Basic Scaffold Inspector (Level 1) Course Note PDF

BASIC SCAffold INSPECToR (lEvEl 1) CouRSE NoTE The New Syllabus of Basic Scaffold Inspector (Level 1) by the Department of Occupational Safety & Health (DOSH) Malaysia CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 1 Table of Content 1. Scaffolding Rules, Regulations...

BASIC SCAffold INSPECToR (lEvEl 1) CouRSE NoTE The New Syllabus of Basic Scaffold Inspector (Level 1) by the Department of Occupational Safety & Health (DOSH) Malaysia CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 1 Table of Content 1. Scaffolding Rules, Regulations & TG20 OG 1.1 NASC Scaffolding Rules & Regulations 1.2 TG 20 : 21 Operational Guide 1.3 Scaffolding Rules & Regulations in Malaysia 2. Duties Of Scaffold Inspector 2.1 Duties of Scaffold Inspector based on TG 20 : 21 2.2 Duties of Scaffold Inspector in a work place 3. Operational Guide 3.1. Work on site 3.2. Scaffolding construction 3.3. Handover certificate 3.4. Scaffold inspections 3.5. Duties of persons using scaffold 3.6. Protecting people and property 4. Scaffolding Inspection Checklist 4.1 General checklist for all types of scaffold 4.2 Scaffold component safety checklist 4.3 Checklist for basic scaffold 4.4 Scaffold inspection flow diagram 4.5 Scafftag system 4.6 Drawing for basic scaffold 5. Scaffold Inspection Report 6. Safe System of Work Scaffolding Associated with Timber Frame Building Construction 6.1. Extended transoms, telescopic transom units, inside board brackets 6.2. Documents and records Prepared & Organized by, Cahaya Gunung Mega Sdn Bhd 2 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 1 SCAFFOLDING RULES, REGULATIONS & TG 20 OPERATIONAL GUIDE 1.1 NASC SCAFFOLDING RULES & REGULATIONS The National Access & Scaffolding Confederation (NASC) provides guidelines and regulations to ensure safe practices in scaffolding operations. Here are some key rules and regulations based on NASC standards: Competence and Training All personnel involved in scaffolding must be competent and adequately trained for their roles. This includes both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Design and Planning Scaffolds must be designed, erected, altered, and dismantled only under the supervision of competent personnel. Detailed planning is necessary to ensure the scaffold's stability and safety. Inspection Regular inspections of scaffolding must be conducted by competent inspectors. Inspections should occur before first use, at least every 7 days thereafter, after any alterations, and following adverse weather conditions. Materials and Components Only suitable and approved materials and components should be used in scaffolding construction. These should meet relevant British and European standards. Erection and Dismantling Scaffolding should be erected, altered, and dismantled following safe methods and procedures. This includes ensuring adequate foundations, secure ties, and guardrails. Load Capacity and Stability Scaffolds must be capable of supporting their own weight and any foreseeable loads without risk of collapse. They should be stable and erected on a firm, level surface. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 1 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 1 SCAFFOLDING RULES, REGULATIONS & TG 20 OPERATIONAL GUIDE 1.2 TG 20 : 21 OPERATIONAL GUIDE TG 20:21 is a technical guidance document published by the National Access & Scaffolding Confederation (NASC) in the UK. It provides practical advice and standard configurations for tube and fitting scaffolding, aiming to improve safety and efficiency in scaffolding operations. Here are some key rules and regulations from TG 20:21: Standard Configurations TG 20:21 provides standard scaffolding configurations (or 'compliant scaffolds') that have been independently assessed for safety and compliance with relevant regulations. These configurations are categorized by scaffold type (e.g., independent tied scaffolds, birdcage scaffolds, etc.). Design and Compliance Scaffolds erected using TG 20:21 configurations should comply with NASC safety and technical standards. Design considerations include load-bearing capacity, stability, and safe access. Competence and Training Personnel involved in erecting, altering, and dismantling scaffolding must be competent and adequately trained. This includes knowledge of TG 20:21 guidelines and safe working practices. Use of Components Only approved components and materials should be used in accordance with TG 20:21 guidelines. This ensures the scaffold's structural integrity and safety. Inspection and Maintenance Regular inspections must be conducted by competent personnel. Inspections should occur before first use, at least every 7 days thereafter, after alterations, and after adverse weather conditions. Records of inspections and maintenance should be kept. Load Capacity Scaffolds must be capable of supporting their own weight and any foreseeable loads without risk of collapse. Load calculations and assessments should be conducted as per TG 20:21 guidelines. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 2 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 1 SCAFFOLDING RULES, REGULATIONS & TG 20 OPERATIONAL GUIDE Guardrails and Toeboards Guardrails and toeboards must be installed on all open sides and ends of working platforms to prevent falls and falling objects. These are integral components of compliant scaffolds detailed in TG 20:21. Weather Conditions Scaffolding should not be erected, used, or altered during adverse weather conditions that could affect its stability or the safety of personnel. TG 20:21 provides guidance on safe working practices in various weather conditions. Documentation and Records Detailed records should be kept of scaffold inspections, alterations, and dismantling. These records should be readily available for review and audit purposes. Training and Supervision: Adequate training and supervision are essential for all personnel involved in scaffolding operations to ensure compliance with TG 20:21 guidelines and safe working practices. TG 20:21 aims to simplify scaffold design and planning while ensuring high safety standards. By following these rules and regulations, scaffolding companies can enhance safety, efficiency, and compliance with industry standards and legal requirements. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 3 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 1 SCAFFOLDING RULES, REGULATIONS & TG 20 OPERATIONAL GUIDE 1.3 SCAFFOLDING RULES & REGULATIONS IN MALAYSIA In Malaysia, scaffolding rules and regulations are primarily governed by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), which operates under the Ministry of Human Resources. The main regulations and guidelines for scaffolding in Malaysia include: Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) 1994  Provides the legal framework for ensuring safety and health at workplaces, including construction sites.  Employers are required to provide and maintain a safe working environment, which includes scaffolding used by workers. Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (Act 139)  Governs safety requirements for machinery, equipment, and structures, including scaffolding, in factories and construction sites.  Requires compliance with Malaysian Standards (MS) and guidelines issued by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH). Guidelines on Safety and Health in Construction Industry (JKKP DP 001/2014):  Provides detailed requirements and standards specific to the construction industry, including scaffolding.  Covers design, erection, use, alteration, dismantling, inspection, and maintenance of scaffolds Malaysian Standard MS 1462: Part 1 & Part 2  Specifies technical requirements for scaffolding materials, components, and construction methods.  Ensures scaffolds are safe, stable, and capable of supporting intended loads. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 4 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 2 DUTIES OF SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 2.1 DUTIES OF SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR BASED ON TG 20 : 21 In the context of TG 20:21, which is a technical guidance document provided by the National Access & Scaffolding Confederation (NASC) in the UK, the duties of a scaffolding inspector are critical to ensuring the safety and compliance of scaffolding structures. Here are the key duties of a scaffolding inspector based on TG 20:21: Competence and Qualifications The scaffolding inspector must be competent and qualified to inspect scaffolding structures. This includes having adequate knowledge of TG 20:21 guidelines, relevant health and safety regulations, and scaffolding practices. Inspection Before First Use Before scaffolding is first used, the inspector must conduct a thorough inspection. This inspection ensures that the scaffold has been erected correctly according to the TG 20:21 standard configurations and that all necessary safety measures are in place. Regular Inspections Regular inspections must be carried out at least every 7 days or after any significant alteration to the scaffold structure. These inspections verify that the scaffold remains safe for use and compliant with TG 20:21 standards. Inspection After Adverse Weather After adverse weather conditions, such as strong winds or heavy rain, the scaffolding inspector must assess the scaffold's integrity. This ensures that the structure has not been compromised and remains safe for use. Inspection After Modifications If any modifications or alterations are made to the scaffold structure, a thorough inspection must be conducted to ensure that these changes have been implemented correctly and do not compromise safety. Documentation The inspector is responsible for maintaining detailed inspection records. These records should include dates of inspections, findings, any corrective actions taken, and the inspector's signature or identification. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 5 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 2 DUTIES OF SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR Identifying Hazards and Non-Compliance During inspections, the scaffolding inspector must identify any hazards or instances of non-compliance with TG 20:21 guidelines or other safety regulations. Corrective actions should be recommended and implemented promptly to mitigate risks. Communication The inspector plays a crucial role in communicating inspection findings and safety recommendations to relevant stakeholders, including scaffolding erectors, supervisors, and site management. Training and Development To maintain competence, the scaffolding inspector should stay updated with changes in scaffolding regulations, industry best practices, and advancements in scaffold technology. Continuous professional development and training are essential. By fulfilling these duties diligently, the scaffolding inspector helps ensure the safety of workers and others on-site, promotes compliance with regulatory requirements, and contributes to the overall efficiency and effectiveness of scaffolding operations based on TG 20:21 guidelines. 2.2 DUTIES OF SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR IN A WORK PLACE The duties of a scaffolding inspector in the workplace are crucial to maintaining safety and compliance with regulations. These inspectors play a pivotal role in ensuring that scaffolding structures are safe for use by workers and others on-site. Here are the primary duties of a scaffolding inspector in the workplace: Pre-Use Inspection Conducting thorough inspections of scaffolding before it is put into use. This initial inspection ensures that the scaffold has been erected correctly, according to design specifications and safety standards. Regular Inspections Performing regular inspections of scaffolding throughout its use. These inspections typically occur at least every 7 days or after any significant alterations or adverse weather conditions. The purpose is to identify any issues that may compromise safety, such as structural defects, loose fittings, or missing components. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 6 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 2 DUTIES OF SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR Documentation Maintaining detailed records of all scaffold inspections. This documentation includes dates of inspections, findings, any corrective actions taken, and the inspector's signature or identification. These records are essential for demonstrating compliance with safety regulations and for auditing purposes. Identifying Hazards Identifying potential hazards associated with scaffolding, such as inadequate bracing, unsafe access points, or improper tie-ins. The inspector should have a keen eye for spotting risks that could lead to accidents or injuries. Compliance Checks Ensuring that scaffolding structures comply with relevant safety regulations, industry standards, and manufacturer's guidelines. This includes checking load capacities, guardrail heights, toeboard installation, and the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Communication Communicating inspection findings and safety recommendations effectively to relevant stakeholders, including scaffolding erectors, supervisors, and site management. Clear communication helps ensure that corrective actions are understood and implemented promptly. Training and Guidance Providing guidance and advice to scaffolding erectors and users on safe practices and compliance with regulations. This may include training sessions on scaffold assembly, safe working practices, and the use of fall protection equipment. Risk Assessment Participating in risk assessments related to scaffolding activities. The inspector can contribute valuable insights into identifying and mitigating risks associated with specific scaffolding configurations or work environments. Continuous Improvement Staying informed about updates to safety regulations, industry best practices, and advancements in scaffolding technology. Continuous professional development helps inspectors maintain their competence and effectiveness in ensuring workplace safety. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 7 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 2 DUTIES OF SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR Emergency Response Being prepared to respond to scaffold-related emergencies, such as collapses or incidents involving falls from height. Inspectors should understand emergency procedures and be able to assist in rescue efforts if needed. By fulfilling these duties diligently, scaffolding inspectors contribute to creating a safer work environment, reducing the risk of accidents and injuries associated with scaffolding operations. Their expertise and vigilance are essential for maintaining high safety standards in workplaces where scaffolding is used. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 8 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 3 OPERATIONAL GUIDE 3.1 WORK ON SITE This chapter outlines the responsibilities and duties of scaffolding contractors and clients in site work. It covers the erection, modification, and dismantling of scaffolding, following safe methods defined by risk assessment and method statement. Once erected, the scaffold must be handed over to the client, who must ensure it meets the client's brief and complies with all regulatory requirements. An inspection is conducted to verify the scaffold's design and compliance with regulations. A handover certificate is provided, and any deviations must be recorded for the client to devise an adequate compensatory safe working method. The client is responsible for maintaining the scaffolding safely and not modifying it without the contractor's authorization. Inspections are required at least every seven days and after significant alteration or exceptional circumstances. This can be sub-contracted to the scaffolding supplier or a specialist inspection contractor, but the client may conduct inspections with other qualified personnel. The chapter concludes by highlighting the responsibilities of all involved in site works and the regulations they must adhere to ensure safe and efficient scaffolding completion. 