Dr. Islam Omar Introduction to Anatomy and Skeletal System PDF

 Intended Learning Outcomes At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to:  Define the word (Anatomy)  Enumerate the different anatomical fields  Describe different anatomical terms of position & movements as well as different anatomical planes Definition the word (Anatomy)...

 Intended Learning Outcomes At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to:  Define the word (Anatomy)  Enumerate the different anatomical fields  Describe different anatomical terms of position & movements as well as different anatomical planes Definition the word (Anatomy)  FIELDS OF ANATOMY 9 1. Gross (macroscopic) Anatomy: 2- Surface Anatomy: 3- Histology (microscopic Anatomy): 4- Developmental Anatomy (Embryology): 5- Comparative Anatomy: 6- Applied Anatomy: 7- Radiological Anatomy: LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN BODY  Approaches to study Anatomy System approach: Regional approach:  ANATOMICAL POSITION  Anatomical Position: 1. ………….. 2. …………... 3. ………….. 4. …………..  OTHER BODY POSITIONS 1. Supine position:  OTHER BODY POSITIONS 2. Prone position:  OTHER BODY POSITIONS 3. Lithotomy position: ANATOMICAL PLANES  ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIVE POSITION 1. Anterior (ventral): 2. Posterior (dorsal): 3. Superior (cranial): 4. Inferior (caudal): 5. Central: 6. Peripheral:  ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIVE POSITION 7. Medial: 8. Lateral: 9. Ipsilateral: 10. Contralateral:  ANATOMICAL TERMS OF THE LIMBS 1. Proximal: 2. Distal: 3. Preaxial border: 4. Postaxial border: 5. Flexor surface: 6. Extensor surface: ANATOMICAL TERMS OF SOLID ORGANS 1. Superficial (external): 2. Deep (internal):  ANATOMICAL TERMS DESCRIBING MOVEMENTS 1. Flexion: 2. Extension:  ANATOMICAL TERMS DESCRIBING MOVEMENTS 3. Abduction: 4. Adduction  ANATOMICAL TERMS DESCRIBING MOVEMENTS 5. Medial rotation: 6. Lateral rotation: 7. Circumduction:  ANATOMICAL TERMS DESCRIBING MOVEMENTS 8. Elevation: 9. Depression:  ANATOMICAL TERMS DESCRIBING MOVEMENTS 10. Protrusion: 11. Retraction:  ANATOMICAL TERMS DESCRIBING MOVEMENTS 12. Pronation: 13. Supination:  ANATOMICAL TERMS DESCRIBING MOVEMENTS 14. Dorsiflexion: 15. Planter flexion: 16. Inversion of foot: 17. Eversion of foot:  ANATOMICAL TERMS DESCRIBING MOVEMENTS 18. Opposition: 19. Reposition:  REFERENCES  Clinical Anatomy by Systems, 8th Edition, Richard S. Snell. B.D. Chaurasia’s General anatomy. D.r:Khalid Ayman Elmorshedy  INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to:  Enumerate the functions of bone  Classify bones according to shape, structure & development  Enumerate the bones of axial and their functions  BONE  Definition of bone:  FUNCTIONS OF BONE 1. Support: 2. Protection: 3. Levers: 4. Mineral Storage: 5. Blood Cell Formation (Hematopoiesis): 6. Body weight transmission: 7. Joint formation:  HUMAN SKELETON It consists of 206 bones. It can be studied in 2 parts: A- Exoskeleton: B- Endoskelton: 1- Axial skeleton 2- Appendicular skeleton  1- AXIAL SKELETON It consists of 80 bones Consists of the following bones:  2- APPENDICULAR SKELETON Consists of the (126): Upper Extremity (64) Lower Extremity (62)  CLASSIFICATIONS OF BONES 1- According to the microscopic structure:  CLASSIFICATIONS OF BONES 2- According to development (bone formation) (ossification): 1. Membranous 2. Cartilagenous  CLASSIFICATIONS OF BONES 3- According to the shape of bones :  Long bones  Short bones  Flat bones  Irregular bones  Sesamoid bones  Pneumatic bones CLASSIFICATIONS OF BONES  According to bone marrow:  Red.  Yellow. Gross Anatomy of Long Bone (structure of long bones) Don’t forget: 1. Diaphysis 2. Epiphysis 3. Periosteum 4. Medullary cavity 5. Articular cartilage MAJOR BONES OF SKELETON  SKULL It is made up of 22 bones and 6 ear ossicles: Paired bones Unpaired bones Enumerate them Enumerate them Bones of middle ear cavity Enumerate them  VERTEBRAL COLUMN It is made up of 33 vertebrae, namely, 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 4 coccygeal vertebrae.  THORACIC CAGE It consists of 12 thoracic vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages, sternum and xiphoid process. TYPICAL THORACIC VEREBRA  REFERENCES  Clinical Anatomy by Systems, 8th Edition, Richard S. Snell.  B.D. Chaurasia’s General anatomy.