DO_Music-9_Q1-M1-W1.pdf

MAPEH (MUSIC) Quarter 1 – Module 1 Music of the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque Periods  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the Music of the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque...

MAPEH (MUSIC) Quarter 1 – Module 1 Music of the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque Periods  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the Music of the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque Periods. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. This module will help you describe the musical elements of selected vocal and instrumental music The module is divided into three lessons, namely: Lesson 1 – Medieval Period of Music Lesson 2 – Renaissance Period of Music Lesson 3 – Baroque Period of Music After going through this module, you should be able to describe the musical elements of selected vocal and instrumental music. Specifically, you shall: 1. Listen perceptively to selected vocal and instrumental music of Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods; 2. Describe the musical elements of given Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music. 3. Explain importance of the performance practice (setting, composition, role of the performers, & audience) of Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods. 1  What I Know Directions: Read and understand the phrases. Encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. It is known as the Middle Ages or Dark Ages. a. Medieval b. Romantic c. Baroque d. Renaissance 2. It is referring to a liturgical mass of the Roman Catholic church. a. Melismatic b. Neumatic c. Gregorian Chant d. Trouveres 3. A monophonic melody that uses sacred text. a. Syllabic b. Modal c. Plainsong d. Minstrels 4. Earliest string instrument during the Medieval period. a. harpsichord b. Lute c. Piano d. Oboes 5. He was known as a “Master of Music”. a. Hildegard Von Bingen b. Adam de la Halle c. George Frederick Handel d. Antonio Vivaldi 6. Its describes as the early polyphony of the late Middle Ages that consists of one or more voice parts accompanying the cantus. a. Organum b. Viol c. Rebec d. Chant 7. A stringed instrument resembling a grand piano but usually having two keyboards and two or more strings. a. Plaintchant b. Fiddle c. Lute d. Harpsichord 8. An ancient bowed stringed instrument. a. Rebec b. Viol c. Piano d. plainsong 9. The early form of music is called? a. Centonization b. Neumes c. Imitative d. Monophony 10. What language was used in the chant? a. English b. Latin c. Spanish d. Tagalog 11. In what place were chants commonly sung? a. schools b. government offices d. churches d. stage play th 12. A 17 century Florentine music theorist. a. Guido d’ Arezzo b. Giovanni Battista Doni c. Sarah Anna Glover d. Hildegard Von Bingen 13. He was a Benedictine monk develops the mnemonic device for the different notes in a scale. a. Paulus Diaconus b. Guido Arezzo c. Hildegard Von Bingen d. Sarah Anna Glover 14.The following are types of Minstrels, EXCEPT one. a. Jongleurs b. Troubadours c. Trouveres d. Singers 15. The following are characteristics of Gregorian chants except one. a. Polyphonic b. Free meter c. Latin liturgy d. Modal 2  Lesson Music of the Medieval 1 Period (700-1400) The Medieval period is also known as the Middle Ages or ―Dark Ages that started with the fall of the Roman Empire. During this time, the Christian Church influenced Europe’s culture and political affairs. It is the longest period of music and runs right through from around the time of the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the beginning of the Renaissance. What’s In What is your favorite genre in music? Listen to the songs that I will play. These are some musical pieces from South East Asia and you’ll identify onto what country it belongs. Does it belong to: - India - Thailand - Philippines Some musical pieces will be played… Answer these questions. 1. Have you listen perceptively on the music being played? 2. Can you identify them onto what country they belong? 3. What kind of genre does the music show? 4. Do you like the following music played? Why? 3  What’s New Directions: Match the name of the composers inside the box to the pictures shown below. Write your answers on the space provided? Johann Sebastian Bach George Friedrich Händel Antonio Vivaldi Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina 1. _____________________ 2. ________________________ 3.______________________ 4.