Arts 9 Q1 Prehistoric and Western Arts PDF

ART CLASS MAPEH-9 MS. ANTERYL ANN T. EDRALIN WELCOME TO CLASS! HOW ARE YOU TODAY?  CLASS OBJECTIVES The learners must be able to recognize the difference and uniqueness of art styles of the different art periods. The learners must be able to perform and participat...

ART CLASS MAPEH-9 MS. ANTERYL ANN T. EDRALIN WELCOME TO CLASS! HOW ARE YOU TODAY?  CLASS OBJECTIVES The learners must be able to recognize the difference and uniqueness of art styles of the different art periods. The learners must be able to perform and participate competently in a presentation of creative impression. The learners must be able to create an artwork guided by the techniques and styles of the Western Classical Art. REVIEW: ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ARTS  RHYTHM It can help unify a work of art by repeating lines, shapes, colors, or other elements of art. An element may repeat once or multiple times to create rhythm or pattern. FEW WAYS TO CREATE RHYTHM Regular Rhythm Random Rhythm Progressive Rhythm Alternating Rhythm REGULAR RHYTHM Similar or identical elements repeating at regular intervals. Think a regular, steady beat. RANDOM RHYTHM Repeating similar elements with no pattern.  PROGRESSIVE RHYTHM As an art element repeats it slowly changes maintaining a steady rhtyhm. ALTERNATING RHYTHM Two or more different elements that alternate. A more interesting and complex version of regular rhythm. UNITY It is a connection between elements that create a sense of organization or harmony in the work of art. Unity helps create a sense of completeness. FEW WAYS TO CREATE UNITY Proximity Repetition PROXIMITY The closer elements are to each other, the more likely the viewer will see them as a group. REPETITION If similar elements are repeated they will appear to be related. EMPHASIS It is a part of a design that catches viewer's eye and bring it to the focal point of the design. It is created by using contrast to the design FEW WAYS TO CREATE EMPHASIS Shape Color Line Space Texture SHAPE Create emphasis by adding a variety of shapes to your design. Example: Square vs. Circle LINE Create emphasis by adding a variety of lines to your design. Use lines to direct the viewer's eye to the focal point.  COLOR Create emphasis by adding a pop of color to your design. Make your focal point a bright color if it is surrounded by black and white. EMPHASIS Create emphasis by focusing on the rule of the thirds. Divide your paper into thirds, vertically or horizontally, place your focal point in one of the third.  TEXTURE Create emphasis by adding contrasting textures to your design. For example, smooth vs. rough. Remember: When creating your design make sure not everything is emphasized because the focal point will get lost, nothing will stand out, and the viewer's eyes won't know where to go. BALANCE It is the visual distribution of weight through color, texture, and space. Balance helps the image look more stable. COLOR AND VALUE Bright color and dark value can add weight to an object. TEXTURE Adding texture can also add weight to the object. SIZE AND QUANTITY Larger objects feel heavier. Multiple objects can balance larger objects. FEW WAYS TO USE BALANCE Asymmetrical Balance Symmetrical Balance  ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE It is also known as the informal balance. Created by having different objects on either side of the a vertical axis. Balance through contrast. ASYMMETICAL BALANCE  SYMMETICAL BALANCE It is also known as the formal balance. Created by having a mirror image on the opposite side of a vertical axis. Balance through repititon.  CHAPTER 1 LESSON 1 : PREHISTORIC, MESOPOTAMIAN AND EGYPTIAN ART LESSON 2 : CLASSICAL ART LESSON 3 : MEDIEVAL PERIOD “A beautiful thing is never perfect” -Egyptian Proverb  PRESTORIC TIME Prehistoric Artwork means “before history” PREHISTORIC ART Prehistoric includes all human existence before the emergence of writing. Their art is of interest not only to the art historians but also to the archeologist and anthropologist, for whom art is not only a clue-along with fossils, pollens, and other finds to an understanding of early human life and culture.  