Cytology 2 PDF
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Uploaded by EnhancedEuphonium7177
October 6 University
Gehan Khalaf
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Summary
This document is a lecture on cytology, focusing on cell organelles like mitochondria, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum. It covers their structure and functions, including diagrams and images. The notes are suitable for undergraduate students in biology.
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Cytology 2 By Prof. Dr. Gehan Khalaf LECTURE ILOs 1. Identify the organelles of the cell 2. Correlate the structure of organelles with its function 3. Identify the microscopic appearance of organelles Cytoplasmic organelles Mitochondria Definition: Membranous organelles E.M.: Large...
Cytology 2 By Prof. Dr. Gehan Khalaf LECTURE ILOs 1. Identify the organelles of the cell 2. Correlate the structure of organelles with its function 3. Identify the microscopic appearance of organelles Cytoplasmic organelles Mitochondria Definition: Membranous organelles E.M.: Largest organoids 1 x 10 µm in size 1-Outer membrane; Smooth 2-Inner membrane: Rough (folds-cristae) 3- inter membranous space 4- Cristae Enzymes - A.T.P. synthase 5-Matrix space (Inter cristae) -Electron dense granules ( ca) -Enzymes of carbohydrate and fat metabolism -DNA… -RNA -Ribosomes… Self divide (10 days life span) Form its own protein Function: 1-Energy production ( abundant in liver cells & muscle) Ribosomes Def. : Non membranous Ribosomal RNA + protein Formed in nucleolus L.M: basophilic cytoplasm Spotty basophilia Diffuse basophilia Localized basophilia E.M: electron dense granules 2 subunits ( small – large ) 2 types 1- Free ribosomes: 1- Clusters connected by m.RNA (Polysomes) 2- Synthesis of protein which remains in cytoplasm 2- Attached ribosomes: 1- to RER by its large subunits 2- Synthesis of protein which need to be segregated ( secretory protein- lysosomal enzymes)& integral membrane protein Compare between RER and SER RER SER Parallel cisternae Branching and anastomosing tubules Protein synthesis Lipid , glycogen & steroid synthesis, Drug detoxification Ca storage in muscle Attached ribosomes No ribosomes Continuous with outer Not continuous nuclear membrane Function of Golgi apparatus: 1- Concentration of protein 2- Modification of protein.. 3- Sorting & package Secretory vesicles Lysosome Integral membrane protein What are the cells that have abundant lysosomes? What are the differences between primary and secondary lysosomes References: Junqueira’s BASIC HISTOLOGY. A text and Atlas 16TH edition 2021
