Disaster Preparedness in the Philippines PDF

The Philippines is indeed one of the largest archipelagos in the world. The Philippines is composed of about 7,100 separate small and large islands. Only 2,700 are named and the eleven largest island account for almost 95% of the land population.  PHILIPPINE RISK PROF...

The Philippines is indeed one of the largest archipelagos in the world. The Philippines is composed of about 7,100 separate small and large islands. Only 2,700 are named and the eleven largest island account for almost 95% of the land population.  PHILIPPINE RISK PROFILE The Philippines can be found along the typhoon belt in the pacific.It is visited by an average of 20 typhoons every year, five of which are considered destructive. Being located in the ―Pacific Ring of Fire‖ it makes vulnerable to frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. It‘s geographical location and physical environment also contributes to its high – susceptibility to tsunami, sea level rise, storm, surges landslides, flood/flash flood/flooding and drought. Furthermore,  PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2010 (RA 10121) The enactment of Republic Act 10121, better known as the ―Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 will strengthening the country‘s Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System. It will also provide a National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management framework and institutionalize the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management plan including the fund  The following are some terminologies that you may need to understand in Disaster Risk Give solutions Define Natural Reduction Disaster and Managementto help prevent based on Natural Section 3 of RA 10121Disasters  Capacity a combination of all strengths and resources available within a community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk, or effects of a disaster. Capacity may include infrastructure and physical means, institutions, societal coping abilities, as well as human knowledge, skills and collective attributes such as social relationships, leadership and Climate Change a change in climate that can' be identified by changes in the mean and/or variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period typically decades or longer, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity  Disaster a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Disasters are often described as a result of the combination of: the exposure to a hazard; the conditions of vulnerability that are present; and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences, Disaster impacts may include loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects on Disaster Mitigation the lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters Disaster Preparedness the knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover Disaster Prevention the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters, it expresses the concept and intention to completely avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken in advance such as construction of dams or embankments that eliminate flood risks, land-use regulations that do not permit any settlement in high-risk zones, and seismic Disaster Response the provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. Disaster response is predominantly focused on immediate and short-term needs and is sometimes called "disaster  Disaster Risk the potential disaster losses in lives, health status, livelihood, assets and services, which could occur to a particular community or a society over some specified future time period Disaster Risk Reduction the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposures to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse Disaster Risk Reduction and Management the systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster  Emergency unforeseen or sudden occurrence, especially danger, demanding immediate action  Exposure the degree to which the elements at risk are likely to experience hazard events of different magnitudes  Hazard a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and  Rehabilitation measures that ensure the ability of affected communities/areas to restore their normal level of functioning by rebuilding livelihood and damaged infrastructures and increasing the  Risk Assessment a methodology to determine the nature and extent of risk by analyzing potential hazards and evaluating existing conditions of vulnerability that together could potentially harm exposed people, property, services, livelihood and the environment on which they depend. Risk assessments with associated risk mapping include: a review of the technical characteristics of hazards such as their location, intensity, frequency and probability; the analysis of exposure and vulnerability including the physical, social, health, economic and environmental dimensions; and  State of Calamity a condition involving mass casualty and/or major damages to property, disruption of means of livelihoods, roads and normal way of life of people in the affected areas as a result of the occurrence of natural or human-induced  Vulnerability the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. Vulnerability may arise from various physical, social, economic, and environmental factors such as poor design and construction of buildings, inadequate protection of assets, lack of public information and awareness, limited official  SECTION 4 OF RA 10121: This Act provides for the development of policies and plans and the implementation of actions and measures pertaining to all aspects of disaster risk reduction and management, including good governance, risk assessment and early warning, knowledge building and awareness raising, reducing underlying risk factors, and preparedness for effective response and early recovery.  