________________________ 4  What is It Music of the Medieval Period (700 – 1400) The Medieval period is also known as the Middle Ages or ―Dark Ages that started with the fall of the Roman Empire. Why Dark ages? Because they experienced the defeat of the Western Roman empire. Moreover this era is the longest period of music that runs through the beginning of Renaissance period. During this time, the Christian Church influenced Europe’s culture and political affairs. Gregorian Chant a monophonic liturgical music, until the 1000s. It is also referred to as plainchant, plainsong, or monody. It was named after Pope Gregory I. During Charlemaigne’s kingship, he made this the approved music of the Catholic Church and made plainchants popular. Although it was originally transmitted orally, scholars agreed to put it in neume notation to assist dissemination of chants across Europe. Secular music gave ways to the music of the troubadours, During the latter part of the Medieval Period, secular music which was not bound by Catholic traditions emerged. Most of these songs were performed across Europe by trouveres, jongleurs, and minnesingers, and groups of musicians called Troubadours. Troubadour Music: Usually monophonic Sometimes with improvised accompaniment Tells of chivalry and courtly love Originated in France Written in the French language Famous Composer of the Medieval Period: 5  Adam de la Halle (1237-1288) was also known as Adam le Bossu (Adam the Hunchback). He was the son of a well – known citizen of Arras, Henri de la Halle. He received his education at the Cistercian Abbey of Vaucelles, near Cambral. Adam was destined for the church but he eventually married. His patrons were Robert II, Count of Artois, and Charles of Anjou, brother of Louis IX. Adam was one of the oldest secular composers whose literary and musical works include chansons and poetic debates. He was a trouvére, poet and musician, whose literary and musical works include chansons and jeuxpartis (poetic debates) in the style of the trouveres, polyphonic rondel and motets in the style of early liturgical polyphony. His musical play, ―Jeu de Robin et Marion‖ was considered the earliest surviving secular French play with music. His works include: 1. Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion 2. Je muir, je muir, d’amourete Guido of Arezzo (991/992 – after 1033) was an Italian music theorist of the Medieval era. He is regarded as the inventor of modern musical notation (staff notation) that replaced neumatic notation. His text, the Micrologus, was the second most widely distributed treatise on music in the Middle Ages (after the writings of Boethius Giovanni Battista Doni (bap. 13 March 1595 – 1647) was an Italian musicologist and humanist who made an extensive study of ancient music. He is known, among other works, for having renamed the note "Ut" to "Do" (in the "Do Re Mi..." solfège scale). In his day, he was a well-known lawyer, classical scholar, critic and musical theorist, and from 1640 to 1647 he occupied the Chair of Eloquence at the University of Florence and was a prominent member of the city's Accademia della Crusca, one of the early semi- scientific/academic societies that flourished in Italy at the time. They had published the first Italian-language dictionary in 1612. Musical Instruments In the 14th century, pipe organ emerged while the harpsichord flourished in the 16th century. The Lute, which is the earliest string musical instrument started from the Medieval to Baroque period. It was considered and the most important musical instrument for secular music during the renaissance period. 6  Lesson Music of the Renaissance 2 Period (1400 – 1600) The term ―Renaissance‖ comes from the word ―renaitre which means “rebirth, ―revival, and ―rediscovery”. The Renaissance Period is a period of of ―looking back to the Golden Age of Greece and Rome. The invention of printing in the 1400’s paved the way for a wide distribution of renaissance compositions. Among of these inventions are: printing machine, use of compass, earths position, printer and Protestant’s reformation. As to music, it was characterized as polyphonic. With the emergence of the bourgeois class, renaissance music became popular as entertainment and activity for amateurs and the educated. It has two (2) genre: Mass are the music for the church while Madrigal are the songs for special gatherings. The two (2) famous composers are: Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina who composed music only for the church % Thomas Morley known for his secular compositions. Lute (an early version of guitar) was the prominent instrument of the renaissance era. What is It The Renaissance (French for rebirth rinascimento in Italian) was a cultural movement that spanned roughly in the 14th through the 16th centuries beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages. This is era was also known as the ―” Golden age of A Capella” Italian term for chapel. Other historical facts during this era is the discovery of the actual position of earth in the solar system by Copernicus, the invention of compass creating a wider navigation not only of the lands but also of the oceans, the invention of the first printer, and Martin Luther’s Protestant reformation. 