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HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE FINAL EXAMS House erected on steep inclines or projecting over water in southern Diaojiaolou China. What materials were primarily used in the construction of the Dome of the Marble and limestone Rock? Is a unique structural element of interlocking wooden brack...

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE FINAL EXAMS House erected on steep inclines or projecting over water in southern Diaojiaolou China. What materials were primarily used in the construction of the Dome of the Marble and limestone Rock? Is a unique structural element of interlocking wooden brackets, one of the Dougong most important elements in traditional Chinese architecture. How does the octagonal shape of the Dome of the Rock contribute to its It represents the eight architectural significance? gates of heaven. Jian is the basic measure in construction, it is also the standard unit of True space marked by adjacent frame supports. Bell tower or pavilion at the right side of a city gate, palace entrance, or Zhonglou forecourt of a temple. Monumental gateway to a palace, tomb, or sacred place. Pailou/Paifang How does the architectural layout of Borobudur reflect Buddhist Tiered platforms cosmology? depicting the stages of enlightenment The Palace of Heavenly Purity in Beijing, China was built by Emperor False Huang Ti, and is known to be the best preserved imperial palace in China. Feedback:Built by emperor Zhu Di ______________ is a spirit altar, raised astronomical observatory; usually Lingtai the central, circular upper storey of the mingtang. In Thailand, Lak Mueang or ___________ _____________ is a shrine City Pillar which is also believed to house Chao Pho Lak Mueang, the city spirit deity Khmer architecture is also known as ________________ architecture. Angkorian Burma is now known as _________________. Myanmar ______________ _________________ is architecture characterized by Vernacular Architecture the use of local materials and knowledge, usually without the supervision of professional architects Ethnic groups in Indonesia are often associated with their own distinctive True form of rumah adat. Monumental, ceremonial gateway and basic symbolic structure in Chinese Pai-Lou architecture. And, sometimes erected as memorials to eminent persons. Confucianism pursues the harmonious unity of humans and nature. False (Taoist) The following describes the arrangement of buildings in Chinese Pagodas are usually architecture, except for: located at the center of a palace complex ntire grouping is organized around a central pathway or axis Largest and most important building at the northernmost. Surrounding structures and courtyards increase in size as they  get closer to the main building. An important feature in Chinese architecture is its emphasis on articulation Bilateral Symmetry which signifies balance and equality. Classical Chinese buildings, especially those of the wealthy are built with Horizontal Emphasis an emphasis on breadth and less on height, with close heavy platform and a large roof that floats over this base, with the vertical walls not well emphasized. In the cosmological concepts of Chinese architecture, this color signifies Green health, prosperity, fertility, and harmony. What is the primary focus of Shintoism, often referred to as the "Way of the Harmony with Nature Gods"? In the cosmological concepts of Chinese architecture, this color signifies Red happiness, success, and good fortune. What cultural and religious significance does the Dome of the Rock hold It is where Muhammad for Muslims? ascended to heaven. In the cosmological concepts of Chinese architecture, this color White corresponds to metal, and is the color of mourning. In the architecture of Indonesia, it is the grandest traditional houses of Rumoh Aceh Aceh. What was the origin of the term "Saracen" according to the lecture? Taken from the Arabic word "Sahara" In the architecture of Indonesia, it is distinct for their multiple gables with Rumah Gadang dramatically upsweeping ridge ends The Borobudur Temple Compounds Rumah Gadang Tongkonan Which architectural period integrated the art of Tawaravadee and Khmer Age of Authong civilization? In Khmer architecture, these are reservoirs, generally created by Srah and baray excavation and embankment, respectively. Why are traditional Japanese houses often designed with sliding doors? To conserve space In