CPAR Painting & Sculpture Notes PDF

CPAR PAINTING Painting: Note Version Painting: Visual art that involves applying paint or pigment to a solid surface, often used to create imagery, design, and express emotions. Tools: Brushes, sponges, or other tools used to manipulate paint for desired effects. Objective Accuracy Objective A...

CPAR PAINTING Painting: Note Version Painting: Visual art that involves applying paint or pigment to a solid surface, often used to create imagery, design, and express emotions. Tools: Brushes, sponges, or other tools used to manipulate paint for desired effects. Objective Accuracy Objective Accuracy: Capturing reality with selective use of details, aiming for a realistic portrayal. Detached Observer: The artist represents reality without personal bias, acting like a reporter. Selective Eye: Artist chooses which details to emphasize or simplify for clarity and impact. Devices for Objective Accuracy: Correct Drawing: Mastery in drawing and light control to make images realistic. Focus: Sharpness or softness in forms to guide the viewer\'s attention. Color: Reflects light and spatial effects, describing objects and their environment. Formal Order Formal Order: Focuses on structure, balance, and harmony in art, often using mathematical proportions. Characteristics: Stability, order, proportion, balance, and harmony. Historical Influence: Traces back to ancient Greeks\' search for beauty through ideal forms. Emotional Style Emotion in Painting: Expresses feelings like joy, sorrow, or anger through colors, forms, and techniques. Focus: Emotional impact rather than realistic representation. Fantasy Style Fantasy in Painting: Imaginative and surreal, blending reality with dream-like elements (mythical creatures, magical landscapes). Characteristics: Combines logic and irrationality, blending reality and illusion. Art Appreciation Three Key Elements: Description: Subject, material, and visual elements. Analysis: Style, design, and artist's techniques. Interpretation: Meaning, mood, or theme of the painting. This note version provides a brief overview of painting styles and approaches, focusing on their characteristics and how they impact the viewer. SCULPTURE: Sculpture: Note Version Sculpture: An art form that requires creative balance, material manipulation, and physical strength. Traditionally made from materials like marble, metal, and wood, modern sculpture incorporates new materials and technologies. Sculptural Processes: Stone: Carved, drilled, abraded, and polished. Wood: Flexible and can be bent, molded, or carved, but is prone to warping and cracking. Resin: Popular in contemporary art, especially in the Philippines. Common Materials: Granite, limestone, marble, wood, clay, metals. Four Basic Sculpture Techniques: Modeling: Additive process using malleable materials (e.g., clay) shaped over an armature. Carving: Subtractive process, cutting away material (stone, wood). Example: Ramon Orlina's glass sculptures. Casting: Creating a permanent sculpture by casting in metal or resin from an original clay or wax model. Example: Ed Defensor\'s The Battle. Assembling: Combining different materials (e.g., found objects) using adhesive or welding. Styles and Movements in Sculpture Monolithic Sculpture: A large, single block of material, often monumental in scale. Constructivism: Focuses on construction and industrial materials, emphasizing geometric forms and a lack of traditional artistic aesthetics. Grotto: Sculptural spaces or artificial caves often used as environmental installations or backdrops. Box: Description: Sculptures created in the shape of a box or using box-like structures. These works often explore containment, confinement, or the idea of art as a package or container. Characteristics: Can be closed, portable, and exhibit careful craftsmanship. The box form can serve both a functional and artistic purpose, connecting to themes of order, protection, and preservation. Art Appreciation Elements: Description: Identify subject matter, materials, and form. Analysis: Study style, design qualities, and the artist\'s technique. Interpretation: Focus on the theme, mood, or idea conveyed by the sculpture. Example: Ed Defensor\'s Mother and Child (1999) Description: Concrete sculpture representing a mother and child, mounted in a garden. Materials: Reinforced concrete polished for smoothness; lacks detailed form but