SECTION 5 OF RA 1012: The establishment of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) to address national programs for disaster management focusing on the four (4) thematic areas of disaster: 1) prevention and mitigation, 2) disaster preparedness, 3) disaster response and 4) disaster recovery and rehabilitation.  SECTION 8 OF RA 10121: The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) shall have the primary mission of administering a comprehensive national civil defense and disaster risk reduction and management program.  SECTION 10 OF RA 10121: The Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (RDRRMCs) shall coordinate, integrate, supervise, and evaluate the activities of the LDRRMCs. Likewise, the RDRRMC shall be responsible in ensuring disaster sensitive regional development plans, and in case of emergencies shall convene the different regional line agencies and concerned institutions and authorities.  SECTION 12 OF RA 10121: The establishment of a Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (LDRRMO) in every province, city and municipality, and a Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee (BDRRMC) in every barangay.  SECTION 14 OF RA 10121: The Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction Education into the School Curricula and Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) Program and Mandatory Training for the Public Sector Employees. It is also the legal basis to integrate disaster risk reduction and management education in the school curricula of secondary and tertiary level of education, including the  ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MANAGEMENT 1. Obey all protocols and procedures pertaining to disaster preparedness and management. 2. Support the programs of the government in relation to disaster preparedness and management. 3. Involve and attend disaster preparedness and management related seminar and trainings. 4. Contribute to the disaster preparedness, prevention and mitigation of the family/community 5. Participate in the conduct and implementation of programs of the Barangay LGU regarding disaster preparedness and management such as information drive, trainings, capability and vulnerability assessment, evaluation, planning and execution of disaster management plan. 6. Provide first aid to whoever needs it. 7. Volunteer oneself in repacking and distribution of relief goods during calamities. 8. Act as first responder and assist in the disaster rescue operation of the LGU in the community whenever necessary. 9. Report irregularities and incidents to proper authority during emergency and hazards situation. SAFETY MEASURES IN TIMES OF CALAMITIES Typhoon or Tropical Storm is a tropical cyclone that forms and occurs in the northwestern Pacific or Indian oceans.  Flood an overflow or accumulation of an expanse of water that submerges land. In the sense of "flowing water", the term may also be used to describe the inflow of the tide. Flooding may result from the volume of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake, which overflows or breaks levees, with the result that some of the water  Safety Tips during Storm/Typhoon and Floods 1. Remain calm and stay indoors. 2. Stay tuned in to radios and televisions for the latest weather report. 3. Cut off the branches of trees that might hit or fall onto your house, and those that are touching the power lines. 4. Remove all obstacles on the road to pave the way for emergency vehicles. 5. If your house is in a flood-prone area, flee to the nearest evacuation center. 6. Prepare a flashlight and a portable radio with new batteries. 7. Stock enough supplies of canned goods, food, potable water, fuel, batteries, and keep a first aid kit. 8. Turn off the main power safety switch and water valve if there‘s a flood. 9. Carry and transfer your home appliances and all your important documents to a higher place to prevent floodwaters from reaching it. 10. Avoid low lying areas, riverbanks, creeks, mountain sides, hill sides and ravines. Heavy downpour can cause landslides, mudslides or rockslides. 11. Do not wade in the floods nor cross a raging river. 12. Do not use electrical appliances or gas stoves which were submerged in flood water. 13. If there‘s a need to proceed to the evacuation area, do the following: a. Close all the windows and lock all the doors of your house. b. Make sure to switch off the main circuit breaker or fuse box. c. Close the valve of the liquefied petroleum gas cylinder. d. Elevate all the important documents, things, and possessions. e. Bring the following when evacuating: First aid kit which contains bandages, antiseptics, cottons and medicines for cough and colds, fever, LBM, etc. Flashlight, new batteries, matches, and candles Transistor radio and new batteries Blankets, clean clothes, boots, and raincoats Basic needs of infants, elderly or physically challenged people Potable water in a sealed container Enough cash and loose change Strong plastic bags that are big enough to cover and store all your important documents and personal belongings Volcanic Eruption refers to the release of gas, ash, molten materials or hot water into the atmosphere or onto the Earth's surface from a volcano or other opening in the Earth's surface. Safety Procedure during Volcanic Eruptions 1. If you reside in an area near a volcano, you are in danger of pyroclastic flows, lahar, and ash fall. 2. There are maps that can show the areas that are not safe. You can obtain this information from the concerned government agencies. Follow their advices and warnings; these can save lives. 