3.2 SCAFFOLDING CONSTRUCTION This section offers guidance on safe scaffolding erection, modification, and dismantling, recommending reading with NASC Safety Guidance publications, specifically SG 4 and SG6 on preventing falls and manual handling. Preparation Employing experienced and competent individuals for scaffolding construction is crucial for safety and maintaining the structure. Personal protective equipment, including wet or cold weather clothing, safety harnesses, lanyards, helmets, footwear, eye protection, face masks, gloves, coveralls, life jackets, and high-visibility vests, should be provided to those erecting and dismantling scaffolds. These requirements should be defined during risk assessments. Erection Before constructing a scaffold, it is crucial to confirm the foundations and ground conditions, as established during the pre-contract site inspection. The building structure's adequacy to accept drilled anchors or ties should also be established during the inspection. Operators erecting or dismantling scaffolding must be protected by suitable edge protection, with collective fall-prevention methods preferable to personal fall-prevention measures. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 9 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 3 OPERATIONAL GUIDE Staff equipment should be securely stacked and segregated from pedestrian thoroughfares. Electrical conductors should be checked by qualified personnel to determine their liveness and take appropriate precautions. During the erection and dismantling of the scaffold, care must be taken to prevent items from falling. Materials should only be passed by hand above decking or other suitable containment means. Ties for the scaffold should be fixed in place as the scaffold is erected and reaches each tie position. No portion of the scaffold should be used unless fully decked, braced, and tied. Warning notices should be fixed to draw attention to incomplete portions and barrier them off. Appropriate access should be provided to all working levels, considering the height of the scaffold, the number of persons using the access ways, the weight and size of objects, and the abilities and experience of those using the access. Stairways should be the first choice for vertical access The tolerances assume a BS EN 12811 imperfection tolerance of 1:100 and should not be exceeded without consent from a scaffolding designer. Tighter tolerances may be needed for mechanical hoist towers. After erection, the scaffold should be thoroughly inspected and approved procedures, including issuing a signed handover certificate. This certificate communicates platform loading and loading capacity to the client. Duties of erectors & users of scaffolds All individuals responsible for scaffolding should familiarize themselves with statutory regulations and relevant standards and publications. These regulations outline common-sense requirements and recommendations. Inadequate or dangerous construction methods are likely to contravene these requirements and should be reported to site authorities for appropriate action. The Appendix of this guide lists some relevant standards and publications. Modifications The scaffolding contractor must ensure the stability of existing scaffolds by modifying them without compromising their functionality. Adding supplementary components before removing those that need to be removed is generally recommended. Modifications should be assessed to determine if they are design changes, such as adding sheeting or debris netting. Consultation with an appropriate TG 20 compliance sheet is necessary to determine the necessary strengthening measures. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 10 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 3 OPERATIONAL GUIDE Dismantling Dismantling scaffolds should be planned and orderly, starting from the top in horizontal sections. Vertical sections are not recommended unless special consideration is given to ties and bracing by a scaffolding designer. Dismantling should not be reversed due to structural changes. Inspections and corrections of tying and bracing are crucial. No component that threatens the structure's stability should be removed during dismantling. If a critical component needs to be removed, a similar or adequate component should be fixed lower down. Risk for persons working at height should be considered during dismantling. In particular the following precautions should be observed: The ties should remain in place for as long as possible in the dismantling sequence. They should not be removed while lifts above are still in place; The scaffold should not be overloaded with personnel or stored materials during dismantling. The safe working load and maximum number of loaded lifts the scaffold has been designed to support must be observed; The bracing and transoms must be removed sequentially with the progress of the scaffolding; All principal guard rails should be left in place until their respective lifts are dismantled to provide collective fall prevention during dismantling. lt may be necessary to temporarily stabilise the scaffold with rakers, or some other means, if it is not stable while in a partassembled or part-dismantled state. Lowering materials Dismantling scaffolding materials should be done by lowering them to the ground and not stored on the scaffold. If pavement isn't obstructed, store materials on the lowest lift, which should be stiffened and braced using materials from upper lifts. Components should be lowered manually or brought down using a crane or gin wheel, not thrown to the ground. Communication Modern construction requires high cooperation between specialist occupations to avoid hazards. Clients should include specific provisions in their briefs to scaffolding contractors, who then include them in their documents. Designers should ensure information about special materials is conveyed to stockholders and erectors, such as using lower stiffness aluminium tubes for scaffolds. This ensures a smooth and efficient construction process. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 11 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 3 OPERATIONAL GUIDE Progressive dismantling Scaffolds used during demolition should be marked with warning notices, guard rails, and toe boards. They should not project above the wall's height, especially if debris-netted or sheeted. Stabilizing ties should be maintained, and top lifts of sheeted or debris-netted scaffolds should remain tied or design advice sought. 3.3 HANDOVER CERTIFICATE The scaffold contractor should issue a handover certificate to the client after erection and inspection of the scaffold. This certificate confirms that the scaffold is erected to the agreed specification, in a suitable condition for its intended duty, and complies with statutory regulations and local authority requirements. The client acknowledges their responsibility to maintain the scaffold and follow loading limitations. Accepting the certificate also implies their responsibility to perform statutory scaffolding safety inspections, often subcontracted to the supplier or specialist inspection contractor. Although there is no statutory requirement, it is generally in the best interest of both parties. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 12 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 3 OPERATIONAL GUIDE A procedure for handovers and inspections CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 13 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 3 OPERATIONAL GUIDE A typical scaffolding handover certificate. Safety and contractual information is usually also provided overleaf. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 14 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 3 OPERATIONAL GUIDE 3.4 SCAFFOLD INSPECTIONS The scaffolding contractor must ensure the scaffolding is suitable for its intended purpose and meets regulations and Local Authority requirements, usually through a formal inspection before handing it over to the client. Regulatory requirements The Work at Height Regulations mandate that work equipment, including scaffolding, must be thoroughly inspected by a competent individual before use : The scaffold must be inspected every seven days after delivery to ensure safety, with the client responsible and typically sub-contracted to the scaffolding contractor. The scaffold should be thoroughly inspected after any potential safety risks, such as adverse weather conditions: CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 15 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 3 OPERATIONAL GUIDE Regulation 13 of the Work at Height Regulations 2005 mandates employers to regularly check the surface and fall protection measures at all work at height locations before use. Inspection procedure All scaffolding, working platforms and edge protection should be inspected:  Before being used for the first time;  Following significant alteration;  Within seven days of the previous inspection;  Following adverse weather or any event likely to have affected its strength or stability such as overloading. No work is to be undertaken on the scaffold until these inspections have taken place. Scaffolding inspections should be conducted by a competent person with appropriate knowledge, training, and experience, assessed under the Construction Industry Scaffolders Record Scheme (CISRS) or a similar recognized scheme, CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 16  CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 3 OPERATIONAL GUIDE Inspection criteria Although not exhaustive, the following Items may form part of the inspection: a. The platforms comply with statutory regulations and the recommendations of this guide; b. Access and egress are suitable and safe; c. The foundations are adequate, and are not likely to be disturbed or undermined; d. The lower portion of the scaffold is not liable to damage by interference, accident, traffic or any other cause; e. The scaffold Is appropriately constructed to carry the loads, following the guidance from a TG20 compliance sheet or design drawing; f. The scaffold is correctly tied, anchored and braced to maintain stability under load and environmental influences. The anchors have been installed and proof tested by a competent person ; g. The scaffold complies with the requirements of the Local Authority, Including lighting, hoarding and fenders, and In general is not constructed in a way that can cause damage or injury to persons due to protruding tubes, low headroom or other issues; h. Any attachments such as fans, loading bays and lifting equipment are property constructed In compliance with regulations and the recommendations of this guide and Justified with a TG20 compliance sheet or bespoke design. The inspector must ensure the scaffold is property-constructed, appropriate for the planned duty, and has the correct height, width, and length. Additional inspections may include fighting, lifting gear, electrical supplies, hoists, and ropes. All scaffold material must be visually inspected before delivery or use, and any suspect or defective material must be quarantined until removed. NASAC publication SG 41 provides further information on inspecting long-stand scaffolding structures. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 17  CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 3 OPERATIONAL GUIDE Identifying unauthorised modifications After erection, inspection, and handover to the client, it's their responsibility to ensure the scaffolding remains safe and meets statutory regulations. This includes preventing unauthorised modifications and ensuring it's not misused or interfered with, by checking certain criteria: a. The foundations have not been disturbed or undermined. The standards are on base plates and placed centrally on sole boards (as necessary). b. Guard rails are installed at every lift with none removed: c. Toe boards have not been removed or displaced; d. Scaffoid boards have not been removed, displaced or damaged; e. Transoms are suitably placed to support the boards and the maximum support span and overhang have not been exceeded; f. No scaffold ties have been removed: g. No bracing has been removed; h. The brick guards, debris-netting or sheeting, where fitted, are still in place and secure; i. The structure is not being overloaded; j. There are no other signs of misuse or interference. Record Keeping Record keeping is crucial for the safe and efficient management of site operations. Maintaining inspection, client brief, design variations, site amendments, handover certificates, site workers' names and skills, and material delivery schedules is crucial for efficient site management. Records should be kept during the duration of the contract and for at least three months thereafter. Misuse or interference in scaffolding should be reported to the contractor immediately, as per NACS publication SG 36: Unauthorised modifications to scaffolds. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 18 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 3 OPERATIONAL GUIDE Inspection record keeping All scaffolding inspections conducted on site should be documented in site diaries or formal record books, with the report containing details outlined in Schedule 7 of the Work at Height Regulations 2005. The particulars required by Schedule 7 are: 1. The name and address of the person for whom the inspection was carried out: : 2. The location of the work equipment (scaffolding) inspected; 3. A description of the work equipment (scaffolding) inspected; 4. The date and time of the inspection; 5. Details of any matter identified that could give rise to & risk to the health or safety of any person; 6. Details of any action taken as a result of any matter identified in point 5. 7. Details of any further action considered necessary. 8. The name and position of the person making the report. Inspection reports should include records of completed material, anchor tests, and other equipment inspections and their results. The handover certificate must meet Schedule 7 of the Work at Height Regulations and Regulation 12 (7), ensuring it meets the requirements of a first-use inspection report: a. Prepare a report detailing the details in Schedule 7 before the inspection's completion period. b. The inspection must be completed within 24 hours and the report or copy thereof must be provided to the person on whose behalf it was conducted. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 19 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 3 OPERATIONAL GUIDE 3.5 DUTIES OF PERSONS USING SCAFFOLD The client is responsible for using the scaffold as defined in their brief and not exceeding the loading and limitations stated in the handover certificate. They must inform the scaffold contractor of any damage, movement, or distress to correct them. If the scaffolding contractor is not contracted to carry out regulatory inspections, the client must ensure competent persons conduct them and maintain records. The client must also check fall prevention measures before using the scaffold in accordance with Regulation 13 of the Work at Height Regulations 2005. If the client fails to inform the contractor, their responsibility will be reduced. Unauthorised modifications Unauthorised modifications to scaffolding can lead to fatalities, injuries, property damage, insurance invalidation, and an offense under Section 7 of the Health and Safety at Work Act. Only competent scaffolders can modify scaffolding, and clients should enforce a zero-tolerance policy against unauthorised alteration. Common types of scaffold interference include removing ties, guard rails, and toe boards, and undermining scaffold foundations by excavations. The scaffolding contractor should control these risks through communication with the client and careful planning, ensuring the scaffold's design and construction are appropriate for the client's needs. Mechanical handling A loading tower or scaffold strengthened for loads placed by mechanical handling equipment or packaged materials is necessary. Ensure scaffolding is not overloaded by excessive imposed loads. Lifting operations and lifting equipment The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) mandate the use, examination, and inspection of lifting operations and equipment. The equipment must be thoroughly examined before use and at least every 12 months, with more frequent inspections depending on usage conditions. People-lifting equipment must be examined every six months. Inspections are also required in cases of equipment safety threats. Scaffolds supporting lifting equipment may require additional bracing and ties. Materials being lifted or lowered must be secured to prevent falling. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 20  CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 3 OPERATIONAL GUIDE 3.6 PROTECTING PEOPLE AND PROPERTY All individuals involved in the supply, erection, use, and dismantling of scaffolding have a responsibility to safeguard those affected by their work. Protection of the public Under the Health and Safety at Work Act, individuals involved in works, including scaffolders and users, have a duty to protect non-employees from work-related injuries: a. Securing the area around the scaffold to distance people from the work; b. Preventing persons from being struck by falling objects by the use of a protected thoroughfare, brick guards, debris netting, sheeting or protection fans as necessary; c. Cladding tubes, tube ends and coupler bolts that project into access spaces to prevent injury; d. Preventing unauthorised access as far as possible from the.area of the work and a sufficient area around it, ensuring that all access routes to the scaffold are protected, such as from inside buildings. Sentries may be required to control sensitive areas; e. Checking that pavement scaffoiding conforms to local authority requirements regarding minimum widths, minimum heights, warning notices, safety markings, accessibility for those with disabilities, and so on; f. Protecting pedestrians from passing traffic with suitable barrier systems. The Health and Safety at Work Act mandates general public duties, but scaffolding erecting or using in public places may also be subject to specific duties under other legislation. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 21  CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 3 OPERATIONAL GUIDE Protecting scaffolders Scaffolds should be erected, altered, and dismantled with sufficient protection for scaffolders, using appropriate measures such as: a. The working areas must be effectively guarded; b. Where not guarded, scaffolders must use appropriate measures to minimise the risk of falling from a height, as advised in NASC publication SG4: Preventing falis in scaffolding c. There must be an effective and rapid means of rescue available should it be necessary, as advised in NASC publication SG 19: Guide to formulating a rescue plan; d. Scaffolders must have suitable personal protective equipment, including harnesses, lanyards, coveralls, Safety footwear, safety helmets, gloves, eye protection and ear defenders as necessary for the situation; e. There must be appropriate and detailed information on site concerning the construction works and any hazards, as defined by the risk assessment and method statement; f. Manual handling operations should be organised to remove or minimise risk to scaffolders and supporting Staff, as advised in the NASC publication SG6: Manual handling in the scaffolding industry; g. Access to the scaffold platforms must be sufficient, safe and appropriate. Protecting the scaffold Scaffolds, lightweight structures, are susceptible to damage from vehicles, plants, impact, overloading, and unauthorised modification, requiring careful risk assessment and control measures. Protecting the enviroment Scaffolds are generally unlikely to cause environmental problems, but work on them can involve grit blasting, pressure, or paint spraying, which if not properly contained could lead to pollution. Client briefs must clearly state this to design the scaffold. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 22 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST 4.1 GENERAL CHECKLIST FOR ALL TYPES OF SCAFFOLD General  Check that the scaffold is erected as to the drawing  All components are undamaged  Have not been accidentally hit  Nothing of great weight has fallen on the decking  All areas are secure and completed  The staircase / access way is not obstructed Base  Scaffold has adequate spreader plates  Scaffold has not been undermined or settlement occured due to site activities  Base standard is properly seated on the adjustable base and the standard. Verticals  All standards are vertical and in line  All bolts / pins between joints in standards are present and fitted correctly  The puncheons are properly fixed and wedges driven Horizontal  Guardrailds are all in position with no exposed edges to either inside or outside line of scaffold  All wedges are driven  The allignment is straight Inside Brackets  All wedges are driven  In position with no exposed ends between adjacent bays with different levels  Only neccessary when inside guardrails are fitted Diagonals  Fitted continuously  Fully fixed Decking  No decks are missing  All decking is free of materials  All locking tags are engaged CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 23 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Toeboards  No toeboards are missing  All toeboards correctly fitted Ladders / Stairs  Suitable access to all areas  Site works may block off areas  Stairs or ladders are properly seated  Aluminium stairs tags are down  Steel treads are all locked to each other, the last treads is seated in its housing and the last riser is fixed around the ledger  Ladder hooks are in the correct location  Hatches are free to open and close  Guardrails on the staircase at correct level  All open edges guardrailed Ties  No ties have been removed or temporarily disconnected  All ties are working correctly and without any movement  Any packing is correctly fitted and effective Castors  Free to rotate and withour any wound up debris  Brakes working Loading Bays  Decks do not show signs of overloading  Decks link plates or spreaders are in use  Gates are free to move, undamaged and correctly fitted CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 24 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST 4.2 SCAFFOLD COMPONENT SAFETY CHECKLIST COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO EN 39 / Equivalent Straight Tubes Free from excessive corrosion No Dents / Cracks / Splits Ends cut square COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO BS 2482 / Equivalent Indentification End protection in place Boards No excessive warp / cracks / splits Not Painted No Evidence of impact loading COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO EN 74 / Equivalent Couplers Free from excessive corrosion Free running nuts COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Firm and even Foundations Level Adequate thickness strength for intended load COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Base Plates Correct Size / Types Base Sole Plates Correct Size / Types COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Correct spacing Standards Plumb Joints Staggered COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Correct Spacing Leveled Ledgers Joints Staggered Correct couplers COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Correct Placement Main Transom Correct Couplers Leveled CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 25 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Leveled Bridle Correct Couplers COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Correct Spacing Correct Placement Ledger / Correct Couplers Diagonal Brace Correct Length Correct Angle COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Correct