conveys warmth. Art Elements: Use of space, allowing light and air to penetrate the sculpture. Simplified but expressive gesture showing the love between mother and child. Questions for Analysis: How was the sculpture made? What emotions does it evoke? How does it compare to other sculptures? Interpretation: Message: Universal theme of motherly love and childhood. Emotion: Despite being made of hard material, the sculpture appeals to human emotions, showcasing a soft, loving gesture. ARCHITECTURE: Elements and Principles in Architecture: Size: Relates the structure and its parts to the human beings who occupy the space. Scale: Relates to the proportion of an object or space to all the other objects in it and to the human beings and their activities held in the structure. Emphasis: Major and subordinate elements are determined in the structural design. Pattern and Ornamental: Artistic surfaces designed by the structural limits, edges, and corners. Materials in Architecture: Cast Iron: Used for building structures like bridges or fountains, popular in the 1800s. Steel Manufacture and Fabrication: Includes processes such as cutting, drilling, bending, pressing, and rolling to form steel components. Reinforced Concrete and Ferroconcrete: Concrete embedded with steel to resist forces; the steel absorbs tensile, shear, and sometimes compressive stresses. Structural Devices in Architecture: Post-and-Lintel: Uses vertical and horizontal elements; verticals support the horizontals, creating a basic structure. Cantilever: A rigid body fixed at one end, supporting loads and forces without shifting. Truss System: A triangulated system of interconnected structural elements, often called an open web girder. Arch: A curved part of a structure that supports an opening, providing flexibility and support. Vault: A self-supporting arched form used to cover a space with a ceiling or roof. Dome: A spherical architectural element that covers a space, often overlapping with cupola design. Shell Structure: Consists of curved sheets defining the boundary between interior and exterior spaces, self-supporting without internal beams or columns. Solar Panels: Collect sunlight and convert it into electricity for homes or businesses. Style in Contemporary Architecture: Unique Shapes: Buildings often have unusual or irregular shapes, standing out from traditional designs. Open Spaces: Fewer walls create flexible, open living areas. Large Windows: Big windows connect indoors with outdoors and allow natural light. Eco-Friendly Materials: Use of green and repurposed materials to promote sustainability. Blending with Nature: Designs that fit into their surroundings and meet environmental needs. Contemporary Architectural Styles: Biomorphic Architecture: Inspired by nature, with shapes mimicking living organisms. Example: Saint Andrew the Apostle Church in Makati. Environment-Friendly Architecture: Uses sustainable and recycled materials. Examples: Green Canyon Resort and Pearl Farm Resort. Industrial Architecture: Features raw, unfinished materials, focusing on functionality and aesthetics. Example: Henry Hotel lobby. Art Appreciation in Architecture: Description: Discuss subject matter, materials, and form. Analysis: Focus on style, design qualities, and the architect's technique. Interpretation: Examine the theme, mood, or idea communicated, and evaluate the beauty of the architecture. MUSIC: Music Definition: Vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. Prominent Filipino Composers and Their Contributions Antonio R. Buenaventura (October 4, 1904 -- January 25, 1996) Background: Filipino composer, conductor, and educator blending traditional Filipino musical elements with Western classical forms. Famous Works: Symphonic Poem (1937): Integrates Filipino rhythms and melodies into Western classical music. Hawak Kamay (1961): For brass band with Filipino motifs. The Philippine Symphony Orchestra (1960s): Shaped and directed one of the premier orchestras in the Philippines. Role: Key in developing Philippine orchestral and band music, incorporating Filipino cultural themes, and educating future musicians. Jose Marceda (August 8, 1903 -- June 4, 1967) Background: Filipino composer and music educator integrating Filipino folk elements into classical compositions. Famous Works: Laban ng Maginoo (1935): Incorporates Filipino themes and melodies. Malinaw Na Tubig (1950s): Choral