GRADE 9 REVIEWER.docx

*G9 1st quarter reviewer* of perfection with four or more voices of equal importance. 2\. Imitation among voices are common 3\. Melodic lines move in a flowing manner 4\. Express in moderate, balanced way, with no extreme contrast of dynamics, tone color or rhythm 5\. Bass register was used for...

*G9 1st quarter reviewer* of perfection with four or more voices of equal importance. 2\. Imitation among voices are common 3\. Melodic lines move in a flowing manner 4\. Express in moderate, balanced way, with no extreme contrast of dynamics, tone color or rhythm 5\. Bass register was used for the first time. 6\. Rhythm is more gentle flow than a sharply defined beat 7\. Clarity, balance, euphony within well-regulated limits prevails 8\. Modality (the use of church mode) still prevails in both sacred and secular. **VOCAL MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD** **1.Madrigal** --- a form of secular vocal polyphonic music composition which originated from Italy. It was written and expressed in poetic text and sung during courtly social gatherings. It is the most important secular form during the Renaissance period. **--- Characteristics of Madrigal** - **2.Mass** **---** is a form of sacred musical composition that sets texts of the Eucharistic liturgy into music. **--- Characteristic of the Mass** 1.Polyphonic MUSIC OF MEDIEVAL PERIOD **aka; Middle Ages or \"Dark Ages\" - started with the fall of the Roman Empire.** **Medieval music** was both sacred and secular. **Monody or Monophonic Music** meaning one sound or single line melodies. **Plainsong or plainchant** is a monophonic consisting of one or unaccompanied single melody. **VOCAL MUSIC OF MEDIEVAL PERIOD** **1.** **Gregorian Chant** --- a monophonic or unison, liturgical music in Roman Catholic Church. --- **Neumes** - any of various symbols used in notation of Gregorian chant --- **characteristics** - **2. Troubadour Music** --- Secular music (not bounded by catholic traditions) that emerged at the latter part of the medieval period; by musician Troubadours. --- **characteristics:** - **COMPOSERS OF MEDIEVAL ERA** **Adam de la Halle** **---** aka: Adam le Bossu (Adam the Hunchback). --- Was a French-born trouvère, musician, and poet. --- One of the oldest secular composers. --- He is known for his uniqueness and versatility. He was self-proclaimed genius, often describing himself as Maistre (master) because of his completion of some advance studies. He also explored and mastered the monophonic composition and it\'s more complex form-the motet. **Jeu de Robin et Marion** **---** Considered the earliest surviving secular French play with music. MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE ======================== - **The three basic purpose of Renaissance Music** 1\. Worship in both Catholic and burgeoning Protestant Churches 2\. Music for the entertainment and edification of the courts and courtly life. 3\. Dance Music **Characteristics of Renaissance Music** 1\. The birth of polyphonic "Golden Age of Polyphony", vocal polyphony reaches a high degree 2\. Maybe sung acapella or with orchestral accompaniment 3\. Text may be syllabic (one note to each syllable), neumatic (few notes to one syllable), or melismatic (many notes to one syllable). **--- 5 MAIN SECTIONS OF THE MASS:** - **Motet** --- is a polyphonic choral works in Latin text. It can be used in any service of the churches and usually in acapella. Sound smoothing and imitative in nature. **COMPOSERS OF RENAISSANCE ERA** **1.Giovanni Pierluigi Da Palestrina** --- Said to be the greatest master of Roma catholic Church. --- Majority of his compositions are Sacred music. --- Pope Marcellus Mass: perfect example of Counter-Reformation style. **2.Thomas Morley** **---** Was the most famous composer of secular music in his time --- Composed madrigals that show a variety of color, form and technique. Light and easy to sing with some aspects of Italian style --- He was also an organist at St. Paul\'s Cathedral. Together with Robert Johnson, they are the only composers who survived contemporary setting of verse by Shakespeare. Music of the Baroque Period =========================== --- The word baroque can be traced from the ancient Portuguese noun barocco -- a pearl that is not round but of unpredictable and elaborate shape or pearl of irregular shape. --- Baroque became popular and successful because the Roman Catholic Church encouraged its development. The Catholic Church decided at the time of the council of Trent that the arts communicate religious themes through man\'s direct and emotional involvement. --- **Characteristics of Baroque Music** 1\. Melodies sound elaborate and ornamental 2\. Primarily contrapuntal textures with some homophony 3\. Dynamic contrast-- alteration between loud and soft, also known as Terrace Dynamics 4\. Music genres---operas, oratorio, suites, tocatas, concerto grosso, fugue a\. Opera---a dramatic work or genre of classical time b\. Oratorio---a religious narrative large scale work for orchestra and voices performed without costume, scenery or action. c\. Suite--- a set of instrumental compositions for dance style. d\. Concerto Grosso---instrumental from for small group of soloist and full orchestra e\. Fugue--- contrapuntal composition in which a short melody is introduced by one part and successively taken up by others and developed by interweaving the part. 5\. Harpsicord and organ are the keyboard instruments that are commonly used. 6\. Orchestra consists of strings and