PREHISTORIC ARTWORK Earliest examples of surviving artworks are cave drawings. Ancient drawings were made as early as 30,000 years ago or during the Paleolithic period (40,000-1 0,000 BCE). PAINTINGS Earliest Artworks Paintings in El Castillo Horses, Chauvet Cave, in Puente Viesgo, Spain France  PAINTINGS These paintings were found inside the caves which may have been their way of communicating with each other. These paintings may be more an artifact El Castillo in Puente of the archeological evidence than a true Viesgo, Spain picture of human's first created art. Prehistoric drawings of animals were usually correct in proportion. Horses, Chauvet Cave, France PAINTINGS The dominant features in the painting were large animals native in the region. It was discovered on September 12, 1940. The painting has nearly 2,000 figures mainly of animals and human figures. Cave of Lascaux SCULPTURES Materials used in sculptures vary according to region and locality. Archeologist believed that their sculpture is a result of natural erosion and not of human artistry. Frequently, carving may have mythological or religious significance. SCULPTURES VENUS OF WILLENDORF It is carved from limestone with excessively heavy breast and abdomen used as charm to ensure fertility. SCULPTURES VENUS OF BRASSEMPOUY It is a sculpture of a lady with the hood. It is a fragmentary ivory figurine that realistically represents human face and hairstyle. ARCHITECTURE An interesting and mysterious artifact made during this age were huge stone structures called Megaliths ARCHITECTURE Man has developed a form of architecture based on megaliths (a big rock) from the Greek word lithos (stone) and megas (big). This architecture is made of huge stone blocks which were probably intended for burial. ARCHITECTURE Megalithic monuments have always ignited man’s imagination. It provided plenty of legends and superstition. During this era, stones and rocks were associated with divinity. Cromlech It is a Brythonic word where “crom” means bent or curved and “llech” which means slab or flagstones. Literary it is a circle of standing stones.  Dolmens The word dolmen originated from the expression taolmaen, which means “stone table”. These structures are in a form of table consisting of two huge standing stones supporting a horizontal giant stone. It is believed that it served as grave or as an altar Menhir It is a huge stone standing vertically on the ground, usually standing in the middle of the field or arranged in rows.  Angono Petroglyphs In the Philippines, one of the oldest known artifacts was discovered in 1 965 in a cave in Angono, Rizal EARLY CIVILIZATIONS Around 5,000 years ago, four major civiliizations developed at almost the same time. These civilizations were found in Mesopotamia (present-day parts of Iraq, Kuwait, Syria, Turkey, and Iran) Egypt, India, and China  ART OF ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA Ancient Mesopotamia was located where Syria and Iraq are today. The Sumerians were the first to develop a writing system called Cuneiform. ART OF ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA Sumerians also built megaliths called ziggurats. Pyramidal stepped temple tower that is an architectural and religious structure characteristic of the major cities of Mesopotamia (now mainly in Iraq). The ziggurat was always built with a core of mud brick and an exterior covered with baked brick. EGYPTIAN ART Ancient Egyptian art forms are characterized by regularity and detailed depiction of gods, human beings, heroic battles, and nature. A high proportion of the surviving works were designed and made to provide peace and assistance to the deceased in the afterlife. Hieroglyphs were the writing system of the ancient Egyptians. Hieroglyphs were combination of logography, which is a writing system that uses characters that represent words or phrases, and alphabetic, that is a writing system composed of a set of letters.  Egyptian Mural Paintings and carvings decorated the interior of Egyptian temples and pyramids.  PAINTING The purpose of Egyptian paintings is to make the deceased afterlife place pleasant. With this in mind, themes include journey to the underworld introducing the deceased to the gods of the underworld by their protective deities. The main colors used were red, black, blue , gold and green taken derived from Sarcophagus of Tatunkhamun mineral pigments that can withstand strong sunlight without fading. SCULPTURE Egyptian Sculpture was used to safeguard the pharaohs body after death. One of the best known examples of Egyptian sculpture is the Great Sphinx. The Sphinx is a mythical creature who has ahead of a man and body of lion. Found in Giza near the Great Pyramid  SCULPTURES Symbolic elements were widely used such as forms, hieroglyphics, relative size, location, materials, color, actions and gestures. Their tombs required the most extensive used of sculpture. The most common materials used for sculptures are wood, ivory and stones. Symbolisms were heavily used to represent the gods. They were represented as composite creature with animal heads Queen Nefertiti on human bodies  SCULPTURES Realistic, with heavy lidded eyes, slender neck, determined chin and pure profile under her heavy crown. Queen , refers to the Great Royal wife of the Egyptian pharaoh. Queen’s sculpture was discovered in 1913 by German Archaeologist Ludwig Borchardt. This stood as a symbol for female beauty and power. Queen Nefertiti ARCHITECTURE The structure has thick sloping walls with few openings to obtain