7  Renaissance music is vocal and instrumental music written and performed in Europe during the Renaissance era. Characteristics of renaissance Music: Mostly polyphonic Imitation among the voices is common Use of word painting in texts and music Melodic lines move in a flowing manner Melodies are easier to perform because these move along a scale with a few large leaps Vocal Music of the renaissance period 1. Mass – is a form of sacred musical composition that sets texts of the Eucharistic liturgy into music. Characteristics of the Mass: Polyphonic May be sung a cappella or with orchestral accompaniment Text may be syllabic (one note set to each syllable), neumatic (a few notes set to one syllable), or melismatic (many notes to one syllable) Five Main Sections of Mass: 1. Kyrie “Lord Have Mercy” 2. Gloria “Glory to God in the Highest” 3. Credo “Apostle’s Creed” or “Nicean Creed” 4. Sanctus and Benedictus “Holy, holy,” and “Blessed Is He” 5. Agnus Dei “Lamb of God” Listen to the link below that features one of the main sections of the mass. “Gloria” by Joasquin de Prez http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaiXCG0jHB8 2. Madrigal – A secular vocal polyphonic music composition which originated from Italy. It was written and expressed in a poetic text and sung during courtly social gatherings. It is the most important secular form during the Renaissance period. Characteristics of the Madrigal: Polyphonic Sung a cappella Through-composed Frequently in 3 to 6 voices Listen to “April Is In My Mistress' Face” by Thomas Morley 1. Which music are you familiar with? Why? 8 2. Which songs can you relate with? Sacred or secular music? Why? Famous Composers of the Renaissance Period 1. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Rome, 1525 - February 2, 1594 Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina is said to be the greatest master of Roman Catholic Church music during the Renaissance period. Majority of his compositions are sacred music. He was committed to sacred music and has a keen interest in satisfying the desires of church leaders in the sixteenth century. Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass is held up as the perfect example of counter - reformation style. (Excerpt from “Pope Marcellus’ Mass”) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itKeTpK83IY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NB-i_V9QPt8 Thomas Morley, 1557 – 1602 Morley was born in Norwich, East England, the son of a brewer. He was a singer in the local cathedral from his boyhood, and he became master of choristers there in 1583. Thomas Morley was the most famous composer of secular music in his time. He was a singer in the local cathedral during his childhood and was believed to have studied music with William Byrd, an Elizabethan composer of sacred music. He received his Bachelor’s degree in Oxford and became an organist at St. Paul’s Cathedral in London. His Musica Transalpina, a collection of Italian madrigals fitted with English text, was published in 1588 by Nicholas Yonge. Shortly after, he began publishing his own collections of madrigals and made significant contribution to the history of music. His works include: “Fire, Fire, My Heart” “Sing and Chant It” “Fantasie” “April Is In My Mistress’ Face” “It Was A Lover and His Lass” Research and listen to Thomas Morley’s works. You may use the following links that feature a madrigal composition “Fire, Fire, My Heart” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61aEb5Qt6-U http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBWKp4-_w4E 1. Which madrigal did you enjoy more? Why? 2. Based on what you have heard, do you agree that the compositions of Palestrina and Morley reflect their personalities? Why or Why not? 9  Lesson Music of the Baroque Period 3 (1600-1750) Music of the Baroque period (1685–1750) The word Baroque is derived from the Portuguese word barroco which means “pearl of irregular shape.” Some of the great composers of this time were George Friedrich Handel, Johann Sebastian Bach, Claudio Monteverdi, and Antonio Vivaldi. During this time, the arts highlighted grandiose and elaborate ornamentation. These were clearly seen in the musical compositions created by Baroque composers. New instrumental techniques and changes in musical notation were developed. Major and minor tonality was also created in this period. A lot of the musical terms and concepts that evolved in this era are still used today. What is It Baroque Period is thought of as a style that uses exaggerated motion with clear detail that produces grandeur and vibrancy in different forms of art and music. Baroque music expresses order. It brought music to a higher level after the Renaissance era. Characteristics of Baroque Music: Melodies sound elaborate and ornamental Melodies are not easy to sing or remember Primarily contrapuntal textures with some homophony Dynamic contrast – alternation between loud and soft Music genres-operas, oratorios, suites, toccatas, concertó grosso, fugue Orchestra consists of strings and continuo 10  Harpsichord and organ are the keyboard instruments that are commonly used New forms: 1. binary – AB 2. ternary – ABC 3. ground bass 4. fugue Music Genres of Baroque Music 1. Concerto - A form of orchestral music that employs a solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra. 2. Concerto Grosso - A form of orchestral music during the Baroque Period wherein the music is between a small group of solo instruments called concertino and the whole orchestra called tutti. Handel’s Concerto Grosso for two violins, cello, strings and basso continuo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a32nicpS3rk Vivaldi’s Winter http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKfuhLCVldg reflection: 1. Which video did you enjoy the most? Why? 2. What is the most evident difference between the two concertos? 