutant Effects
- Carbon monoxide (CO): Reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, leading to health problems, especially for people with heart and lung conditions.
- Nitrogen oxides (NOx): Contribute to acid rain and smog, irritate the respiratory system, and can harm plants.
- Sulfur dioxide (SO2): A major component of acid rain, irritates the respiratory system.
- Ozone (O3): Damages the respiratory system, reduces lung function, and damages plants.
- Particulate matter (PM): Can lodge in the lungs, causing respiratory problems and heart disease.
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Description
This quiz explores the evolution of automobile emissions standards from pre-1970s to the 1970s, highlighting the role of catalytic converters in emission control. It also covers the impact of harmful pollutants like peroxyacyl nitrates, which contribute to photochemical smog. Test your knowledge on these critical environmental issues!