which Asian country would you find the architectural marvel known as Malaysia the Petronas Towers? How does the use of horseshoe arches characterize Islamic architecture in Demonstrates cultural Spain? adaptation When does Saracenic chronology begin, and what event marks its starting 622 AD; The Hejira or point? flight of Mahomet Analyzing the impact of Dutch and Spanish colonization on the Influence on religious architectural diversity in Indonesia and the Philippines, respectively, which buildings, Preservation of the following is true? of indigenous architecture Introduction of European styles Wat Arun Ratchawararam Ratchawaramahawihan (or simply, Wat Arun) False means 'Temple by the River'. Feedback:Temple of Dawn What is the primary purpose of minarets in Islamic architecture? Call to prayer What is the primary architectural style of the Forbidden City in Beijing, Chinese Imperial China? What is the traditional house called by the Acehnese people? Rumoh Aceh Bangkok, the capital of Thailand is also called as Krung Thep, meaning True “city of angels”. hailand (or Prathet Thai), means “land of the free” True A __________________ is a small structure, built on stilts, designed to Kuti house a monk Which architectural style is NOT found in Indonesia due to its historical Spanish Colonial development? The Maurya and Gupta periods in ancient India are known for the Stupas and viharas construction of: A gopura is an entrance building. At Angkor, passage through the Gopura enclosure walls surrounding a temple compound is frequently accomplished by means of an impressive gopura, rather than just an aperture in the wall or a doorway. The ________________ Pagoda in Yangon is a stupa and a focal point of Shwedagon Buddhism in Myanmar. What is sculpted in an undulating, serpentine nag sadung shape on the Nāga roof's edge? Which architectural element in a mosque is associated with a fountain Fawara _______________ is a code of social conduct and philosophy of life, family Confucianism and ancestor worship Feng Shui which literaly means __________ __________, is a traditional Wind Water Chinese concept linking the destiny of man to his environment. In Yin-Yang, it is the masculine, bright, and positive side Yang What is the primary material used in the construction of the Taj Mahal? Marble The Great Wall was originally conceived by Emperor Qin Shi Huang __________________________ in the third century B.C. as a means of preventing incursions from barbarian nomads. It is a 9th-century Hindu temple compound in Special Region of Rara Jonggrang Yogyakarta, Indonesia, dedicated to the Trimūrti, the expression of God as the Creator (Brahma), the Preserver (Vishnu) and the Transformer (Shiva). The _______________ is the tall finger-like spire, usually richly carved, Prang common to much Khmer religious architecture. One of the main deities of Hinduism, whom Shaivites worship as the Shiva supreme god. Fortifications for wartime purposes were also built by the Ivatan in the Idjang islands of Batanes. Which ancient Chinese architectural structure is known for its use of Dougong wooden brackets to support roofs? The Chao Phraya and the Mekong River are the indispensable True watercourses of rural Thailand. Chinese pagodas usually have even number of stories like 8 or 10. False In Chinese architecture, the main structure is located on the central axis of True a court while less-important structures are located to the left and right. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is which the throne of the emperor stands. True Introduction of writing, development of an urban civilization, and a mastery Shang Dynasty of bronze casting. A ______________ is a sequence of rulers from the same family or clan, Dynasty usually in the context of a feudal or monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in elective republics. What is the purpose of the Shikinen Sengū, a twenty-year renewal Passing building process, at Ise Jingu? techniques In which country is the Borobudur Temple Complex located? Indonesia In Indian Architecture, these are monumental pillars standing free without Stambhas any structural function, also, circular or octagonal shafts Buddhist memorial mound erected to enshrine a relic of Buddha, to Stupa commemorate special events or mark a sacred spot. Sundanese Kampung Houses What is the primary architectural style of the Taj Mahal? Mughal What does Sorin represent in the context of a Japanese pagoda, and how It crowns the spire does it contribute to the overall design? Great Wall of China Wat Phra Kaew In Yin-Yang, it is the feminine, dark, and negative side. Yin  Batak Toba House Sala Thai Wat Arun ARCHITECTURE OF INDONESIA The Prambanan temple complex is dedicated to which Hindu deities? Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva Which Indonesian architectural style is characterized by its dark wood, Minangkabau intricate carvings, and steeply pitched roofs? Which international organization played a key role in the restoration of UNESCO Prambanan? Borobudur reflects a combination of influences, including Indian and Buddhist Javanese. What architectural style does it predominantly represent? Which restoration project played a crucial role in preserving and reviving Borobudur Borobudur in the 20th century? Conservation Project Which Indonesian temple is considered the largest Buddhist temple in the Borobudur world? Vernacular architecture refers to: Locally adapted, traditional building styles The main temple in Prambanan is dedicated to Lord Shiva. What is the Candi Siwa name of this central temple? Borobudur's central dome was originally adorned with a large stupa. What Houses relics of the is the significance of this central stupa? Buddha  Borobudur Which architectural style is prevalent in the traditional houses of the Nias Omo sebua people, characterized by towering roofs with distinctive carvings? What is the traditional house of the Sundanese people called? Rumah Kampung CHINESE ARCHITECTURE The Chinese believes in "swerte" or luck. Which among these colors Green symbolizes luck, particularly for health and harmony. Which of the following was not a part of ancient Chinese architecture by Terraces function: The Chinese believes in "swerte" or luck. Which among these colors Gold symbolizes luck, particularly for glory and prosperity. It is the oldest surviving Chinese pagoda. Songyue Temple Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Chinese Architecture. Use of Classical Pediment (Bilateral Symmetry Heirarchical Application of Cosmological Concepts) It sits to the south of the Altar of Prayer for Good Harvests and is the place Imperial Vault of for housing the Gods’ tablets to be used at the Ceremony of Worshipping Heaven Heaven. The Chinese pagoda is also known as _______________. Ta It is a spirit altar that is usually located at the center of the circular upper Lingtai storey of the mingtang. 9.Which Ancient Chinese Architecture by function has mostly yellow roof Imperial Palaces tiles & red walls The Great Wall was originally conceived by ________________________ Emperor Qin Shi Huang in the third century B.C. as a means of preventing incursions from barbarian nomads. Qin Dynasty is the first dynasty of ancient China. False State Administration of Cultural Heritage announced that the official length 21,196.18 of the Great Wall is ______________ kilometers. The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia, the third-longest in the world True and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. Buddhism was introduced to China from Southeast Asia. False Architectural and decorative fashion employing Chinese ornamentation Dougong and structural elements, particularly in 18th century Rococo design. MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS The architectural character of Saracenic architecture is. The architectural character of Saracenic architecture is. In Saracenic architecture, the term "kiosk" is equivalent to. Chatri Which among the following are the characteristics of the Indo Gothic style I, II, and III of architecture? I. It is an hybrid of Indian and European styles II. Overhanging eaves and open pavilions III. Thinner walls and pointed arches Islamic Architecture can be found all around the world, including the Middle True East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Islamic architecture is from a long time ago and is not still constructed False today The Blue Mosque Dome Great Mosque of Córdoba Which of these is NOT a traditional element of Islamic architecture? Large Glass Windows What is this decorative element called? Geometric Patterns Arabic Calligraphy Arabesques  Horseshoe Arch Ogival Arch Minaret Muslims use all of the following decorative elements to decorate their Images of plants and architecture EXCEPT: animals (Geometric Patterns, Calligraphy, Arabesques _____ are semicircular niches that face the direction of Mecca. Used for Mihrab prayer. A ____ is