stability. The exterior and interior walls along with columns and piers were covered with hieroglyphics and pictorial frescoes and carvings painted in brilliant colors. ARCHITECTURE PYRAMID OF GIZA The largest of which was the Great Pyramid of Giza, also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pramid of Cheops. Originally designed with a base 230.4 m and height about 1 45-1 46 m. It was constructed around 2580-2560 BCE. ARCHITECTURE MASTABA It is a type of Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat roofed, rectangular structure with outward sloping sides. It was made of mud-bricks or stone. SARCOPHAGUS Egyptians believed that when the pharaoh dies, his soul would return to his body; that is why bodies were preserved through mummification. Mummified body was placed in a coffin called sarcophagus SARCOPHAGUS King Tutankhamun's tomb, which was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter, remains in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt. Most of the tomb's goods are now on display at the Grand Egyptian Museum in Giza. However, Tutankhamun's mummy and sarcophagus are still on display in the tomb in Luxor  LESSON 2 CLASSICAL ART “ART COMPLETE WHAT NATURE CANNOT BRING TO A FINISH.” -ARISTOTLE  Objectives: identify and diffrenciate the different artworks of the Ancient Greeks; analyze and give examples of Greek artworks;and create artworks that are inspired by ancient greek art MOTIVATION  ART OF ANCIENT GREEK ancient greek is divided into four periods: Greek art, be it 1.GEOMETRIC PERIOD- 100 BCE also sculptures, paintings, known Dark ages of ancient art. architecture or even 2.ARCHAIC PERIOD- 600 BCE music, shows ideas that Classical period the ancient Greeks value 3.CLASSICAL PERIOD- recognizable such as courage, valor, ancient greek artworks and independence. 4.HELLENISTIC PERIOD- Reign of Alexander the Great  ART OF ANCIENT GREEK Ancient Greek art emphasized the Much artwork was government importance and accomplishments of sponsored and intended for public human beings. Even though much of display. Greek art was meant to honor the gods, those very gods were created in the image of humans. PAINTINGS Paintings during the classical era were most commonly found in vases, panels and tomb. It depicts natural figures with dynamic compositions. Most of the subjects were battle scenes, mythological figures, and everyday scenes. It reveals a grasp of linear perspective and naturalist representation. Most Common Methods of Greek Paintings 1. Fresco - It is a method of painting water-based pigments on a freshly applied plaster usually on a wall surfaces. Needs 3 layers of plaster (plaster is a soft mixture, composed of lime, mixture of sands and other substance (ginagamit sa mga figurines) Colors are made with grind powder pigments in pure 1 rough layer 2 brown layer water, dry and set with a plaster to become a 3 fine layer to form delicate actual painting permanent part of the wall. Ideal for murals, durable and has a matte style. Most Common Methods of Greek Paintings Minoan Bull-leaping Needs 3 layers of plaster (plaster is a soft mixture, composed of lime, mixture of sands and other substance (ginagamit sa mga figurines) 1 rough layer 2 brown layer 3 fine layer to form delicate actual painting Most Common Methods of Greek Paintings 2. Encaustic It is developed to use by Greek ship builders, who used the hot wax to fill the cracks of the ship. Soon pigments (colors) was added and used to paint a wax hull. Most Common Methods of Greek Paintings Fayum Mummy Portraits The oldest surviving encaustic panel paintings are the Romano-Egyptian from Egypt, around 100–300 AD. SCULPTURE Early Greek sculptures were tense and stiff, their bodies were hidden within enfolding robes. After three centuries of experiments, Greek sculptures had finally evolved and showed all the points of human anatomy and proportion. Discobolus of Myron GREEK ARCHITECTURE  Corinthian Doric is the Ionic is has a simplest distinguished capital that with broad with is carved rectangular capitalized with styled capital looks like leaves of scrolls the acanthus plant temples PARTHENON was built in honor Athena, the Geek goddess of wisdom and patroness of the city. Temple of Artemis Temple of Apollo Epicurius  GREEK Sculpture Replica of the statue of Marble Bust of Zeus Athena  Greek pottery The Greek also made pottery. These earthenware were valued not just for their functionality but also their artistry.  