piece with Filipino folk elements. Hawak Kamay (1960s): For brass band emphasizing traditional Filipino musical elements. Role: Promoted Filipino musical traditions and educated new generations about the country's cultural heritage. Lucrecia R. Kasilag (August 31, 1918 -- July 16, 2008) Background: Composer known for fusing Western classical music with Filipino folk elements and jazz. Famous Works: Toccata for a Jazz Piano and Orchestra (1974): Merges classical music with jazz and Filipino folk elements. Rondalla Suite (1964): Incorporates traditional Filipino rondalla instruments. Concertino for Piano and Orchestra (1976): Blends different musical influences. Role: Bridged Western classical and Filipino musical traditions, impacting the preservation and promotion of Philippine music. Ernani Joson Cuenco (May 10, 1936 -- June 11, 1988) Background: Composer, film scorer, musical director, and music teacher. National Artist for Music. Famous Works: Nahan, Kahit na Magtiis Diligin Mo ng Hamog ang Uhaw na Lupa Pilipinas, Inang Bayan Isang Dalangin Kalesa Bato sa Buhangin Gaano Ko Ikaw Kamahal Role: Known for kundiman ballads and contributions as a composer and educator. Lucio Diestro San Pedro, Sr. (February 11, 1913 -- March 31, 2002) Background: Composer and teacher, National Artist of the Philippines for Music in 1991. Famous Works: The Devil\'s Bridge Malakas at Maganda Overture Lulay Sa Ugoy ng Duyan Dance of the Fairies Lahing Kayumanggi Role: Contributed to Filipino regional band music and well-known compositions like \"Sa Ugoy ng Duyan.\" Antonio Jesús Naguiat Molina (December 26, 1894 -- January 29, 1980) Background: Composer, conductor, and music administrator. Famous Works: Misa Antoniana Grand Festival Mass Ang Batingaw Prelude and Romanz for Cello and Piano Bontok Rhapsody Malikmata We Were Moonlight Role: Introduced advanced scales and chords into local Filipino music. Francisco Feliciano (February 19, 1941 -- September 19, 2014) Background: Composer and conductor, pioneer of contemporary Filipino music. Famous Works: La Loba Negra Ashen Wings Sikhay Sa Kabila ng Paalam (Beyond the Farewell) Role: Bridged traditional and modern music, nurturing young Filipino musicians. Levi Celerio (April 30, 1910 -- April 2, 2002) Background: Composer and lyricist, known for playing music using a leaf. Famous Works: Wrote lyrics for over 4,000 Filipino folk, Christmas, and love songs. Role: Preserved and popularized the kundiman tradition. Ramon Santos (February 25, 1941) Background: Composer and ethnomusicologist, known for contemporary Filipino classical music. Famous Works: Compositions influenced by Filipino folk music and research on Philippine and Asian music. Role: Preserved and promoted the diversity of Philippine music through research and composition. Jovita Fuentes (February 15, 1895 -- August 7, 1978) Background: Renowned vocal talent and the first Filipino international opera star. Role: Founded music associations, advocated for music education, and was a prominent figure in Philippine music. Andrea Ofilada Veneracion (July 11, 1928 -- July 9, 2013) Background: Choral conductor and founder of the Philippine Madrigal Singers. Role: Enhanced choral music in the Philippines and was a key figure in international choral competitions. Felipe Padilla de León (May 1, 1912 -- December 5, 1992) Background: Romantic composer, conductor, and scholar. Famous Works: Noli me Tangere (1953) El Filibusterismo (1970) Role: Known for compositions reflecting Filipino identity, including operas and orchestral works. These composers and musicians have significantly shaped Philippine music, blending traditional elements with innovative approaches, and their works continue to influence and inspire contemporary music. FILIPINO LITERATURE ARTIST: Literature Overview Definition: Literature consists of written or spoken works that express ideas, emotions, or stories through language. It includes a variety of forms and serves to entertain, educate, and reflect the human experience. Types of Literature Poetry: Uses rhythm and word choice to evoke emotions. Prose: Written in ordinary language, divided into: Fiction: Imaginary stories (novels, short stories). Non-fiction: Factual works (biographies, essays). Drama: Literature for performance, such as plays and scripts. Essays: Short works presenting an argument or analysis. Fields of Literature Classical Literature: Works from ancient Greece and Rome. Modern and Contemporary Literature: From the 19th century to today. Comparative Literature: Studies across cultures and periods. Children's Literature: Written for young readers. Postcolonial Literature: Explores effects of colonization. Literary Criticism: Analysis and interpretation of texts. Prominent Filipino Writers Edith Tiempo Born: April 22, 1919, in Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines Died: August 21, 2011, in Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, Philippines Education: Bachelor\'s in Education (University of the Philippines), Master's in English (University of Santo Tomas) Contributions: Known for intricate poetry and fiction. Co-founded the Silliman National Writers Workshop. Notable works include \"Lament for the Littlest Fellow\" and \"Bonsai.\" Awards: National Artist Award for Literature (1999) Bienvenido Lumbera Born: April 11, 1932, in Lipa, Batangas, Philippines Died: September 28, 2021, in Manila, Philippines Education: Bachelor's in Literature (University of Santo Tomas), Master's in Comparative Literature (Indiana University), PhD in Filipino Literature (Indiana University) Contributions: Prolific poet, critic, and dramatist. Known for insightful analyses of Philippine literature and culture. Awards: National Artist of the Philippines, Ramon Magsaysay Award, National Book Awards, Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards Francisco Sionil José Born: December 3, 1924, in Rosales, Pangasinan, Philippines Still Living Education: Bachelor's in English (University of Santo Tomas) Contributions: Renowned for novels and short stories exploring class struggles, colonialism, and Filipino social realities. Awards: Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature, and Creative Communication Arts (1980), National Artist Award for Literature (2001) Alfred A. Yuson Born: August 19, 1945, in Manila, Philippines Still Living Education: Bachelor's in English and Master's in Literature (University of the Philippines) Contributions: Versatile writer and artist with work in poetry, essays, fiction, and film. Active in promoting Philippine literature abroad. Awards: National Artist Award for Literature (2014) Francisco Arcellana Born: September 6, 1916, in Sta. Cruz, Manila, Philippines Died: August 1, 2002, in Quezon City, Philippines Education: Bachelor's in Philosophy (University of the Philippines) Contributions: Pioneer of the Filipino short story in English, focusing on themes of family, love, and human relationships. Awards: National Artist of the Philippines for Literature (1990) N.V.M. Gonzales Born: September 8, 1915, in Romblon, Philippines Died: November 28, 1999, in Quezon City, Philippines Education: Bachelor's in Literature (University of the Philippines) Contributions: Novelist and short story writer depicting rural Filipino life and traditions. Awards: National Artist of the Philippines for Literature (1997) Virgilio Almario Born: March 9, 1944, in Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines Still Living Education: Bachelor's in Filipino (National University of the Philippines) Contributions: Champion of Filipino language and literature, promoting the use of Filipino and writing extensively in both Filipino and English. Awards: National Artist of the Philippines (2003) Cirilo Bautista Born: December 9, 1941, in Manila, Philippines Died: May 6, 2018, in Manila, Philippines Education: Bachelor's in Literature (University of Santo Tomas), Master's in Comparative Literature (Indiana University) Contributions: Known for innovative and experimental poetry exploring history, culture, and the human condition. Awards: National Artist of the Philippines (2014) Nick Joaquin Born: May 4, 1917, in Paco, Manila, Philippines Died: April 29, 2004, in Makati, Philippines Education: Bachelor's in English (University of the Philippines) Contributions: Mastery of historical fiction and exploration of Filipino identity with rich language and vivid imagery. Awards: National Artist of the Philippines for Literature (1976) Amado V. Hernandez Born: September 13, 1903, in Tondo, Manila, Philippines Died: March 24, 1970, in Quezon City, Philippines Education: Bachelor's in Law (University of the Philippines) Contributions: Focused on working-class struggles and societal injustices in his works. Awards: National Artist of the Philippines for