EAPP-PPT-WEEK1-Q1.pdf

English for Academic and Professional Purposes Topic: Reading Academic Texts MELC/s: Differentiate language used in academic texts from various disciplines. (CS- EN11/12A-EAPP-Ia-c-2).  Read and analyze the texts. List down what you have noticed on the given texts. ...

English for Academic and Professional Purposes Topic: Reading Academic Texts MELC/s: Differentiate language used in academic texts from various disciplines. (CS- EN11/12A-EAPP-Ia-c-2).  Read and analyze the texts. List down what you have noticed on the given texts.  Language Section 6. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the education system. Section 7. For purposes of communication and instruction, the official language of the Philippines are Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English. The regional languages are the auxiliary media of instruction therein, Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis. Section 8. This constitution shall be promulgated in Filipino and English and shall be translated into major regional languages, Arabic, and Spanish. Section 9. The Congress shall establish a national language commission composed of representatives of various regions and disciplines which shall undertake, coordinate, and promote researches for the development, propagation, and preservation of Filipino and other languages.  Okay not to be okay As I close my eyes and begin to reflect on my mental health journey, the images of tenth grade flip through my mind like snapshots from an invisible reel. When my classmates were enthusiastically answering questions in class, I sulked in my seat. When my classmates were sparking conversations with strangers and befriending them, I felt overwhelmed and crushed being around people I didn’t know. In addition, the heavy workload of the International Baccalaureate program I was in was draining my energy. I struggled every day — in classrooms, during lunch breaks, in the midst of homework assignments — in isolation. I chose to sit in the very left corner of my classroom where I was least visible to the teacher and most of my classmates. I chose to eat lunch beside my locker, while spending the rest of the break hiding in the restrooms. I chose to pretend that I was sick on quiz and test days. I felt helpless and lost. Books didn’t interest me anymore. My grades dropped. I was stuck in my own prison of thoughts. I was afraid to talk to anyone. I was afraid that people would judge me. I was afraid to fail. I wanted to break away from this prison and free myself. But it was not easy, and I gave up. I didn’t know what to do. What have you noticed between the two sample texts? Academic Text and Non-academic Text  Academic Text An academic text is a reading material that provides information which include concepts and theories that are related to the specific discipline. The following are considered as academic texts: Research Paper, Conference Paper, Feasibility Study, Thesis/Dissertation, Reviews, Essay, Academic Journals, Reports. Six Main Types of Academic Text 1. Textbook - These are specifically designed to help the learner. For example, they might have summaries or review quizzes. 2. Essays - Student essays vary in length and formality, but they usually contain three sections: Introduction, Main Body, Conclusion. They usually need to include citation of sources. Essays help teachers to see what students have learned and how deeply. 3. Theses - You will probably have to write longer texts at postgraduate level. Longer texts include dissertations (typically 10,000 to 20,000 words) at the Master's level and theses (typically 60,000 to 80,000 words) at Doctor's level (Ph.D.). The structure and style vary across disciplines but is likely to include the following: Introduction, Background, Literature Review, Research Design/Methodology, Results/Findings, Discussion/Interpretation, Recommendations, and Conclusion. 4. Research Articles - Research articles are written mainly for a specialist audience – researchers, academics and postgraduate students. They usually contain the following: Introduction to the research, Literature review, Background to the research and method, Results or main findings, Discussion, including authors' interpretation of the results, Recommendations: ideas for future research, Conclusion, Bibliography and Appendix (optional) to give information such as tables of raw data from the research 5. Case studies - may be found in any discipline, though they are most common in disciplines such as business, sociology, and law. They are primarily descriptive. A typical structure is as follows: Context (what is the focus, where, when?) Description of the setting (person, company or place)how does the account change over the period of time under investigation. Headings help the audience work through the text 6. Reports - the purpose of reports is to describe what happened and discuss and evaluate its importance. Reports are found in different disciplines, such as science, law, and medicine. These include some or all of the following: - Context/Overview (Title, Contents, etc.) - Introduction - Methodology/Description of the event (e.g., a piece of research) - Findings/Main points - Discussion/Evaluation - Conclusion  Non-academic Text Non-academic texts include writings that are informal and dedicated to a lay audience. Non-academic articles are written for the widespread public. Articles, e-mail messages, text messages, journal writing, and letters are some examples of nonacademic text.  Nature of Academic Texts  Tone The overall tone refers to the attitude conveyed in a piece of writing. The arguments of others are fairly presented and with an appropriate narrative tone. When presenting a position or argument that disagrees with one’s perspectives, describe the argument accurately without loaded or biased language.  Language It is important to use unambiguous language. Clear topic sentences enable a reader to follow your line of thinking without difficulty. Formal language and the third person point-of view should be used. Technical language appropriate to the area of study may also be used, however it does not mean using “big words” just for the sake of doing so.  Structure Unlike fiction or journalistic writing, the overall structure of an academic text is formal and logical (Introduction, Body, Conclusion). It must be cohesive and possess a logically organized flow of ideas; this means that various parts are connected to form a unified whole.  Citation Citing sources in the body of the paper and providing a list of references as either footnotes or endnotes is a very important aspect of an academic text. It is essential to always acknowledge the source of any ideas, research findings, data, or quoted text that have been used in a paper as a defense against allegations of plagiarism.  Complexity An academic text addresses complex issues that require higher-order thinking skills to comprehend.  Evidence-based Arguments What is valued in an academic text is that opinions are based on a sound understanding of the pertinent body of knowledge and academic debates that exist within, and often external to a specific discipline.  Thesis-driven The starting point of an academic text is a particular perspective, idea or position applied to the chosen research problem, such as establishing, proving, or disproving solutions to the questions posed for the topic. Academic VS Non-academic Academic Language refers to the oral, written, auditory, and visual language proficiency required to learn effectively in schools and academic programs. It is also the language used in classroom lessons, books, tests, and assignments. It is the language that students are expected to learn and achieve fluency in. Characteristics of Academic Language Formal - It should not be conversational and casual. Avoid colloquial and idiomatic expressions, slang, and contractions. dig in cup of tea dude don’t Characteristics of Academic Language Impersonal - Do not refer to yourself as the performer of actions. Do not use personal pronouns. For example: “It is commonly said that…” instead of “Many of my friends and colleagues say that…” “Research revealed that…” instead of “I discovered that” Characteristics of Academic Language Precise - The facts are presented accurately. The choice of words are appropriate. The use of technical terms to achieve precision is applied. Objective - It is unbiased, based on facts and is not influenced by personal feelings. For example: “The essay on… is distressing.” instead of “I do not like the essay”…  Social Language is the simple, informal language we use when talking face to face with family members and friends. It allows us to use contemporary or slang terms like “cool,” “awesome,” or “dude.” We can also communicate feelings, needs, and wants using symbolic hand gestures for drink, eat, hot, cold, hurt, or tired. Social language also includes writing emails, friendly letters, and texts or retelling stories. Social VS Academic  A learner like you, should study and practice the use of academic language in order to master it and to be able to apply into writing even in speaking. Thank you for listening!