Roman artistic innovations included equestrian statues, naturalistic busts, and decorative wall paintings ANCIENT ROME The Romans liked adorn their public and private buildings and spaces with art with color and texture Roman SCULPTURES The fascination of the Romans with portraits started when wax molds of the faces of the deceased, which were called sculpted portraits. Marble bust of Emperor Hadrian Roman SCULPTURES The Portonacio Sarcophagus Sarcopagus, from Cervetiri  ROMAN POTTERY TWO TYPES OF ROMAN EARTHENWARE: 1.COARSE WARE- made for everyday use such as cooking, storing liquids etc. 2.FINE WARE- made and used for Formal occasions, use as serving plates. Red glaze pottery called TERRA SIGILLATA “clay title image” v ROMAN PAINTINGS Artwork popular during the Roman period were murals. Artist commissioned by wealthy families to create murals in their homes. These murals depicted realistic landscapes that gave an impression of looking out a window. Most Common Methods of Roman Painting: 1. Mosaic It is an art process where an image is created using an assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stones, or other materials. This technique use for decorative art or interior decorations. Most Common Methods of Roman Painting: 2. Fresco It is a method of painting water- based pigments on a freshly applied plaster usually on a wall surfaces. Colors are made with grind powder pigments in pure water, dry and set with a plaster to become a permanent part of the wall. Ideal for murals, durable and has a matte style. ROMAN ARCHITECTURE They built sturdy stone structures both for use and to perpetuate their glory. The emperors erected huge halls and arenas for public games, baths and procession. They built them of gigantic arches of stone, bricks and concrete or with barrel vaults. ROMAN ARCHITECTURE They used a series of arch combined together, creating tunnel of sorts. The building method called the barrel vault ROMAN ARCHITECTURE It is the largest amphitheater ever built during Roman times. Located in the heart of the city, the Colosseum was the supreme arena for witnessing the preferred entertainments of the Roman era such as contests of gladiators, dramas, and animal hunts. ROMAN TEMPLES The design of the Roman temples were adopted from the designs of the Greek. They used the same decorative elements like the columns and the capitals. A noteworthy example of a Roman temple is the Pantheon. PANTHEON IN ROME, ITALY  OCULLUS OF THE PANTHEON PANTHEON SECTION SPHERE The dome is decorated with recessing panels called coffers. The coffers are not just decorative but functional as well, since these recesss make the dome lighter. BASILICA Basilicas were ancient Roman Public buildings. It was where the Roman people congregated to discuss law or any important matters that affect the state, very much examples of town halls today.  The main corridor is called nave, and the narrow corridors are called the aisles. Roman basilica plan LESSON 3 Medieval Period  Medieval Art Medieval Art was a mixture of different influences. It bore the classicism of the Roman Empire, the iconography of early Christianity, and the decorative elements of the different artistic traditions of Nordic tribes of Europe. Medieval Architecture CHURCHES The design of the christian church was based on the Roman Basilica. Monasteries The early medieval times also saw the birth of many religious orders that were housed in monasteries. Hagphpat monastery in Armenia CLOISTER OF MONASTERIO DE SANTO DOMINGO DE SILOS, SPAIN Cloister are open spaces or gardens surrounded with a covered pathway in a monastery Medieval Paintings and Drawings One of the important contributions of the early medieval period to art and Humanity is the preservation of ancient Manuscript.  Coat of Arms A non religious artwork that become popular during the medieval times was coat of arms.  Early Christian Art Crypt of the Popes in the catacombs of callixtus (Cemetary of Callixtus)  BYZANTINE ART (330-1453 CE) It is known for its extravagant mosaics, frescoes and dazzling use of gold, this style is deeply intertwined with the rise of Christianity in Europe, with many murals still decorating churches Byzantine artists often used mosaic inlay technique to create sacred images  Byzantine Paintings and Drawings The lively styles of paintings which had been invented in Greek and Rome lived on in Byzantium but this time for Christian subjects. Deasis/Deesis Mosaic Mosaic in Istanbul  ARCHITECTURE It has a lot in common with the early Christian architecture. Mosaic decoration was perfected by the Byzantines, as was the use of clerestory to bring light in from high windows. Byzantine's advancement in developing the dome created a new style in global Hagia Sophia, Turkey architecture. the principal church of the Byzantine Romanesque Art ROMANESQUE ART Combining features of Roman and Byzantine buildings and other local traditions. The art of the period was characterized by a vigorous style in both painting and sculpture. Romanesque Architecture The doorway of the Romanesque's churches are often grand sculpted portals or metal doors are surrounded by elaborate stone sculptures arranged in zones to fit architectural element. Characterized by thick walls and rounded arches Pisa Cathedral