Literature (1997) Jose Garcia Villa Born: August 5, 1908, in Manila, Philippines Died: February 7, 1997, in New York City, USA Education: Bachelor's in Liberal Arts (University of the Philippines), Master's in Arts (University of New Mexico) Contributions: Pioneer of modernism in Philippine literature, exploring themes of love, nature, and the human condition. Awards: National Artist of the Philippines for Literature (1973) Carlos P. Romulo Born: January 14, 1899, in Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines Died: December 15, 1985, in Manila, Philippines Education: Bachelor's in English (University of the Philippines), further studies at Columbia University Contributions: Significant role in Philippine politics and diplomacy, serving as a delegate to the United Nations and Secretary of Foreign Affairs. Awards: Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service (1958) Alejandro Roces Born: July 13, 1924, in Manila, Philippines Died: May 23, 2011, in Manila, Philippines Education: Bachelor's in English (University of the Philippines) Contributions: Prolific writer known for short stories, essays, and plays. Awards: National Artist of the Philippines for Literature (2003) Carlos Quirino Born: February 8, 1910, in Tondo, Manila, Philippines Died: May 20, 1999, in Manila, Philippines Education: Bachelor's in English (University of the Philippines) Contributions: Prolific biographer and historian, known for biographies of figures like Jose Rizal and Manuel Quezon. Awards: National Artist of the Philippines for Historical Literature (1997) VISUAL ARTS: ere's a consolidated overview of Filipino visual artists and their contributions: Visual Art Overview Visual art encompasses paintings, sculptures, drawings, and other visual forms that are interpreted through sight. This category can also include performances and installations when exhibited publicly. Prominent Filipino Visual Artists Rodel Tapaya Born: 1980, Montalban, Rizal, Philippines Education: Parsons School of Design \| The New School Notable For: Large-scale canvases, narrative murals, and sculptural installations. A leading contemporary Filipino painter with a significant international presence. Francisco Coching Born: January 29, 1919 Died: September 1, 1998 Notable For: Considered the \"dean of Filipino illustrators.\" A central figure in Filipino comics (komiks), using the art form to explore colonialism and folklore. Victorio Edades Born: December 23, 1895 Died: March 7, 1985 Notable For: The \"father of Modern Philippine art.\" Led the Thirteen Moderns, promoting modernism in Philippine art. His work is pivotal in the country\'s art history. Frederico Alcuaz Born: June 6, 1932 Died: February 2, 2011 Notable For: Cubist-inspired paintings with soft blurred edges and bold lines. Known for his \'Barcelona Series,\' capturing the essence of the city with vivid detail. Fernando Amorsolo Born: May 30, 1892 Died: April 24, 1972 Notable For: Renowned for his realistic and romantic depictions of rural Philippine landscapes and portraiture. Known as the \"Grand Old Man of Philippine Art.\" Ronald Ventura Born: Contemporary artist Notable For: Melding realism, cartoons, and graffiti. His works often explore chaotic themes with references to science fiction, mythology, and popular culture. Napoleon Abueva Born: January 26, 1930 Died: February 16, 2018 Notable For: The \"Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture.\" Notable works include \"The Nine Muses,\" representing various arts. Awarded National Artist for Sculpture in 1976. Jordan Mang-Osan Born: September 21, 1967, Acupan, Itogon Benguet Notable For: Pyrography (burn mark art) using indigenous materials. Focuses on celebrating the heritage of his people and his country. Founder of the Chanum Foundation. Benedicto Cabrera (BenCab) Born: April 10, 1942 Notable For: Master of contemporary Philippine art. Known for works like \"Sabel,\" which reflects on marginalized communities and their stories. Max Adlao Born: 1929 Died: 2009 Notable For: Known for his folk genre paintings rich in cultural detail and folk traditions. Notable Works \"El Indio\" by Francisco Coching \"The Sketch\" by Victorio Edades \"Barcelona Series\" by Frederico Alcuaz \"Harana\" by Max Adlao This summary captures key figures and contributions in the visual arts scene, highlighting their impact and the thematic elements of their work.