Spacing Correct Placement Face / Sway Correct Couplers Bracing Correct Joints Correct Angle COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Correct Spacing Correct Placement Plan Brace Correct Couplers Correct Length COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Correct Spacing Ties Correct Couplers Correct Placement COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Correct Support Secure Decking Placed End to End Minimum Gaps Correct Width COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Correct Spacing Intermediate Correct Couplers Transoms Leveled COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Correct Height Guard Rail Correct Couplers Correct Spacing CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 26 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Correct Height Fixed Inside Standards Toe Boards Fixed Minimum 2 Places Correct Fittings COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Adequate Size Access Point Protection From Falls COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Correct Type Correct Size Ladder Correct Placement Secure COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Plumb Puncheon / Correct Placement Deadmen Correct Couplers Check Couplers if needed COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Correct Angle Diagonal Correct Spacing Support / Correct Couplers Spurs Correct Length Check Couplers if needed COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Correct Types Correct Placement Beams Correct Couplers Check Bracing COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Designs Constructed Based On Design Specifications COMPONENT CONDITIONS YES NO Fittings Fixed to manufacturers / clients instructions CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 27 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST 4.3 CHECKLIST FOR BASIC SCAFFOLDING Independent Tied Scaffold The standards should be connected with ledgers parallel to the building and fixed with right angle couplers and with transoms fixed to the ledgers with putlog couplers to give the recommended platform width. Ledger bracing is generally fixed to alternate pairs of standards. Sway bracing is required at intervals not exceeding 30 m.The scaffold should be tied to the building at the frequency recommended. Independent Tied Scaffold Safety Checklist Check from the ground:  Base soundness, adequate spread of load, avoidance of pavement lights, manhole covers etc., no nearby excavation.  Line of standards and ledgers, vertically of the standards.  Staggering of joints (vertical and horizontal).  Spacing of transoms.  Working platform. Check line and even support of boards, overhang, lapped boards and fillets.  Security of guardrails and toeboards.  Longitudinal and ledger bracing.  Means of access. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 28 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Check from the scaffold:  Ties, particularly on lift below working platform or, in early stages, rakers on alternate standards. Special attention to ‘through’ ties on large flank ends without windows. Load bearing couplers to be used.  Special loadings by protective fans, wind sails etc., anchorage and spread of load.  Security of boards, toeboards and guardrails  Security and correct use of all fittings (couplers), particularly on transoms and bracing.  Condition of tubes and fittings  Damage by loads swinging from cranes or by falling material.  Overloading.  Security of stacked materials. Scaffold usage and class load CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 29 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Birdcage scaffold The birdcage scaffold is so called because of its appearance. It is normally an internal scaffold and is mainly used for ceiling work in large halls. It consists of an arrangement of standards with ledgers and transoms supporting a closely boarded platform at the required level. The standards are laced together with a grit of ledgers and transoms at every lift height and the top lift is boarded to form the access platform for work on ceilings and to fix lighting, ventilation or sprinklers over an inside area. The side bays of the birdcage may also be required to form a normal access scaffold. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 30 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST There are two types of birdcage scaffolds:  Birdcages with more than one lift in height  Single lift birdcages The distinction between the 2 types is due to the different requirements of the bottom and top lifts from the intermediate lifts and the fact that these two special lifts are adjacent in a single lift birdcage. Excepting the working lift in the outside bays, a birdcage should have only one working lift, i.e. the top lift and the loading on this should not exceed 75 kg/m². The width of the edge bays may be reduced to 3, 4, 5 boards to meet the requirements for the particular type of access required round the edges. Transoms in the foot tie lift and in the intermediate lifts should be fixed to the standards with right angle couplers. In the top lift, transoms should be fixed to the ledgers with putlog couplers. Transoms to the working lifts in the side bays may be fixed to the ledgers to provide level support for the decking. The need for plan bracing should be considered for free standing birdcages. All birdcage scaffolds required to be braced and/or tied to ensure they are stable. The standards have to be adequately braced to be strong enough to carry the vertical loading. Birdcages should be stiff enough to resist lateral sway and horizontal loads and be safe from overturning. External birdcages should be braced to resist wind forces and anchored when necessary. Bracing should be provided at the rate of 1 brace for every 6 standards in each line at least. Maximum standards spacing - 2.5 m Maximum first lift height - 2.5 m Remaining lifts (approx.) -2m Working platforms -1 Distributed loading - 75 kg/m² Maximum height - 50 m Birdcage Scaffold Safety Checklist Check from the ground:  Base soundness, adequate spread of load, avoidance of pavement lights, manhole covers etc., no nearby excavation.  Line of standards and ledgers, vertically of the standards.  Staggering of joints (vertical and horizontal).  Spacing of transoms.  Working platform. Check line and even support of boards, overhang, lapped boards and fillets.  Security of guardrails and toeboards.  Longitudinal and ledger bracing.  Means of access. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 31 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Check from the scaffold:  Ties, particularly on lift below working platform or, in early stages, rakers on alternate standards. Special attention to ‘through’ ties on large flank ends without windows. Load bearing couplers to be used.  Special loadings by protective fans, wind sails etc., anchorage and spread of load.  Security of boards, toeboards and guardrails  Security and correct use of all fittings (couplers), particularly on transoms and bracing.  Condition of tubes and fittings  Damage by loads swinging from cranes or by falling material.  Overloading.  