D extension_-_4.pdf

Teaching-Learning Process This process explained by :- Leagans (1961) Teaching :- It is the process of arranging situations in which the important things to be learned are called to the attention of the learners, their interest developed, desire aroused, and action promoted. Learn...

Teaching-Learning Process This process explained by :- Leagans (1961) Teaching :- It is the process of arranging situations in which the important things to be learned are called to the attention of the learners, their interest developed, desire aroused, and action promoted. Learning :- Is the process by which an individual, through one's own efforts and abilities change the behavior. Process :- Means a course of procedure something that occurs in a series of actions or events conducting to the desired end. # Elements of effective learning :- (1) Learners :- Persons who want and need to learn are the learners.  It is most important element of learning situation.  Farmers, farm women & rural youth comprise the learners. (2) Teachers :- They are the extension agents who impart training & motivate the learners. (3) Subject Matter :- Content or topic of teaching that is useful to the learners. (4) Teaching material :- These are appropriate instructional material, equipments. (5) Physical facilities :- It means appropriate physical environment in which teaching learning can take place.  Adoption and Diffusion of Innovations Adoption :- Is a decision to make full use of an innovation as the best course of action available. Diffusion :- Is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channel over time among the members of a social system. Innovation :- An innovation is an idea, practice or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption. Adoption :- Is an individual matter or phenomenon or behavioural socio-economical phenomenon or mental process. It is a decision - making process.  Stages of Adoption :- 5 stages (1)Awareness stage (2)Interest stage (3)Evaluation stage - mental stage (4)Trial stage :- Applies the new idea on a small scale. (5)Adoption stage :- The individual uses the new idea continuously on a full scale. Elements of Adoption process :- 4 elements (1)Innovation (2)Diffusion (3)Motivation (4)Adoption  Categories of Adopters :- (1) Innovators :- They are venturesome and first to adopt a new idea, much ahead of other members in the community. They are cosmopolite.  In India, innovators constitute only 2.5% of the total population. (2) Early adopters :- Such people adopt through local leaders and constitute 13.5% of the total population. (3) Early Majority :- Such people adopt just before adopting the common people and not through the local leaders & constitute 34% (4) Late Majority :- They are cautious & skeptical, & adopt new ideas just after seeing their relatives & neighbour or average members of the community. They have constitute 34% of the total population. (5) Laggards :- They are traditional and the last to adopt an innovation. They constitute only 16% of the total Indian population.