a place of worship for followers of Islam. Mosque Which of the followings refer to the innermost sanctum of a Hindu temple? Garbhagriha The figure above shows the cross section of the Borobudur, depicting the 3 three realms of Buddhist cosmology. Which of the following label shows the formless world? _________ were formed as a place of worship near the Stupas. Chaityas ________ were built as residential place for monks. ________ were built as residential place for monks. ______________ contains the image in the temple. Garbhagriha The earliest example of the Indo Aryans architecture of Bhuvaneshwar is ___________. Parasu Rameswara Temple Who built Sanchi Stupas? Ashoka During the Gupta Dynasty, the court was the center of classical Indian art True and literature. During the Gupta Dynasty, the two great centers of sculpture were Mathura True and Gandhara. Shore Temple is one of the oldest example of freestanding Hindu temple. True It is the oldest of the Mughal monuments. Humayun's Tomb It is the main religion in India. Hinduism The Great Stupa, Sanchi Dhamekh Stupa, Sarnath Kesaria Stupa, Bihar  Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple A sanctuary of Hindu temple in which a deity is enshrined. Vimana It is the topmost point of the temple and commonly seen in North Indian Kalasha temples. It literally means ‘womb-house’ and is a cave like a sanctum. Garbhagriha Hall of the Public Audience Diwan-i-Am Japanese gateway Torii Also known as the Miyajima Torii that seems to float on the water during Itsukushima Floating high tide Torii Japanese gable roof Kirizuma Japanese hip roof Hogyo Japanese hip & gable roof Irimoya In Japanese Buddhist architecture, this is where the golden and worship Kondo hall is located. These usually have square plans that reach up to 5-storeys (45 meters Pagoda high usually) that has a suspended central timber to counteract earthquakes. Japanese term for veranda. Engawa A recess for flowers and art Tokonoma Japanese flower arrangement Ikebana Movable screens or panels with Japanese paper. Shoji Japanese tea house Chashitsu Himeji Castle (Hyogo, Japan) Amida Hall (Kyoto, Japan) Ninomaru Palace (Kyoto, Japan)  Matsumoto Castle (Nagano, Japan) The largest shrine in Japan Kibitsu Shrine (Okayama, Japan) Kinkakuji Golden Pavilion (Kyoto, Japan) Horyuji Temple (Nara, Japan) Izumo Shrine (Shimane, Japan It has the oldest shimenawa (a rope tied across an object to signify sanctity) During the Gupta Dynasty, the court was the center of classical Indian art True and literature. SARACENIC AND INDIAN ARCHITECTURE ____________ are semicircular niches that face the direction of Mecca. Mihrab Used for prayer. True or False. The Great Mosque of Cordoba is an example of Spanish True Saracenic Architecture. This Indian empire was magnificent as it gave birth to rich art and culture. GUPTA Art and architecture was at its peak during this period. rue or False. The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is an example of Early False Christian Saracenic Architecture. Feedback:Assyrian Saracenic It is an open-fronted porch facing a court. Iwan It is one of the main religion of India that believes in reincarnation, wherein Hinduism the soul comes back to life in a different body. It was built by Suryavarman, king of the Khmer empire, constructed to Angkor Wat honor the Hindu god, Vishnu and to serve as the king’s tomb after he died. Buddhist monasteries often excavated from solid rock Viharas Axis oriented towards Mecca. Kibla Implies a covered shelter, house, room. The common semitic root of the Bayt word for habitation "dwelling". Cloistered or arcaded courtyard of an Islamic Architecture or Buildings. Sahn It is commonly known as Jama Masjid of Delhi and is one of the biggest in Masjid-i-Jehan-Numa India. True or False. The term SARACEN was given by the Greeks and Romans alse for the tribes occupying the deserts west of Tigris River. Feedback:West of Euphrates River. The official who proclaims the call to prayer on Friday for the public Muezzin worship and the call to the daily prayer (ṣalāt) five times a day, at dawn, noon, midafternoon, sunset, and nightfall. Buddhist memorial mound erected to enshrine a relic of Buddha, to Stupas commemorate special events or mark a sacred spot. It is the umbrella-shaped finial of a stupa symbolizing dignity, composed of Chattri a stone disc on a vertical pole. Jama Masjid A successor to the prophet as military, judicial, or spiritual leader of Islam Caliph