culture.gec3.pdf

Culture Culture refers to the unified style of human knowledge, beliefs, and behavior from which people learn, and the ability to communicate knowledge to the next generations. Its development has been mainly influenced by media. Media's five stages development of Historically, media und...

Culture Culture refers to the unified style of human knowledge, beliefs, and behavior from which people learn, and the ability to communicate knowledge to the next generations. Its development has been mainly influenced by media. Media's five stages development of Historically, media underwent stages from the earliest forms to the complex one. These stages affect globalization progressively. (Lule, 2014) 1. Oral Communication Allowed humans to communicate and share information Became the most important tool for exploring the world and the different cultures Helped people move and settle down Led to markets, trade, and cross- continental trade routes 2. Script Allowed humans to communicate over a larger space and for a much longer duration Allowed the permanent codification of economic, cultural, religious, and political practice 3. Printing Press Allowed the continuous production, reproduction, and circulation of print materials Gave everyone access to information that was once available only to the rich, powerful, and religious 4. Electronic Media Characterized by its use of electricity Includes the telegraph, telephone, radio, film, and television Opens up new perspective in the economic, political, and cultural processes of globalization 5. Digital Media Relies on digital codes Can be created, modified, and stored in any digital electronic device Transmitted over the internet and computer networks Media A carrier of culture A tool for the interaction of people with different cultures Cultural Differentialism Views cultural difference as immutable As the west and non-Western civilizations interact or are brought in contact through globalization, clash of civilizations such as that of the West and Islam logically follows Cultural Convergence Suggests that globalization engenders a growing sameness of cultures Cultural Hybridity Suggests that globalization spawns an increasing and ongoing mixing of cultures An example of this is the Chabacano, a Spanish- based creole language of the Zamboanga City and of some parts of Cavite, which exemplifies hybridity in language prompted by the merging of two cultures Glocalization Coined from globalization and localization A rather new concept brought about by the increased frequency of contact among cultures Reinforces the fact that local cultures are not weak, static, or fixed All in all, the five stages of development of media have greatly influenced the globalization of culture. From pamphlets to Instagram, Twitter, and SnapChat, media has produced and reproduced cultural products around the globe. Moreover, the increase in cultural interactions generated by media results in outcomes that exhibit the vigor of local cultures influenced by the global culture.