Security of stacked materials. Mobile Tower Scaffold A mobile tower is a scaffold mounted on wheels or castors. It usually consists of 4 standards and is square in construction. It can consist either of ordinary tubes and fittings or be a system scaffold using ready made frames. Mobile towers built with tubes and fittings must be built by or under the direct supervision of competent scaffolders.These towers are made of steel or aluminium sections and must be built strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 32 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Mobile Tower Scaffold Safety Checklist  Swivelling castors with brakes, secured to uprights  Foot ties as close to wheels as practicable  Horizontal members fixed to uprights with load bearing couplers (except on working lift)  All bracing connected to horizontal members with right angle couplers  Spacing of uprights (minimum 1.2m, maximum 2.5m) unless specially designed  Working platform: least base to height ratio external 3:1, internal 3.5:1  Working platform size within base dimension  Working platform close boarded and evenly supported  Working platform: guardrails and toeboards  Correct fittings used  Ladder access properly secured, clear of ground, lashed with wire  Ballast properly positioned and secured where necessary  Overloading  Security of any stacked material; use of brick guards  No riding on a mobile scaffold when it is being moved  Board on ladder, when not in use  Wheels locked correctly when tower is in use  Plan brace at base, every alternate lift and under working platform  Height between lifts not to exceed spacing of standards CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 33  CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST 4.4 SCAFFOLD INSPECTION FLOW DIAGRAM STAGE 1 Scafftag fixed adjacent to access point INITIAL during construction ERECT Condition of scaffold Safe / Unsafe to use Inspect structure STAGE 2 Scaffold Inspector to complete COMPLETION Scaffold Safety Inspection Certificate SAFE TO USE UNSAFE Date, Sign Status Card, Date, Sign Status Card, CONDITIONS Duplicate Card in “Scafftag” Duplicate Card in “Scafftag” Central Racking System Central Racking System (OFFICE) (OFFICE) STAGE 3 File scaffold safety inspection ONGOING Certificate for future reference INSPECTION Retain blue copy at work site If in service more than 7 days or scaffolding is altered or subjected to any stress (overloading) or extreme weather conditions Where unsafe, remove status card - condition unsafe danger - do not use inspection certificate until remedial work is carried out. Sign and re-insert status card Continue with 7 days inspections completing scaffold safety inspection certificates and updating status cards CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 34 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST 4.5 SCAFFTAG SYSTEM Scafftag holder system indicating that the scaffold is : -  SAFE TO USE  SHOULD NOT BE USED  ON GOING INSPECTION Tags are attached to scaffolds near the ladder access point or points. Some lines are shown dotted to indicate place to write on the card. Some lines are shown dotted to reveal writing on the status card. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 35 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Typical card status :- GREEN SIDE showing indicates scaffold SAFE TO USE. Typical card status :- showing indicates scaffold CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 36 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Typical card status :- showing indicates scaffold CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 37 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST 4.6 DRAWING FOR BASIC SCAFFOLD Static Tower - Drawing Layout (Tabular) CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 38 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Static Tower - Drawing Layout (Tabular) CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 39 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Static Tower - Drawing Layout (Tabular) CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 40 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Static Tower - Drawing Layout (Tabular) CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 41 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Independent with return - Drawing Layout (Tabular) CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 42 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Independent with return - Drawing Layout (Tabular) CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 43 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Independent with return - Drawing Layout (Tabular) CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 44 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Independent with return - Drawing Layout (Tabular) CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 45 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Rakers and Battress - Drawing Layout (Tabular) CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 46 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Rakers and Battress - Drawing Layout (Tabular) CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 47 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Rakers and Battress - Drawing Layout (Tabular) CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 48 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Rakers and Battress - Drawing Layout (Tabular) CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 49 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Birdcage - Drawing Layout (Tabular) CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 50 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Birdcage - Drawing Layout (Tabular) CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 51 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 4 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST Birdcage - Drawing Layout (Tabular) CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 52 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 5 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION REPORT CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 53 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 5 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION REPORT CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 54 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 5 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION REPORT CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 55 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 5 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION REPORT CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 56 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 5 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION REPORT CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 57 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 5 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION REPORT CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 58 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 5 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION REPORT CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 59 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 5 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION REPORT CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 60 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 5 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION REPORT CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 61 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 5 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION REPORT CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 62 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 6 SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK SCAFFOLDING Safe System of Work Scaffolding Associated with Timber Frame Building Construction This guidance document is designed for timber frame building construction professionals, including clients, contractors, engineers, designers, and scaffold contractors. It emphasizes the importance of stability in timber framed buildings, as there is no existing structure against which the scaffold structure can be tied. Initial stability must be achieved through methods other than ties to the building or structure, such as kentledge, rakers, buttresses, or staircase towers, to prevent scaffold overturning. It is vitally important that the work is planned and that a Design and Risk Assessment/Method Statement (RAMS) are produced to eliminate in particular the risk of:  Scaffold collapse/ overturning; and  Falls from height. Parties must consider other trades' requirements, including bricklayers, to ensure a scaffold that suits all trades and minimizes unnecessary alterations and costs. Note : Timber Frame buildings often pose fire risks. The main contractor should assess this risk and determine if the scaffold will double as an evacuation route, unless the fire plan provides alternative routes. The scaffold specification should also consider fire retardant sheeting and cladding that doesn't contribute to fire spread. 