Histology Cytology 2 Quiz PDF

1. What is the main function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)? a) Lipid synthesis b) Protein synthesis c) DNA replication d) ATP production Answer: b 2. Which organelle is primarily responsible for lipid synthesis? a) Rough ER b) Smooth ER c) Golgi apparatus d) Lysoso...

1. What is the main function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)? a) Lipid synthesis b) Protein synthesis c) DNA replication d) ATP production Answer: b 2. Which organelle is primarily responsible for lipid synthesis? a) Rough ER b) Smooth ER c) Golgi apparatus d) Lysosome Answer: b 3. What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in cells? a) DNA replication b) Protein packaging and sorting c) Lipid breakdown d) Energy production Answer: b 4. What is the primary function of lysosomes? a) Protein synthesis b) Digestion of cellular waste c) DNA synthesis d) Lipid storage Answer: b 5. Which type of lysosome contains newly synthesized digestive enzymes? a) Primary lysosome  b) Secondary lysosome c) Autophagic vacuole d) Multivesicular body Answer: a 6. Where are hydrolytic enzymes found in a cell? a) Mitochondria b) Lysosomes c) Ribosomes d) Nucleus Answer: b 7. Which cell organelle helps in detoxifying drugs? a) Rough ER b) Smooth ER c) Golgi apparatus d) Lysosomes Answer: b 8. What enzyme is responsible for degrading hydrogen peroxide in peroxisomes? a) Catalase b) Protease c) Lipase d) Amylase Answer: a 9. Which organelle releases calcium ions for muscle contraction? a) Rough ER b) Smooth ER c) Mitochondria  d) Nucleus Answer: b 10. Which type of vesicle in the Golgi apparatus is filled with proteins and fuses with flat vesicles? a) Macro vesicles b) Transfer vesicles c) Secretory vesicles d) Primary lysosome Answer: b 11. What is the function of residual bodies in cells? a) Nutrient storage b) Waste removal c) Energy production d) Protein synthesis Answer: b 12. Where are ribosomes located on the endoplasmic reticulum? a) Smooth ER b) Golgi apparatus c) Rough ER d) Mitochondria Answer: c 13. What is the main role of the cis face of the Golgi apparatus? a) Sorting proteins b) DNA synthesis c) Protein modification d) Receiving vesicles from ER Answer: d 14. What type of lysosome is involved in breaking down old organelles? a) Autophagic lysosome b) Primary lysosome c) Secondary lysosome d) Peroxisome Answer: a 15. Which structure in cells stores and concentrates secretory products? a) Lysosome b) Golgi apparatus c) Secretory vesicle d) Nucleus Answer: c 16. What substance is synthesized in the smooth ER? a) DNA b) Lipids c) RNA d) Proteins Answer: b 17. Which part of the endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein synthesis? a) Rough ER b) Smooth ER c) Golgi apparatus d) Mitochondria Answer: a 18. What is the primary role of peroxisomes? a) Protein synthesis  b) Lipid storage c) Detoxification d) ATP production Answer: c 19. Which enzyme is abundant in peroxisomes? a) Protease b) Amylase c) Catalase d) Lipase Answer: c 20. Where in the cell would you find cisternae? a) Lysosome b) Golgi apparatus c) Nucleus d) Peroxisome Answer: b 21. Which organelle is known as the 'digestive system' of the cell? a) Mitochondria b) Golgi apparatus c) Lysosomes d) Endoplasmic reticulum Answer: c 22. What is the fate of indigestible material in cells? a) Stored in peroxisomes b) Stored in residual bodies c) Excreted immediately  d) Converted to protein Answer: b 23. Which structure in the Golgi apparatus is responsible for secretion? a) Cisternae b) Macro vesicles c) Trans face d) Smooth ER Answer: c 24. What are zymogen granules? a) Inactive enzyme storage b) Protein synthesis sites c) Lipid storage granules d) Mitochondrial components Answer: a 25. What do primary lysosomes contain? a) RNA b) Hydrolytic enzymes c) Lipids d) DNA Answer: b 26. Where are secretory vesicles commonly formed? a) Mitochondria b) Rough ER c) Golgi apparatus d) Lysosome Answer: c 27. What does the rough ER have on its surface that the smooth ER lacks? a) Mitochondria b) Ribosomes c) Lysosomes d) DNA Answer: b 28. Which organelle assists in the maturation of hormones? a) Nucleus b) Peroxisome c) Golgi apparatus d) Mitochondria Answer: c 29. What cellular process helps sperm penetrate the ovum? a) Phagocytosis b) Lysosomal activation c) Endocytosis d) Exocytosis Answer: b 30. What is the main function of the smooth ER in liver cells? a) Protein synthesis b) Detoxification c) ATP production d) Lipid degradation Answer: b 31. What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells? Answer: The smooth ER in muscle cells helps regulate muscle contraction by releasing calcium ions. 32. Explain the difference between rough ER and smooth ER. Answer: Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and is involved in protein synthesis, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification. 33. Describe the process of autophagy in lysosomes. Answer: Autophagy is a process where lysosomes break down old or damaged organelles within the cell to recycle materials. 34. What is the role of catalase in peroxisomes? Answer: Catalase is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, preventing cell damage. 35. Explain the role of transfer vesicles in the Golgi apparatus. Answer: Transfer vesicles carry proteins from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus for further modification and sorting. 36. What is the role of residual bodies in long-lived cells? Answer: Residual bodies accumulate in long-lived cells and contain indigestible materials that are left over after lysosomal digestion. 37. Describe the function of the Golgi apparatus in protein modification. Answer: The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins by adding carbohydrates or phosphates, preparing them for transport to various cellular locations. 38. How does the Golgi apparatus contribute to cell membrane repair? Answer: The Golgi apparatus helps repair the cell membrane by supplying necessary lipids and proteins through vesicles. 39. What are primary lysosomes and their function? Answer: Primary lysosomes are small vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes that can fuse with other vesicles to digest material. 40. Explain the difference between peroxisomes and lysosomes.  Answer: Peroxisomes contain enzymes for detoxifying harmful substances, while lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for digesting cellular waste.