continuo **FAMOUS COMPOSERS OF BAROQUE PERIOD** **1.John Sebastian Bach** --- Known for its compositions for organ, orchestra and oratorio. --- He was a Cantor (most important & long-term position) --- WORKS: - **2.Antonio Vivaldi** --- il Prete Rosso (\"The Red Priest\") - because of his red hair --- Italian Baroque composer, Catholic priest, virtuoso violinist --- One of the greatest Baroque composers --- known mainly for composing instrumental consertos especially for the violin & sacred choral works --- Well known for giving the strings major role in his compositions --- Four Seasons: most famous piece; a series of four violin concerti depicting each of the seasons: Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter **3.George Friederich Handel** --- Secretly taught himself to play harpsichord --- Remembered for his operas & oratorios --- Became England\'s favorite composer --- Messiah: most famous creation; written in the space of 24 days in London but it was in Dublin when it was 1st performed that it became an instant success. ARTS Elements and Principles:\ Elements of Art:\ 1. Line -- A mark made by a tool such as a brush, pen or stick: a moving point. 2\. Shape -- A flat, enclosed are that has two dimensions, length and width. 3\. Color --Has three Properties (Hue) Name, (Value) shades and tints, (Intensify) brightness. 4\. Value -- Degrees of lightness or darkness. 5\. Form -- Objects that are three-dimensional having length, width and height. 6\. Space -- Used to create the illusion of depth. Principles of Art: 1\. Balance -- Distribution of visual weight on either side of the vertical axis 2\. Contrast -- The arrangement of opposite elements. 3\. Emphasis -- Uses to make certain parts of an Artwork stand out. 4\. Movement -- How the eye moves through the composition; leading the attention of the viewer from one aspect of the work to another. 5\. Pattern -- The repetition of specific visual elements. 6\. Rhythm -- Regular repetition of, or alternation of elements. 7\. Unity -- Visually pleasing agreement among the elements in a design. Western and Classical Period: -Pre-historic drawings of animals were usually correct in proportion and native to its region. Egyptian Period\ Characteristics: Highly stylized, symbolic, and shows profile view of an animal or a person Main colors: red, black, blue, gold, and green Hieroglyphics---a system of writing using picture symbols used in ancient Egypt. Greek Period Characteristics: Its development is naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures were generally the focus of innovation. It shows Linear perspective and Naturalistic representation. Artist/s: The most famous of all ancient Greek painters was Apelles of Kos, whom Pliny the Elder lauded as having \"surpassed all the other painters who either preceded or succeeded him. Roman Period The famous and distinctive style of Greek vase-painting with figures depicted with strong outlines, with thin lines within the outlines, reached its peak from about 600 to 350 BC, and divides into the two main styles, almost reversals of each other, of black-figure and red-figure painting, the other colour forming the background in each case. Kerch Style -- also referred as Kerch Vases are red, figured pottery PANEL PAINTING Paintings flat panels of wood. It can be either small, single pieced or several panels joined together depicted figural scenes, including portraits and still-life. Example: Pitsa Panel Archaic period, 540 B.C. TOMB/ WALL PAINTING Sharp, flatly outline style of painting, depicts symposium scene on the wall. Example: Tomb of the Diver, 470 BC, In tomb paintings, artists rely on the shade and hues of paint to create depth and life-like feeling. Most common Methods of Painting 1\. Fresco -- water base pigments on a freshly applied plaster on walls. Ideals for durable and style. 2\. Encaustic -- developed by Greek ship builders, used hot wax. Byzantine Period MOSAIC---This technique is used for decorative art or interior decorations. A convincing image of reality, presented figures with direct gazed that were meant to spiritually engage the viewer. Romanesque Period Characteristics: They were inside of the churches and they were like a book for the people who were not able to read. They were not realistic. They were rigid and schematic and they did not have background landscapes. They were painted in bright colours to attract the attention of the people. Mural paintings 'Mural' is derived from the Latin word 'murus' which means wall. It can be defined as any piece of artwork painted or applied directly onto a wall, ceiling or other larger permanent surfaces, flat, concave or convex, to be precise. Gothic Period Stained Glass -- a colored glass used to form decorative or pictorial designs a glass colored or stained (as by fusing metallic oxides into it) for decorative applications (as in window). Example: The North Rose window of Chartres Cathedral, France, 1190-1220 CE. Characteristics: Elaborated for decorative effect its emphasis on elegance, delicate detail, soft facial expressions, and smooth forms. Illustrating stories of the bible and conveying moral meaning Emphasized the rose window's radial effect, exaggerating the petal-like shapes radiating from the center into the "rays" of colored glass. Architectural Structures during Western and Classical Period: I. Pre - Historic Period -Stonehenge in Wiltshire, England, 3,100 BC to 2,000 BC. -Although it's one of the world's most famous monuments, the prehistoric stone circle known