6.1 EXTENDED TRANSOMS, TELESCOPIC TRANSOMS UNITS, INSIDE BOARD BRACKETS Supporting inside boards can extend the width of the main platform between the inner line of standards and the building, with various methods available: The main platform can be extended with transoms that cantilever beyond the inner ledger, allowing for an extended platform at the working level. Telescopic transom units can change the inside board platform's width with work progress. Inside-board brackets, also known as 'hop-up' or 'step-down' brackets, support the inner platform, allowing it to be raised or lowered. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 63 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 6 SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK SCAFFOLDING Inside board loading This document outlines the loading limits for inside boards or inside-board bracket platforms in scaffold platforms, allowing personnel to work with tools and light materials but not storing materials on the boards. It also states that only two lifts of inside boards should be in service per elevation of scaffolding. If full load is needed, scaffolding designers should consult the TG 20 Design Guide. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 64 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 6 SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK SCAFFOLDING Selection of inside board supports The most suitable inside-board support method depends on the platform's usage. Fixed transoms support the inner platform at the same level as the main platform, ensuring it remains in place throughout the lift's lifetime. These transoms can be extended to form an extended platform. In cases where the inner platform width needs to change, telescopic transom units can be used, allowing easy adjustment or removal of the platform. Inner platforms can be supported by inside-board brackets, allowing them to be stepped upward or downward with work progress. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 65 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 6 SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK SCAFFOLDING The platform can be raised to the main lift level, then raised to the step-up position, enabling a scaffold with 2.0 m lifts for bricklaying and blockwork, unlike a traditional bricklayer's scaffold with 1.35-1.5 m lift heights. This method allows for other purposes without adapting the scaffold to provide walkthrough lifts. When used with telescopic transom units, inside boards can be easily replaced. Inside boards on extended transoms Inner platforms supported by fixed or telescopic transoms should be one or two boards wide, with wider platforms being specially designed. The inside platform should be level with lapped boards only allowed at returns. Board lengths should be consistent with the main platform, with spacing typically 1.2m apart. End guard rails and end toe boards should be long enough to protect inside boards at end frames. If accidental displacement of inside boards is a problem, measures should be taken to hold them in place. Prefabricated transom units, certified TG20 compliant, provide board supports with non-structural intermediate transoms, such as regular tubes or prefabricated intermediate transom units. Structural transom units have two integrated connections at each end, a band-and-plate style connection with the ledger and a coupler connecting to the standard. A scaffold with prefabricated transom units should have a structural transom unit. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 66 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 6 SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK SCAFFOLDING The scaffold decking boards must be supported at each end and intermediate points, as per TG20. Non-structural intermediate transoms, such as regular tubes or prefabricated units, are used to provide board supports. When using inside boards, an intermediate transom is often placed near the structural transoms to ensure they are supported at each end and do not exceed permitted spacing. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 67 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 6 SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK SCAFFOLDING Board Brackets Inner platforms supported by prefabricated brackets are suitable for raising or lowering platforms during works. They should be two boards wide if offset from the main platform to provide sufficient width. Some brackets offer an extending section for accommodating a third board, but only one platform per elevation of scaffolding can have three inner boards at a time. TG 20 compliant independent scaffolding allows one inner platform to be raised above or lowered below the main platform per elevation, with a maximum offset of 0.5 m. If multiple platforms are needed, a scaffolding designer should be consulted. Inside boards may be supported with telescopic transoms when the inner platform is at the main level. The inside platform should be level, with lapped boards allowed at returns and adjacent boards butted and supported. A bracket should be fixed at each board end and intermediate points to support the boards at their target spans. The construction method depends on the type of bracket used. Some brackets connect to scaffold ledgers, while others are attached to standards, requiring additional standards or puncheons at the inner face of the scaffold. Alternatively, brackets with a restraining ledger can be used, preventing rotation and allowing transoms between bracket positions. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 68 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 6 SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK SCAFFOLDING Edge protection for inner platforms Inner platforms should be protected with guard rails and toe boards, unless justified by risk assessment. If used at the main working lift, long guard rails and toe boards are necessary. If raised above or lowered below the main lift, additional guard rails are needed. Work at Height Regulations 2005 require a guard rail at least 950mm above the inner platform and no unprotected vertical gaps exceeding 470mm. A puncheon is typically provided to support the end toe board and guard rails. To prevent falling materials, longitudinal toe boards may be needed when the inner platform is stepped downward or upward. Toe boards can be placed at the gap between the main and inner platforms to prevent materials from falling from the main platform to the inner platform. A TG 20 compliant inner platform can be raised or lowered by a maximum of 0.5 m without design advice. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 69 CHAPTER BASIC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR 6 SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK SCAFFOLDING 6.2 DOCUMENT AND RECORDS Document and records The Scaffolding Contractor is required to conduct a Risk Assessment/Method Statement (RAMS) for each project, following the Health and Safety Executive's recommended five steps to risk assessment: The scaffold contractor must provide the RAMS to all operatives during the erection, alteration, and dismantling phases, with signed records retained and made available on site. The following documents and records will need to be made available and retained on site during operations: Approved Scaffold Design(s); Risk Assessment and Method Statement (as detailed above); Handover Certificates and Scaffold Inspection Records; Tie Tester Calibration Certificate; Tie Tests records (these may be encompassed within the Handover note); Copies of operatives CISRS cards; Other applicable documents and records as per site rules and company procedures and policies. CAHAYA GUNUNG MEGA SDN BHD 70