3. Fugue A contrapuntal piece, developed mainly by imitative counterpoint It is usually written in 3 or 4 parts, with a main theme called “subject” The entire piece grows mainly from a single brief tune of strong musical character. Access this link through the internet and listen to: Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D minor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho9rZjlsyYY 4. Oratorio – a large scale musical composition for orchestra and voices that incorporates narratives on religious themes. Unlike usual theatrical works, this is usually performed without the use of costumes, scenery, or action. It is usually written in the native language for the intended audience. Examples: a. Handel’s “Messiah,” “Samson,” “Israel,” and “Egypt” b. Bach’s “Christmas Oratorio” c. Haydn’s “The Creation” Listen to the link below that features Oratorio vs. Opera http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYVGtAJ7ujA 5. Chorale – musical compositions that resemble a harmonized version of hymnal tunes of the Protestant Church during the Baroque era. Listen to the links below that features: Baroque Chorale http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZeBakTvwEes Chorale Trio http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYFPLVrCWDk Famous Composers of the Baroque Period Johann Sebastian Bach Born: Germany, March 21, 11  1685; Died: July 28, 1750 J.S. Bach came from a family of musicians. He was taught to play violin by his father who was then the town musician in Eisanach. He entered school at age 7 where he was taugh religion and other subjects. He became orphaned at age ten. His brother, a church organist provided for him. Bach’s beautiful soprano singing voice helped him to be accepted at a school in Luneberg. A few years later, his voice changed and Bach focused his attention to playing the violin and harpsichord. Bach was a religious man. His personal and deep faith is shown in his sacred music. He was known for his compositions for organ, orchestra, and oratorio. His most important and longterm position was as cantor at St. Thomas Church. His works include: Concerto Grosso e.g. Brandenburg Concertos (concerto grosso) http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=uw2dlZ8V4-0 Masses e.g. Mass in B minor Cantatas e.g. Cantata 208 and 211 Fugues e.g. Fugue in G minor http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=p1XD1MSES_8 Toccata and Fugue in D minor Antonio Vivaldi Born: Venice, March 4, 1678; Died: Vienna, July 28, 1741 Antonio Lucio Vivaldi Antonio Lucio Vivaldi , nicknamed il Prete Rosso (“The Red Priest”) because of his red hair, was an Italian Baroque composer, Catholic priest and a virtuoso violinist. Recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers, his influence during his lifetime was widespread over Europe. Vivaldi is known mainly for composing instrumental concertos, especially for the violin, as well as sacred choral works and over forty operas. He entered the priesthood and was ordained in 1703. Vivaldi is well known for giving the strings a major role in his compositions. His most famous piece is The Four Seasons. This composition is a series of four violin concerti depicting each of the seasons, “Spring,” “Summer,” “Autumn,” and “Winter.” Listen to the link that features “Spring” (one of the four parts of The Four Seasons) at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFHPRi0ZeXE George Friedrich Händel Born: Germany, February 23, 1685; Died: London, April 14, 1759 George Händel was the second son from the second marriage of a pastor. Despite his father’s opposition, George secretly taught himself to play the harpsichord. At age 7, he gained access 12  to a church organ and started to play. A Duke heard him play and insisted on giving him a formal music education. Under Zachau, organist of Halle cathedral, he studied counterpoint, canon and fugue. Händel is remembered for his operas and oratorios. Handel became England’s favorite composer. He had given English audiences music that in variety and interest rivalled anything they could remember. Handel lost both of his eyesight in 1753. When he conducted his oratorio, “Samson,” a few in the audience were unaware that he had lost his eyesight. The Messiah is Händel’s most famous creation and the very well known “Hallelujah” chorus is part of Händel’ “Messiah.” The Messiah was written in the space of twenty - four days in London but it was in Dublin when The Messiah was first performed and became an instant success. Listen and watch the following link that features the “Hallelujah” chorus from Händel’s Messiah at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUZEtVbJT5c What’s More Activity 1 1. Copy and Fill in the table below the popular chorale groups that you know and check whether it is local, national and international. Write your answers on the table. Choral Groups Local National International 1. 2. 3. 4. 13 Activity 2 1. Write a song from any of the 5 sections of the mass in your own dialect. Criteria: Timing 5 points Tune 5 points Effort 5 points Total 15 points Activity 3 Directions: Match Column A with each definition in Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer. Column A Column B 1. Opera a. Vocal passages written in a declamatory style. 