as Stonehenge remains shrouded in mystery. -Pyramids of Giza, 2575 -- 2465 BC -the most widely accepted understanding is that it was constructed as a tomb for the king. Pyramids were built for religious purposes. II\. Classical Era -Parthenon, Athens, 447 and 432 B.C The Parthenon is one of the most well-known pieces of Ancient Greek architecture. The residents of Athens constructed the Parthenon at the time when they were at the height of their dominance. -The Colosseum, Rome, 72-80 AD The Colosseum, also named the Flavian Amphitheater, is a large amphitheater in Rome. III\. Classical Era -Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Church of the Holy Wisdom or Church of the Divine Wisdom, --537 CE. The Hagia Sophia, whose name means "holy wisdom," is a domed monument originally built as a cathedral in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) in the sixth century A.D. -Castillo de Loarre (Huesca)-It houses the church of Santa María. And It was built in the late 11th century on the orders of King Sancho Ramírez I of Aragon, on the remains of an old Roman fortress. -Chartres Cathedral, Notre-Dame d'Chartres or the Cathedral of Notre-Dame,1190 and 1220 CE- Chartres has been an important Christian center since at least the 4th century CE when it was the seat of bishops. PHYSICAL EDUCATION PHYSICAL FITNESS -Ability of individual to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness without undo fatigue HEALTH RELATED FITNESS - - **Sit and Reach** - Test of flexibility for the lower extremities particularly hamstring. **Push Up** - Measure the strength of upper extremities. **Hexagonal Agility Test** - Measure the ability to move quickly while maintaining balance. **Zipper Test -** A test of upper arm and shoulder girdle flexibility intend to parallel the strength/endurance assessment of the region. **Curl up -** To measure abdominal muscle. **Standing Long Jump -** To measure the explosive strength and power of the legs muscle. **3-Minute Step Test** - To measure Cardiovascular Endurance. FIRST AID FOR INJURIES AND EMERGENCIES IN SPORT SETTINGS FIRST AID -Refers to emergency or immediate care you should provide when a person is injured or ill until full medical treatment is available. OBJECTIVES 1\. TO SAVE LIVES 2\. TO MINIMIZE INJURIES OR TO PREVENT THEM FROM HAPPENING 3\. TO HASTEN OR PROMOTE RECOVERY SPORT OFFICIATING - The supervision of sports competitions by established rules. SPRAIN - A stretch or tear of ligament. STRAIN - An acute or chronic soft tissue injury that occurs to muscle, tendon or both. KNEE INJURIES - It is the fracture around the knee, it can range from mild to severe. FRACTURE - A break in the bone that can occur from either quick, one-time injury to the bone or from repeated stress to the bone over time. DISLOCATION - Occurs when the two bones that come together to form a joint become separated. ***ENHANCING SPORT OFFICIATING SKILLS*** **Physical Qualities -** Refer to the physical attributes of an officiating official. **Emotional Qualities -** Refer to the emotional readiness of an official to perform his/her role in a game. **Mental Qualities -** *Mental Toughness* is the term used to refer to all of the qualities pertaining to one's mental preparations in officiating a game. To be mentally tough requires one to stay focused, regulate one's performance and ability to handle pressure. **Social Qualities -** Refer to the ability to deal with others at any given situation. **WHEN YOU REGISTER AS OFFICIALS, AND VOLUNTEER TO WORK AT EVENTS, YOU AGREE TO UPHOLD THESE VALUES:** BE A BENEFITAND CAUSE NO HARM BE ACCURATE AND RESPONSIBLE BE SUPPORTIVE OF OTHER PARTICIPANTS AND LOYAL TO OUR SPORT ORGANIZATION ACT WITH INTEGRITY ACT WITH FAIRNESS SHOW RESPECTS FOR PARTICIPANT'S RIGHTS AND DIGNITY EXHIBIT PROFESSIONALISM MODEL APPROPRIATE HEALTH HABITS ADHERE TO LEGAL STANDARD PROTECT VULNERABLE PERSONS REFEREE HAND SIGNALS (BASKET BALL)  HEALTH **According to WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION** **HEALTH:** -Is the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not just the absence of disease or infirmity. -Lead to the ability to lead a socially and economically productive life. COMMUNITY -A sociological group in a large place sharing one environment. Includes the individual and the family. COMMUNITY HEALTH -The art and science of maintaining, protecting and improving the health of all members of the community through organized and sustained community efforts. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH -Comprises those aspects of human health that are determined by physical, chemical, biological, social and psychosocial factors in the surrounding environment. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE -Program organized by the DOH that promotes community health with the partnership of community, barangay, government and non-government organizations. Characteristics of a Healthy Community REFUSE MATERIALS GARBAGE - - RUBBISH ASHES STREET REFUSE DEAD ANIMALS ABANDONED VEHICLES INDUSTRIAL WASTES DEMOLITION WASTES CONSTRUCTION WASTES SPECIAL WASTES WASTE DISPOSAL **SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT** a\. Control of generation b\. Storage collection c\. Transfer and transport d\. Processing e\. Disposal of solid waste DEFORESTATION FLASH FLOOD ILLEGAL MINING SOIL EROSION CAUSES OF SOIL EROSION CORAL REEF DEGRADATION CATEGORIES: POLLUTION WATER POLLUTION Caused by chemicals in pesticides, such as poisons that are used to kill agricultural pests. ####