3. Do not live or stay in the danger Safety Procedure during Volcanic Eruptions 4. If there‘s an ash fall, cover your nose with a damp cloth. This can filter particles while you breathe. 5. Remove the accumulated ashes from your roof to prevent it from collapsing. 6. If you are driving or inside a moving vehicle, stop and find a covered and safe place. 7. If your area is in danger of lahar flow, flee to a higher ground or go  Tsunami is a series of ocean waves generated by sudden displacements in the sea floor, landslides, or volcanic activity. It is derived from the Japanese terms ―tsu‖ and ―nami‖ which means ―harbor wave‖ when translated literally. In the deep ocean, the tsunami wave may only be a few inches high. The tsunami wave may come gently ashore or may  Safety Measures during Tsunami 1. A strong earthquake can cause a tsunami. Do not stay in a low lying area or near the sea shore. A tsunami can strike a few minutes after an earthquake. 2. A warning of a possible tsunami is brought about by an unusual receding of sea water or unusual change in the sea level.  Safety Measures during Tsunami 3. If the sea water receded, you can find some sea creatures lying on the seashore. Do not be tempted to pick them up. Always remember that the waves can return quickly and can wash you away. 4. A tsunami is usually accompanied by strange sounds. Always be aware of these kinds of  Earthquake characterized by a weak to violent shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release of stored energy beneath the earth‘s surface known as the lithosphere. This sudden release of energy generates seismic waves that cause massive vibrations. The spot underground where the earthquake started is called the focus or hypocenter, while the  Safety Measures during an Earthquake The ―Drop, Cover and Hold‖ protocol (drop to the floor, cover your head, and hold on to a solid object), when performed correctly with an awareness of your surroundings, remains the most effective way to protect yourself when an earthquake occurs.  Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. Slower oxidative processes such as rusting or digestion are not considered part of this definition. How to evacuate from a burning building 1. Swiftly abandon a burning building. Fire can spread quickly. 2. Do not panic; try to stay calm at all times. 3. Proceed to the nearest emergency exit. 4. If you are in a room, try to feel if the door is hot. Never open it if it is hot, instead, put a wet cloth in the gap between the door and How to evacuate from a burning building 5. You can tie blankets and bed sheets together, then use it as a rope in getting out of a burning building. 6. You can escape from a smoke- filled room by crawling out to the nearest exit. 7. Cover your nose and mouth with a damp cloth. This can help you breathe through the thick  Bomb This device is either factory- made or homemade. It contains incendiary or explosive substances that are used to create fire, shock, heat and gas to cause extensive damage to the target and even individuals. Bomb chooses no one.  Bomb Threat It is a piece of information or a warning claiming knowledge that a dangerous device, such as bomb or similar type of explosive, has been or will be placed in a building, aircraft or other facility. Safety Measures during a Bomb Threat situation 1. Treat all threats received as real and report immediately to authorities. 2. Remain calm and courteous. 3. As much as possible, try to obtain as much information such as: the identity of the caller; the characteristics of the caller; ask the exact location of the bomb; \ apply delaying tactics; and report all details to a responsible person immediately.  Pandemic An outbreak/epidemic of a disease occurring worldwide, or in a very widespread area that usually affecting a large volume of people.  Covid19 Virus The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. It was reported as a pneumonia outbreak started in December 2019 at Wuhan China, and given an interim name of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO).Most people infected with this virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and may result to severe cases if complications arise. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an  Community Quarantine As a safety measure to limit the spread of the Coronavirus, the government issued different types/classification of Community Quarantine. a. Enhance Community Quarantine (ECQ) - Local populace under an ECQ are generally ordered to stay at home, with its residents restricted from traveling to other cities or barangays. The LGU/Barangay Unit can issue quarantine passes to allow one representative per family to buy essential goods outside curfew hours  Community Quarantine b. General Community Quarantine (GCQ) - It is considered more lenient than ECQ. Public transportation is allowed at a reduced capacity and select businesses are allowed to operate at 50 to 100 percent of their regular capacity depending on their industry. c. Other Measures - The following are the additional types of community quarantine measures that may be imposed by the Authority depending on their situation. Extensive/Extreme Enhanced Community Quarantine (EECQ) Modified Enhance Community Quarantine  Safety Tips against COVID-19 Virus Keep your hands clean through washing frequently using soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rub to keep your hands clean. Maintain social distancing for about 1 to 2 meters.  Wear a mask Don‘t touch your eyes, nose or mouth. Cover your nose and mouth with your bent elbow or a tissue when you cough or sneeze. If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention. Obey all rules and regulation imposed  Let's do our ways to prevent these disasters! THANK YOU! Let's support one another in preserving nature.