2. Oratorio b. Italian word which means sung. 3. Concerto c. Free vocal form for solo voice 4. Recitative d. Extended composition with narration based on 5. Fugue biblical subject 6. Aria e. Composition for solo instrument with orchestra 7. Chorus f. Contrapuntal composition in which a short melody 8. Suite or phrase is introduced by part and tunes 9. Sonata g. Composition consisting of three or four move- 10. Barocco ments for one solo instrument h. Dance style played in succession i. Irregular in shape j. Musicians perform a drama accompanied by instruments k. Serious opera Activity 4 1. Make a slogan/ quotation/ sayings about music in your preferred dialect. ( English, Tagalog, Waray) 14  What I have Learned _______________, ______________ and _____________ music have distinctive characteristics. The chants were notated in the manuscript as a single melodic line without accompaniment. _______________were written above the words to suggest the contour of the melody. Eventually, ________________of the period was written as square notes on a four–line staff. _________________composed the music Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion._________________He is regarded as the inventor of modern musical notation (staff notation) that replaced neumatic notation. Renaissance means _______________the music is vocal and instrumental music written and performed in Europe during the Renaissance era. Characteristics of renaissance Music mostly________________, imitation among the voices is common. There are five main sections of Mass _______________“Lord Have Mercy”, Gloria “Glory to God in the Highest” ,Credo “Apostle’s Creed” or “Nicean Creed”, _______________and Benedictus “Holy, holy,” and “Blessed Is He”, and ________________“Lamb of God”. Baroque Period is thought of as a style that uses _________________motion with clear detail that produces grandeur. Some characteristics of baroque music melodies sound elaborate and ornamental, primarily __________________textures with some _________________., ________________ composer of Masses e.g. Mass in B minor, Cantatas e.g. Cantata 208 and 211. The ________________is Händel’s most famous creation. What I Can Do Analyze and fill in the table below. The period of music, characteristics, composition and composer. Write your answers on the table below. Period of Music Characteristics Composition Composer 15  ASSESSMENT I. Directions: Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false. 1. Luthier is the one who makes stringed instruments (violin). 2. Basso Continuo is a combination of two or more melodies played together. 3. Allemande court dance developed in France from a German folk dance. 4. The Messiah was composed by George Frederick Handel. 5. Suite is a set of instrumental composition originally in dance style. 6. The famous artwork of Vivaldi was the Samson. 7. The vocal forms of the Baroque Period are based on the monadic style. 8. Fugue is an Italian word, which means sung. 9. The pianoforte is the original name of the keyboard instrument. 10. Oratorio is a narration based on biblical subjects. 11. In Baroque music the texture is monophonic. 12. The Baroque period is thought of a style that uses exaggerated motion. 13. The event that paved way for the wide distribution of Renaissance period’s composition is the discovery of earth’s actual position. 14. Baroque music known for simplicity of musicians. 15. One characteristics of baroque music is the dynamic is not contrast. Additional Activity: Fill in what is asked in the column by placing the musical terms below suited in every period Medieval Renaissance Baroque G.F. Handel Polyphony Monophony Mass Fugue Polyphony G. da Pierluigi Concerto Homophonic Plainchant T. Morley Adam dela Halle Dark Ages Rebirth chorale 16  17 What I Have Learned Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Chants, Neumes, Musical Notations, Adam dela Halle, Guido of Arezzo, rebirth, polyphonic, Kyrie, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, exaggerated, contrapuntal, homophony, Johann Sebastian Bach, Messiah Assessment What I Can Do Lesson 3 1.True 11. T What I Know 1. Antonio Vivaldi 2. F 12. F Answers may vary 2. George Freiderick 3. True 13. D from student’s point Handel 4. T 14. A 3. Johann Sebastian Bach of view. 5. F 15. D 4. George Handel 6. F 5. Antonio Vivaldi 7. T 6. b 11. g 8. F 7.c 12. h 8.a 13. i 9. T 9.d 14. e 10. T 10.f 15. j What’s New WHAT’S NEW Lesson 2 What I know Answer’s may vary 1. Renaissance 1. Madrigal 2. Golden Age of Polyphony 2. Polyphony 3. Mass 3. John Dowland 4. Motet 4.Golden Age of Acapella 5. Madrigal 5. Vocal Polyphony 6. Lute 6. Instrumental Music 7. Morley 7. Motet 8. Palestrina 8. Chorale 9. Thomas Morley 10. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina 11. Ayre 12. Ballet 13. Madrigal 14. do sol 15. do mi sol What’s New What I Know What’s In 1. Hain Ka Na- Love Song 1. A 11. D 2. Buwan – OPM 1. Johann Sebastian Bach 2. C 12. B 3. One Love - Reggae 2. George Friedrich 3.C 13. B What’s More 4.B 14. D Händel 5.B 15. A 3. Antonio Vivaldi Theme – Religious 6.A Giovanni 7.D Melody- Vocal style 4. Pierluigi da Palestrina 8.A Form- 9.B Rhythm- Plainsong 10.B Tone Color- Instruments were used Answer Key